Segregation and Migration of the Second Generation of Guestworker Minorities in Düsseldorf - article ; n°2 ; vol.8, pg 257-278

Günther Glebe

Description

Espace, populations, sociétés - Année 1990 - Volume 8 - Numéro 2 - Pages 257-278
Ségrégation et migrations de la seconde génération des minorités ethniques à Düsseldorf .
Les politiques du gouvernement pour promouvoir l'intégration des travailleurs immigrés et surtout de la seconde génération, ont toujours été affaiblies par l'argument que l'Allemagne n'était pas un pays d'immigration. Pourtant depuis la réunification familiale dans les années soixante-dix la minorité ethnique est importante dans le pays. Les conditions de logement sont une barrière de taille à l'intégration inter-ethnique. L'analyse des répartitions résidentielles à Düsseldorf et des migrations intra-urbaines démontrent que peu de progrès ont été faits ces dernières années en termes de conditions de logement et de ségrégation urbaine. Les possibilités de choix résidentiel se sont rétrécies et les migrations intra-urbaines ont diminué. L'amélioration des conditions de logement des familles immigrées est un élément-clé de tout processus d'intégration.
Government policies to promote the integration of guestworker families, and especially the second generation, have been confused in Germany by the often repeated statement that Germany is not a land of immigration. Nevertheless, since the late 1970s there has been a rapid process of family reunification creating an important ethnic minority community in the country. Whilst certain indicators of the integration of young people (for example school achievement) show improvement, the residential segregation of guestworkers remains a considerable barrier to further inter-ethnic mixing. Analysisjof residential patterns and of migration flows between urban sub -areas, shows that in Diisseldorf there has been little improvement in the living conditions and levels of segregation of guestworkers over recent years. There is evidence that they are more constrained in housing choice now than used to be the case, shown by a reduced level of intra-urban migration. It is argued that the key to future integration processes must lie in the improvement of housing opportunities for guestworker families.
22 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique

