Space-related resource investments and gains of adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) as a quantification of aboveground competitiveness [Elektronische Ressource] / Ilja Marco Reiter

Nunn

Informations

• Publié par: technische_universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

Extrait

Lehrstuhl für Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen -
Ecophysiology of Plants


Space-related resource investments and gains of adult
beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) as a
quantification of aboveground competitiveness

Ilja Marco Reiter



Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für
Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung
des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigten
Dissertation.


Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Reinhard Schopf
Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rainer Matyssek
2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Johannes Schnyder
3. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfram Beyschlag,
Universität Bielefeld


Die Dissertation wurde am 05.10.2004 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht
und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung
und Umwelt am 29.10.2004 angenommen.ii
iii

iv
• Table of contents
• Summary (eng.)..........................................................................................................viii
• Zusammenfassung (ger.) .............................................................................................xi
• Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................xiv
1 Background and Concept ........................................................... 1
1.1 General introduction .................................................................................. 2
1.2 How can responses to resources abundance be quantified ?................... 3
1.3 Aim of the study......................................................................................... 4
1.4 Experimental design and project structure ................................................ 5
1.5 Structure of thesis...................................................................................... 6
1.6 Site description.......................................................................................... 7
1.7 Study trees and study branches ................................................................ 9
1.8 Description of species ............................................................................. 12
1.8.1 Picea abies [L.] KARST. .................................................................... 12
1.8.2 Fagus sylvatica L............................................................................... 13
2 Space related resource gain and investments........................ 17
2.1 Foliage.................................................................................................... 18
2.1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................. 18
2.1.2 Material and Methods .............................................................................. 20
2.1.2.1 Efficiencies of resource investment and gain .................................... 20
2.1.2.2 Assessment of foliated crown volume ............................................... 21
2.1.2.3 Foliage biomass and surface area:.................................................... 21
2.1.2.4 Fraction of sequestered crown space in the canopy ......................... 23
2.1.2.5 Gas exchange.................................................................................... 23
2.1.2.6 Microclimate....................................................................................... 25
2.1.2.7 Data processing................................................................................. 27
2.1.3 Results..................................................................................................... 28
2.1.3.1 Foliar space sequestration................................................................. 28
2.1.3.2 Foliar space exploitation.................................................................... 31
2.1.3.3 Foliar ‘running cost’ for space............................................................ 32
2.1.3.4 Foliar carbon balance ........................................................................ 32
2.1.4 Discussion ............................................................................................... 35
2.1.4.1 Foliar space sequestration................................................................. 35
2.1.4.2 Foliar space exploitation.................................................................... 36
2.1.4.3 Foliar ‘Running costs’ for space......................................................... 37
2.1.4.4 Foliar carbon balance ........................................................................ 37
2.2 Axes........................................................................................................ 39
2.2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................. 39
2.2.2 Material and Methods .............................................................................. 42
2.2.2.1 Biomass............................................................................................. 42
2.2.2.2 Branch surface area .......................................................................... 43
2.2.2.3 Respiration measurements on branches........................................... 43
2.2.2.4 Branch and stem temperature ........................................................... 45
2.2.2.5 Scaling of branch respiration rates .................................................... 45
2.2.2.6 Data processing and statistical evaluation......................................... 46
2.2.3 Results..................................................................................................... 49
2.2.3.1 Space sequestration by woody branch axes ..................................... 49
2.2.3.2 Respiratory costs of woody branch axes for crown space................. 52
v

2.2.4 Discussion............................................................................................... 55
2.2.4.1 Space sequestration by woody branch axes..................................... 55
2.2.4.2 Respiration of woody branch axes .................................................... 57
2.3 Synthesis across foliage and axes...................................................... 60
2.3.1 Space sequestration in foliage and axes................................................. 60
2.3.2 Annual respiratory costs of foliage and axes........................................... 63
2.3.3 Annual carbon balance of branches........................................................ 65
2.3.3.1 Carbon partitioning in study branches............................................... 65
2.3.3.2 Carbon balance of study branches as dependent of light ................. 67
2.3.3.3 Carbon balance of branches scaled to the stand level...................... 69
2.3.3.4 Discussion ......................................................................................... 72
3 Disturbance of space-related investments and gains.............81
3.1 ‘Direct interaction’ of tree crowns and self-pruning ............................................. 82
3.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 82
3.1.2 Methods ........................................................................................................ 82
3.1.3 Results .......................................................................................................... 82
3.1.4 Discussion..................................................................................................... 89
3.2 Response to elevated ozone ................................................................................ 92
3.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 92
3.2.2 Methods ........................................................................................................ 92
3.2.2.1 ‘Free-air’ ozone fumigation system ........................................................... 92
3.2.2.2 Autumnal senescence............................................................................... 94
3.2.3 Results and Discussion................................................................................. 95
3.2.3.1 Autumnal senescence, leaf abscission ..................................................... 95
3.2.3.2 CO gas exchange .................................................................................... 96 2
3.2.3.3 Branch allometry ....................................................................................... 97
4 Comparative analysis of space-related concepts ...................99
4.1 Comparative analyses of volume........................................................................ 100
4.1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 100
4.1.2 Selected geometric models......................................................................... 100
4.1.3 Integration of measured and modelled space-related datasets .................. 108
4.1.4 Comparison of space-related results through
allometric relationships.........................