L'impensé d'une réforme pénitentiaire - article ; n°1 ; vol.136, pg 15-26

Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales - Année 2001 - Volume 136 - Numéro 1 - Pages 15-26
Das Implizite einer Gefangnisreform Neuerdings ist die Gesundheitspflege im Gefângnis refor- miert worden, mit dem Ziel, mehr Rucksicht auf die Gesundheit der Insassen zu nehmen. Mit der Durchfuh- rung der Reform ist die Kluft zwischen den « geplanten » ReformmaSnahmen und ihrer « praktischen Erprobung » ins Licht gekommen. Sie hat zahlreiche Konflikte zwischen Gefângnispersonal und neuem Krankenhausperso- nal zur Folge, die in Konkurrenz um die Definition der legitimen Behandlung der Insassenbevôlkerung treten. Dièse heute geschlichteten, manchmal aber reaktivierten Konflikte werden hier im Hinblick auf die Spannungen zwischen Krankenschwestern und Gefàngniswàrtern untersucht, d.h. jenen Berufsstànden, die unmittelbar mit den Insassen konfrontiert sind und ganz unten in der jeweiligen Berufshierarchie stehen.
Lo que no contemplé la reforma penitenciaria francesa La reciente reforma penitenciaria francesa establece la reorganización de la asistencia médica en las cárceles, mejorando la atención y haciéndose cargo de la salud de los presos. Su aplicación révéla que, entre las disposi- ciones previstas « en el papel » y las mismas disposiciones, puestas « a prueba de terreno », hay una gran distancia. La reforma suscita muchos conflictos entre el personal peni- tenciario y el nuevo personal hospitalario : ambos se encuentran en una situación de competencia al tratar de establecer el modo legitimo de conducirse con la pobla- ción penal. Las tensiones entre enfermeras y guardianes, las categorias profesionales nias expuestas al enfrenta- miento con los reclusos, ubicadas en el nivel más bajo de sus respectivas jerarquias, dejan traslucir esos conflictos, hoy por hoy apaciguados, aunque esporádicamente se reactivan. Las tensiones, intensificadas por las caracteristi- cas de los actores, permiten analizar los factores que entran en juego en la humanización relativa del universo
side, such as hospital caregivers, at the very time prison workers are encouraged to invest their energies in « reinsertion». In prison, nurses spend much of their time in listening, « relational » activities and health education, valuable tasks in the official definition of their profession but largely unrecognized on hospital personnel assessment forms. Thus both guards and nurses are faced with the same devaluation of their « relational » skills used in treating stigmatized populations whose moral and social illegitimacy rub off on their own positions. Finally, these tensions reveal ordinary operations of imputing and delegating prison violence, which adds to that of the detainees social fate, « contaminates » all agents and compels cooperation.
Unforeseen aspects of a prison reform A recent reform for reorganizing the prison health-care system has improved the level of detainee care. But its application has brought to light the gap between the project « on paper » and the project « on the ground ». It has aroused a number of conflicts between prison personnel and the new hospital personnel, thrown into competition to define the legitimate treatment of the prison population. These conflicts, which have largely subsided but nevertheless flare up from time to time, are analyzed through the tensions between nurses and guards, the professional categories most involved in day-to-day contact with the detainees and ranking at the bottom of their respective hierarchies. Exacerbated by the gender of the actors, these tensions provide a means of analyzing the stakes involved in the relative humanization of the penitentiary system and in its contradictions. The guards, responsible for security, struggle to defend their professional dignity and the reduced human scope of their work. A proportion potentially diminished by the recent changes in the prisoners' world, since improvement of the detainees' daily lives has been delegated to agents from the
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Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.