Slums and blighted areas in the United States

Edith Elmer Wood

Sujets

• Working class
• Housing
• United States

Informations

• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 11 Mo

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FEDERAL EMERGENCY
ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC WORKS
HOUSING DIVISION
WASHINGTON
Division Bulletin No. 1Housing
SLUMS andBLIGHTED AREAS
in the
UNITED STATES
BY
EDITH ELMERWOODFrom the collection of the
* m
Prelinger h
v
JLJibrary
w
San CaliforniaFrancisco,
2006IFEDERAL EMERGENCY
ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC WORKS
HAROLD L. AdministratorICKES,
HOUSING DIVISION
HORATIO B. DirectorHACKETT,
WASHINGTON
Division Bulletin No. 1Housing
and BLIGHTED AREASSLUMS
in the
STATESUNITED
BY
EDITH ELMER WOOD
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1935CONTENTS
Page
Letter of transmittal vn
Foreword ix
xiAcknowledgments
PART I. Slum clearance and of low-income a nation-rehousing groups
wide need 1
1. Extent of the 3problem
2. What constitutes bad 5housing
3. Effect of bad on andhousing health, morals, safety, general
welfare 7
A. Health 7
7(a) Lackoflight
Lack of fresh air 8(6)
8(c) Overcrowding
(d) 9Dampness
Lack of etc(e) 9running water,
Lack of flush toilets and a sewer(f) sanitary
9system
B. Morals 9
studies 10(a) Delinquency
Crime 13(6)
14(c) Immorality
C. 14Safety.--
D. General welfare 15
4. of slums 16Origin
5. Economic effects of slums and 19blight
PART II. conditions in various cities 23Housing large
1. New York 25City
A. Nature and extent of bad in New York 25housing
B. between 1900 and 1930 27Surveys
C. from the 1930 CensusFigures 28
D. The Slum Clearance Committee 30
Location and of(1) percentage Negro population
census tractsby 31
Location and of(2) percentages foreign popula-
tion census tractsby 31
of vehicular accident deaths(3) Spot maps 31
of fatal fires ^(4) Spot 31
Infant and rate(5) 31mortality spot maps
new cases of(6) Spot maps showing pulmonary
tuberculosis 31
and rate(7) Spot cases. 32mapsshowing diphtheria
and rate for cases of vene-(8) Spot reported
real disease 32
of addresses of(9) Spot maps convictedpersons
of felonies 32
ofaddresses of(10) Spotmaps 82young delinquents.
mIV CONTENTS
PART II. conditions in various cities ContinuedHousing large
1. New York ContinuedCity
D. The Slum Clearance Committee
Page
Series of studies with 12 slum areas(11) dealing
2and other areas 32
Gain and loss in real estate assessments in(12)
slum areas 33
Tax arrears in(13) slum areas 33
E. The New York 1934City Housing Authority, 33
units under $3 room(1) Dwelling renting per
in class 4largely buildings 34
inrate class 4 than(2) Vacancy dwellings higher
elsewhere 34
In class 4 units to house of(3) family enough city
34150,000
Units in class 3(4) more than four times as
as in class 4 34many
worn-out(5) coincide withStructurally dwellings
those all modern 34lacking improvements-.
Table I. Real of the ofproperty inventory City
New 1934 34York,
2. 36Chicago
A. 36Chicago's principal housing surveys
B. made for the Illinois Commission 38Study Housing
C. studies Clifford R. Shaw__ 40Chicago delinquency by
3. Philadelphia 40
Table II. Data on 13 selected sites 45Philadelphia
Table III. Philadelphia, Commission, 1934,City Planning
social data 47survey
4. Detroit 47
5. Cleveland 49
Social conditions in a slum section with thecompared
entire 51city
6. St. Louis 52
7. Baltimore 53
8. Boston 55
A series of 55housing surveys
Median rentals under $30 57
rateText table: annual infant 1,000Average mortality per
live 1930 and 1931 57births,
casesText table: annual tuberculosis 100,000Average per
