Social relationships in zoo-living bonobos, Pan paniscus [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Stefanie Eva Kießling

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Informations

• Publié par: universitat_ulm
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 15
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Institut für Neurobiologie
Universität Ulm



Social relationships in zoo-living bonobos,
Pan paniscus



Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. der Fakultät für
Naturwissenschaften der Universität Ulm


vorgelegt von
Stefanie Eva Kießling
aus Augsburg

Ulm 2008












Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dieter Spindler


Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Günter Ehret

Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Harald Wolf



Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 10.07.2008








Die Arbeit wurde finanziell gefördert durch ein Promotionsstipendium des Evangelischen
Studienwerkes e.V. Villigst.

Front cover: Bonobo female Bonnie, Cologne Zoo (drawing by Dorothee Claßen)


Impressions of the bonobo group in Frankfurt
(drawing by Alexander Rebik, 2003)

Table of contents
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Social relationships .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Primate social systems ..................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Fission-fusion societies ....................................................................................................4
1.4 The bonobo, Pan paniscus ............................................................................................... 6
Distribution and feeding ecology ....................................................................................... 6
Grouping patterns and social behaviour............................................................................. 7
1.5 Aim of the study............................................................................................................. 14

2. Animals and Methods ........................................................................................................ 16
2.1 Animals and keeping conditions .................................................................................... 16
a) Frankfurt....................................................................................................................... 16
b) Planckendael ................................................................................................................ 17
c) Cologne ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.2 Data collection................................................................................................................ 19
2.3 Ethogram..... 20
2.4 Data analysis .................................................................................................................. 22
2.5 Statistics ......................................................................................................................... 25

3. Results............ 26
3.1 Interactive behaviour...................................................................................................... 26
3.1.1 Categories of interactive behaviour......................................................................... 29
3.1.2 Age-sex class specific patterns................................................................................ 31
Interactive behaviour.................................................................................................... 32
a) Frankfurt............................................................................................................... 32
b) Planckendael ........................................................................................................ 32
c) Cologne ................................................................................................................ 33
Physical contact............................................................................................................ 34
a) Frankfurt 34
Infants disengagement.......................................................................................... 35
b) Planckendael 36
c) Cologne 36
Overall picture.............................................................................................................. 37
3.1.3 Specific aspects of the social network..................................................................... 39
Agonistic behaviours.................................................................................................... 39
a) Frankfurt 39
b) Planckendael ........................................................................................................ 40
c) Cologne ................................................................................................................ 42
Allogrooming behaviour .............................................................................................. 43
a) Frankfurt............................................................................................................... 43
b) Planckendael 45
c) Cologne 47
Sexual contacts............................................................................................................. 49
a) Frankfurt 49
b) Planckendael 50
c) Cologne 51
Overall picture.............................................................................................................. 51
3.2 Spatial behaviour............................................................................................................ 55
3.2.1 Categories of spatial proximity ............................................................................... 56
3.2.2 Individual differences.............................................................................................. 57
ITable of contents
a) Frankfurt................................................................................................................... 57
b) Planckendael ............................................................................................................ 58
c) Cologne .................................................................................................................... 59
Overall picture.............................................................................................................. 60
3.2.3 Hierarchical cluster analysis.................................................................................... 61
3.3 Activity budget... 63
3.4 Artificial fission-fusion conditions................................................................................. 65

4. Discussion............................................................................................................................ 71
4.1 Methodological restrictions and effects of captivity ...................................................... 71
4.2 Results........ 73
4.2.1 Patterns of social relationships................................................................................ 73
4.2.2 Comparison of keeping conditions.......................................................................... 79
4.2.3 Influence of artificial fission-fusion conditions 80
4.3 General conclusions ....................................................................................................... 84

5. Summary............................................................................................................................. 87

6. Zusammenfassung..............................................................................................................89

7. References ........................................................................................................................... 91

8. Appendix ........................................................................................................................... 100

Danksagung........................................................................................................................... 105

Curriculum vitae .................................................................................................................. 106

Eidesstattliche Erklärung.................................................................................................... 107
IIIntroduction

1. Introduction

Primates belong to the most social of all mammals (Dunbar, 1988). Most primate social
systems are considerably diverse and complex and many primate species form various kinds
of long-term social relationships (Cheney et al., 1987).
This study investigates aspects of the social relationships of bonobos (Pan paniscus).
Bonobos are still the least studied of the great apes (Stanford, 1998). They live in complex
fission-fusion social systems in the wild (Kano, 1992) with their social lives being shaped by
flexible grouping patterns. Only a few studies exist with regard to patterns and proximate
causes of the observed grouping patterns in free-ranging bonobos, basically referring to
ecological pressures (Kuroda, 1979; White, 1988; Hohmann & Fruth, 2002).
Zoo-living bonobos are ma