Informations

• Publié par: ESPACE-_POPULATIONS-_SOCIETES
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1990
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Günther Glebe
Segregation and Migration of the Second Generation of
Guestworker Minorities in Düsseldorf
In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1990-2. Les communautés étrangères en Europe - Foreign Communities in
Europe. pp. 257-278.
Résumé
Ségrégation et migrations de la seconde génération des minorités ethniques à Düsseldorf .
Les politiques du gouvernement pour promouvoir l'intégration des travailleurs immigrés et surtout de la seconde génération, ont
toujours été affaiblies par l'argument que l'Allemagne n'était pas un pays d'immigration. Pourtant depuis la réunification familiale
dans les années soixante-dix la minorité ethnique est importante dans le pays. Les conditions de logement sont une barrière de
taille à l'intégration inter-ethnique. L'analyse des répartitions résidentielles à Düsseldorf et des migrations intra-urbaines
démontrent que peu de progrès ont été faits ces dernières années en termes de conditions de logement et de ségrégation
urbaine. Les possibilités de choix résidentiel se sont rétrécies et les migrations intra-urbaines ont diminué. L'amélioration des
conditions de logement des familles immigrées est un élément-clé de tout processus d'intégration.
Abstract
Government policies to promote the integration of guestworker families, and especially the second generation, have been
confused in Germany by the often repeated statement that Germany is not a land of immigration. Nevertheless, since the late
1970s there has been a rapid process of family reunification creating an important ethnic minority community in the country.
Whilst certain indicators of the integration of young people (for example school achievement) show improvement, the residential
segregation of guestworkers remains a considerable barrier to further inter-ethnic mixing. Analysisjof residential patterns and of
migration flows between urban sub -areas, shows that in Diisseldorf there has been little improvement in the living conditions and
levels of segregation of guestworkers over recent years. There is evidence that they are more constrained in housing choice now
than used to be the case, shown by a reduced level of intra-urban migration. It is argued that the key to future integration
processes must lie in the improvement of housing opportunities for guestworker families.
Citer ce document / Cite this document :
Glebe Günther. Segregation and Migration of the Second Generation of Guestworker Minorities in Düsseldorf . In: Espace,
populations, sociétés, 1990-2. Les communautés étrangères en Europe - Foreign Communities in Europe. pp. 257-278.
doi : 10.3406/espos.1990.1399
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1990_num_8_2_1399156
Gunther GLEBE West UniversitàtstraBe Geographisches Heinrich-Heine-Universitat D-4000 Germany Dusseldorf Institut 1 1 Dusseldorf
Segregation and Migration
of the Second Generation of
Guestworker Minorities
in Dusseldorf
ban social geographers to this second
West migration receiving Germany countries in Western was of Europe one large of after scale the the labour major Sec generation growing up in Germany. Most
surveys and the existing literature referring
ond World War. In 1988 there were 4.5 to this group are mainly concerned with
million non-German citizens living in the specific educational or labour market prob
FRG. Two thirds of them belonged to lems. With the exception of the recent
ethnic minorities whose first generation im work of Geipel (1987) most authors have
migrated as labour migrants, or guest- viewed their life in German cities in a non-
spatial context. Urban spatial aspects like workers as they were generally called,
during the period of labour shortage be the effects of segregation, spatial concent
tween the late fifties and the early sevent ration, or migration and its social and
ies from countries of the Mediterranian cultural implications have either been
neglected or viewed in isolation. periphery, mainly Italy, Spain, Greece,
Yugoslavia and Turkey. This study tries to rectify some of these
When they were first recruited these labour deficiencies. It investigates where children
migrants were not expected to stay per of guestworker minorities live and grow up
manently or to bring in their families. in Dusseldorf, a medium sized German
However, since the late sixties as their city of 565 251 inhabitants and a foreigner
lengths of stay extended these labour percentage of 13.5 °/o in 1988, whereabouts
migrants were followed by waves of depen they move with their parents in search for
dants bringing family reunification. A adequate accommodation, and tries to ex
survey carried out in 1972 disclosed that plain some of the internal and external
two thirds of the female and three quarters forces determining then- settlement pattern
of the male labour migrants were married and spatial dynamics.
The age-group under 15 years serves as the (Geipel, 1987) and many of them already
had their families in Germany. The statistical basis for the so-called "second
children of these labour migrants, the so generation". The rationale behind this
called «second generation», are the con cutoff is that the age limit roughly coin
cern of this paper. cides with the end of compulsory education
So far little attention has been paid by in Germany. As children of this age do 258
not live by themselves or undertake i reunification will also have major implica
ndependent migrations the analysis of this tions for the guestworker minorities.
group will also allow insight into the more These newcomers of German origin will in
general situation of labour migrant families. crease competition on the labour market,
In the existing literature researchers have on the already tight housing market and for
emphasized five main determinants con the scarce resources in social institutions.
trolling the lives and the life chances of the Basically three major problems will be
second guestworker generation and as be linked together in this paper: segregation,
ing responsible for their societal intra-urban migration and housing. To
set the stage for interpretation of the empmarginalization: insecurity of residency,
segregation, discrimination, underachieve- irical results we will first look more
ment and subordination. These complex generally at the immigration process of the
interlinked determinants themselves are second generation in a historical and
controlled by a higher level set of political, political context and then discuss some
social and institutional forces such as theoretical concepts which have been used
government policy towards foreigners, as explanatory frameworks in minority
housing policy, the labour market, and the research. In a second step age-specific
educational system. The main implica segregation and urban spatial concentra
tion involved for the second generation is tion processes in Dusseldorf between 1976
the danger of becoming excluded from the and 1988 will be investigated. Thirdly,
mainstream of German society by cultural, some social and spatial effects of intr
language and education differences and aurban migration and movement to and
being left behind as a permanent underclass from the city will be studied in context with
(Meier-Braun 1981; O'Loughlin 1988). the housing market. The aim is to
political geography of Eastern Europe, the estimate to what extent migration maint
continuous flight of population out of the ains the pattern of segregation and is con
GDR, the huge wave of repatriates of Ger trolled by housing market conditions.
man origin and the forthcoming of German
THE IMMIGRATION OF FAMILY DEPENDANTS: A POLITICAL
AND HISTORICAL EVALUATION
The process of family reunification caus other commodity in the economy. The
ed considerable changes in the household immigrant problem was limited to the pro
composition and age pattern of the duction sphere (Geipel 1987). Obviously
guestworker minorities in West Ger blind in one eye, politicians and authorities
many. It also highlighted the gradual for a long time ignored the fact that as early
shift from labour migration in the sixties as the late sixties, with lengthening periods
to the long term or even permanent settl of stay, more and more guestworkers
ement of labour migrants in the seventies began to bring in their families. It was
and eighties. In many cities with a high not until the early seventies that, due to
guestworker population, family member steadily increasing numbers of family
immigration became an important compon dependants, in particular children of school
ent of local population shifts. age with Turks as the fastest growing
When labour migrants were recruited they group, the shift in the immigration process
were considered a cheap and flexible source and its social implications slowly
of labour. Socially undesired and widely penetrated public consciousness. In par
ignored until the early seventies, these ticular, social institutions such as schools
and kindergartens began to feel the burden guestworkers were solely seen