58in 1930 and 1931population
death rateText table: annual perAverage
in 1930 and 1931100,000 population
1930 and 1931__ 58Text table: Juvenile delinquency,
1930 and 1931__ 58Text Young delinquents,
fromfamilies reliefText table: Percent receiving depart-
ment of welfare 59public
of various districts.Text table: of costs to 60city,Comparison
609. Pittsburgh
_1934_ 62Text table: Condition of Pittsburgh,buildings,
6210. Milwaukee
6411. Minneapolis
12. 65New Orleans
New 1934_.of Orleans, 66Text table: Condition living units,CONTENTS V
II. conditions in various cities Continued PagePART largeHousing
Cincinnati 6613.
Text table: Data on tracts 2 and 3 with Cin-compared
cinnati 68average
14. 69Indianapolis
Text table: Profit and loss statement 73
7315. Dayton
PART III. conditions shown in the real ofproperty inventoryHousing
751934
of 77Purpose survey
on 64 cities 78Data
Useful economic life of of 79Text table: types buildings
conditions disclosed realTable IV: property inventoryHousing by
in 64 1934 80taken American cities,
PART conditions in the rest of the 89IV. Housing country
of the California Commission of and _ 91Housing.Reports Immigration
92Delaware
1 92Delaware State 932Housing Commission,
_._ 92The Delaware State Board of Housing
93New Jersey
New State 93Jersey Housing Authority
94Text table: Real data on 40 Newproperty Jersey municipalities.
inText Facts 9 cities New 95regarding
Farm 96housing survey
Table V: Farm 97housing survey
PART V. of the need 99Impossibility meeting through private enterprise
1
. Private for 101enterprise profit
2. Limited dividend 103housing companies
Text table: in the United States withHousing
limited 106voluntarily profits
3. Distribution of income in the United States 107family
Table VI: The number and income of families incomeby
1929 _ 109classes,
4. Other solutionsproposed 110
Part VI. Beneficial results of slum clearance and 111rehousing
_Liverpool 114
Shefiield 116
The 117Hague
118Glasgow
Conclusions 121
APPENDIX. Partial list of in the United States 123housing surveys
United States Government 123reports
State on conditions 124reports housing
Local on conditions. _ 124ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Page
I. forDesign Living? Frontispiece
tenantsII. Careful and careless 6Facing
1. Over-crowded basement home.Fig.
2.Fig. Discouraged.
III. Worn-out PI. IVhousing Facing
1. More than for demolition.Fig. ripe
2. Loft altered for residence of mother and children.Fig. eight
3. DeterioratedFig. neighborhood.
IV. Fire and other substandard PI. Illtraps dwellings Facing
1. tenement.Fig. Fire-trap
2 and 3. Two characteristic of substandardFigs. types
dwelling.
V. for in the South 7Housing Negroes Facing
1. A common of forFig. type housing Negroes.
2. Rear of slums.Fig. yard Negro
VI. of and misdemeanant cases in Man-Spot map juvenile delinquency
hattan in reduced from "The Slum and Crime"-. 331930, Facing
VII. slums 52Metropolitan
1. Basement home.Fig.
2. Shared cellar toilet.Fig.
3. Tall facades with dark rooms behind them.Fig.
VIII. homes and four interiors PI. IXAlley Facing
1. born.Fig. Foreign
2. Native born.Fig.
3. homes.Fig. Alley
4. roof.Fig. Leaking
5. modern.Fig. Partly
PI.IX. Run-down urban built too close VIIIhousing together Facing
X. and lack of sanitation 53Dilapidation, darkness, Facing
1.Fig. Dilapidation.
flash-2. Six-foot windowless bedroomFig. photographed by
light.
water3. Out-door toilet and out-doorFig. supply.
- 89XL unsound FacingStructurally
TEXT FIGURES
in1. of 12of Rates delinquency ChicagoMap Chicago. juvenile
economic drain. _2. Census of Areas of 71greatesttracts, City Indianapolis.
VI