La communauté aujourd'hui - article ; n°5 ; vol.33, pg 1182-1196

Antoinette Fioravanti-Molinié

Description

Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations - Année 1978 - Volume 33 - Numéro 5 - Pages 1182-1196
Community today Antoinette Fioravanti-Molinié
Community, the term most often used to characterize contemporary Andean societies, is much too reductive to be useful. It denies the ethnic nature of these societies and their original features, for it suggests a social structure without internal fragmentation, whereas actually an Andean group often consists of heterogenous ensemble of parental residential, and religious units. Moreover, these groups are differentiated on the economic and social level as well. Finally, the term totaly ignores history.
Historical study makes it possible to distinguish, within the Andean world, three types of society (beyond those which live as ethnic groups). These are illustrated in the present article by three examples. San Juan Uchucuanicu (Chancay Valley, Peru) represents the archetype of the community in which the indigenous strain predominates. Its equalitariarism is evident in the distribution of land and water, in the organization of work. in way of organizing work which is based on kinship, and in its political organization. But the development of salaried work and the sale of fruit at Lima generates inequalities which could threaten to upset its equilibrium. Ambana (Larecaja, Bolivia) is representative of those societies which function on the basis of social, territorial, and residential units established at the beginning of the colonial period. Its system of landholdings can be reconstructed only if one considers it in the context of the colonial reduccion. But Ambaba gradually split up into various social strata in the course of the XIXth century. This is also the case of Yucay, which is illustrative of those societies that become increasingly divided into social classes with the adoption of a merchant economy. All the same, its rituals recall the period when it was organized as a reduccion.
The simultaneous existence of these three examples should bring to light some aspects of the evolution of Andean societies
15 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique

Informations

• Publié par: ANNALES_ECONOMIES_SOCIETES_CIVILISATIONS
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1978
• Nombre de lectures: 9
• Langue: Français
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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