Signaling and networking in unstructured peer-to-peer networks [Elektronische Ressource] / Rüdiger Schollmeier

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• Publié par: technische_universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 12
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

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Technische Universität München
Lehrstuhl für Kommunikationsnetze



SIGNALING AND NETWORKING IN
UNSTRUCTURED PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKS


Rüdiger Schollmeier



Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines

Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.)
genehmigten Dissertation.





Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. techn. Josef A. Nossek
Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Eberspächer
2. Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ralf Steinmetz,
Technische Universität Darmstadt


Die Dissertation wurde am 20.09.2004 bei der Technischen Universität München
eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
am 12.04.2005 angenommen.


i
ONE
AIM
"It’s impossible," says Reason.
"It’s reckless," says Experience.
"It’s painful," says Pride.
"Try!" says Dream.
Toyota Formula 1 Team advertisement following the
poem "Es ist was es ist." by Erich Fried



Abstract
This work deals with the efficiency of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, which are distributed
and self-organizing overlay networks. We contribute to their understanding and design by
using new measurement techniques, simulations and analytical methods. In this context we
first present measurement methods and results of P2P networks concerning traffic and
topology characteristics as well as concerning user behavior. Based on these results we
develop stochastic models to describe the user behavior, the traffic and the topology of P2P
networks analytically. Using the results of our measurements and analytical investigations, we
develop new P2P architectures to improve the efficiency of P2P networks concerning their
topology and their signaling traffic. Finally we verify our results for the new architectures by
measurements as well as computer-based simulations on different levels of detail.
Keywords: Peer-to-Peer networking, overlay networks, communication networks, content
availability, signaling traffic, user model, application model, self-organization, random graph
theory, generating functions, traffic measurement, topology measurement, simulation,
compression, cross layer communication




Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit behandelt die Architektur, den Verkehr und die Effizienz von
selbstorganisierenden Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Netzen. Es werden Beiträge zur Messung, zur
analytischen Beschreibung und zum Entwurf dieser Netze entwickelt. In diesem
Zusammenhang werden in einem ersten Schritt Messmethoden und daraus resultierende
Ergebnisse, betreffend den Verkehr, die Topologieeigenschaften und das Benutzerverhalten in
P2P-Netzen präsentiert. Aufbauend auf diesen Resultaten werden in dieser Arbeit neue
stochastische Modelle vorgestellt, um das Benutzerverhalten, den Verkehr und die Topologie
in P2P-Netzen analytisch zu beschreiben. Mit Hilfe der Ergebnisse aus den analytischen und
messtechnischen Untersuchungen werden abschließend neue P2P Architekturen entwickelt,
welche die Effizienz des Verkehrs in P2P-Netzen und deren Topologien verbessern.
ii

Preface
When starting my scientific work in January 2001 at the Lehrstuhl für
Kommunikationsnetze, Professor Jörg Eberspächer suggested to have a look at Peer-to-Peer
(P2P) techniques and applications beyond file sharing. Knowing hardly more about P2P than
Napster or Gnutella, my knowledge at that time was thus similar to that of most people of the
communication research community. Although already thousands of mp3 compressed audio
files were at hand, nearly no scientific research results were available on P2P.This has
significantly changed over the last four years. With increasing traffic volumes due to a
growing number of P2P applications an increasing - and still growing - research community
evolved. P2P turned out to be the disruptive technology Prof. Eberspächer expected it to be
roughly four years ago. Today the concept of P2P is used for Voice over P2P applications,
distributed collaboration systems, media streaming and context and location aware services in
mobile networks. I hope that also this thesis will push this research further and will help to
better understand this new networking paradigm.
This thesis addresses three main topics: measuring, modeling and architecture of P2P
networks. "Measuring P2P" describes methods how to measure in distributed communication
networks and also provides measurement results concerning the user behavior, the topology
and the traffic in P2P networks. "Modeling P2P" offers novel approaches based on random
graph theory and stochastics to describe the topology, the user behavior and the traffic in P2P
networks analytically. Our work on the “Architecture of P2P” then uses our measurements
and analytical considerations to propose efficient P2P solutions.
To achieve the results presented in this thesis, I could always rely on the support of my
advisor Professor Dr. Jörg Eberspächer, going far beyond scientific questions. Thank you
very much for your support and confidence! I am also very pleased that Professor Dr. Ralf
Steinmetz is my second examiner. Together with Vasilios Darlagiannis of his team we had an
excellent cooperation. Especially the workshop in Dagstuhl is one of the events, which jump
started a number of new ideas and which I will remember for a long time.
Throughout my work the Lehrstuhl für Kommunikationsnetze offered an excellent
environment, especially due to the colleagues working at this institute. I particularly thank Dr.
Martin Maier and Thomas Kurzhals (Willy) for their excellent technical and personal support.
Further on, the collaboration and discussions with one of my best friends and room mate Ingo
Gruber as well as with Dr. Hartmann, Dr. Bettstetter, Dominic Schupke, Stefan Zöls, Gerald
Kunzmann and Ingo Bauermann was always very inspiring and fruitful. The excellent
cooperations with Prof. Dr.-Ing. Tran-Gia, Dr. Tutschku and Andreas Binzenhöfer from the
University of Würzburg, with Dr. Kellerer from NTT-Docomo and Michael Finkenzeller
from Siemens lead to a number of personal friendships beyond interesting results. Another
thanks goes to my graduate students. In particular the collaboration with Elom, Florian,
Antoine, Thomas and Roland provided much help in writing this thesis.
A very special „thank you“ goes to my great girlfriend Nadine and my great family. They
were always there whenever I needed them. My thanks to all of them!

Munich. September 2004 Rüdiger Schollmeier iii
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2 P2P Networking: Aspects, Principles and Research Issues............................ 4
2.1. Basic Principles of P2P Systems ..................................................................... 4
2.2. Unstructured P2P Networks ............................................................................ 7
2.3. Structured P2P............................................................................................... 11
2.4. Application Areas.......................................................................................... 15
2.5. Research Issues.............................................................................................. 18
2.6. Summary ....................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 3 Methods to Analyze P2P Networks................................................................. 26
3.1. Measuring Unstructured P2P Networks ........................................................ 27
3.2. Modeling Unstructured P2P Networks.......................................................... 36
3.3. Simulation of Unstructured P2P Networks ................................................... 58
3.4. Summary ....................................................................................................... 65
Chapter 4 Signaling Traffic and Topology of Unstructured P2P Networks................. 67
4.1. Topology-Characteristics of Unstructured P2P Networks ............................ 68
4.2. Graph Theoretic Analysis of the Topology ................................................... 75
4.3. Traffic Characteristics of Unstructured P2P Networks ................................. 86
4.4. sis of the Traffic ....................................................... 96
4.5. Signaling Traffic Compression ..................................................................... 99
4.6. Adapting the Virtual Network to the Physical Network.............................. 100
4.7. The Mobile Peer-to-Peer Protocol............................................................... 104
4.8. Summary and Further Work........................................................................ 104
Chapter 5 Zone Based P2P .................................................................................