Study of Surface Modified Silicon Nanoparticles for Printable Optoelectronics [Elektronische Ressource] / Anoop Gupta. Gutachter: Kortshagen Uwe. Betreuer: Schulz Christof
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English

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Study of Surface Modified Silicon Nanoparticles for Printable Optoelectronics [Elektronische Ressource] / Anoop Gupta. Gutachter: Kortshagen Uwe. Betreuer: Schulz Christof

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Publié par
Publié le 01 janvier 2011
Nombre de lectures 15
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 8 Mo

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Study of Surface Modified Silicon Nanoparticles for
Printable Optoelectronics



Von der Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Abteilung Maschinenbau und
Verfahrenstechnik der
Universität Duisburg-Essen
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades


DOKTOR-INGENIEUR

genehmigte Dissertation

von

Anoop Gupta
aus
Kanpur, India


Gutachter: Prof. Dr. rer.-nat. Christof Schulz/ Prof. Dr. Uwe Kortshagen

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27.06.2011






Dedicated to the research community













The process of scientific discovery is, in effect, a continual flight from wonder.
- Albert Einstein
Acknowledgements
Four years ago, I started a journey in the fascinating and colorful world of nano silicon. It was
the most memorable and exciting endeavor in my research career. This journey would not have
been possible without the support of my supervisors, Prof. Christof Schulz and Dr. Hartmut
Wiggers. I would like to give my sincere thanks to them for providing me the chance to do a
Ph.D in their research group. Their contribution is invaluable. They assist me in all possible ways
to mature myself not only scientifically but also professionally. They always encouraged me to
present my work in various conferences around the world and to do collaborative research with
other groups. These opportunities helped me to understand the current state-of-the-art and
availed me with technical advances.
When I started, I knew almost nothing about silicon nanoparticles. At that time if some-
one asked me “why silicon nanoparticles are interesting”: I could only answer- because it will
give me a Ph.D degree. Well, in order to avoid this answer, I started to learn about it from papers
and books. Also, I started to collaborate and discuss with people to learn from their experience
and generate new ideas. I give my special thanks to Prof. Mark T. Swihart (University at Buffalo,
USA) for giving me an opportunity to work in his research group for two months. I gained a lot
of hands-on experience on silicon nanoparticles while working there. I am thankful to Prof. Mar-
kus Winterer, Prof. Axel Lorke and Prof. Michael Farle in our university for allowing me to do
the characterization of particles in their labs. I also thank Prof. Carola Kryschi (Friedrich-
Alexander-University Erlangen, Germany) and Prof. Ulrich Simon (RWTH Aachen University,
Germany) for giving me an opportunity to do some experiments in their labs.
Although four years have passed, I still feel that it was just yesterday when I started my
Ph.D. That is because I had such a great time with my wonderful colleagues and friends in Duis-
burg. Sonja- It was really fun doing crazy things like taking funny pictures and celebrating April
fool with you. You tried to teach me German but finally you learned Hindi . Ashrina, Helge,
Nils and Malin– It was great listening your stories about “Tiger”. Ali- Thanks for being so kind
and helping me with everything (writing letters in German, solving computer problems….well, it
is a long list ). Khadijeh- Thanks for being so nice and helpful. It still makes me smile when I
remember my discussion with you and Ali about “How evolution will change humans in future”.
Ruzica- You are the person, whom I always see first in a conference. Thanks for being so recog-
nizable. I never felt that I went to a wrong venue . Oliver- It was really great to discuss with
you about everything under (and in) the sky. Alessandro- Thanks for showing me beautiful Ve-
nice and the traditional graduate ceremony in your formal university. Robert- I can´t forget our
funny and innovative discussion about the “Ink-jet printing technology” that we had after the
workshop in Erlangen. Sebastian- It was a nice experience to supervise your bachelor thesis.
Hans- Thanks for helping me with the Glove box connection. Ingo- Thanks for being so friendly
and always helpful. Pascal- Thanks for teaching me synthesis and helping me to buy stuffs for
my apartment. Barbara (Graft) and Barbara (Nota) - Thanks for helping me with all the admin-
istrative work. Natascha and Beate- Thanks for being so nice and helpful with every little thing.
Dieter- Thanks for all your lab security seminars and uploading the TEM video. Tim- Thanks for
giving the memorable ride from Boston to New York. Ahmed- It was nice to crack jokes with
you, Oliver and Alessandro after our lunch breaks. Klemens- Thank you for leaving your plasma
reactor for us. Beril (aka Berelium)- It was really great (also tiring ) to do TEM of your series
of samples. I still have those funny pictures of nanoparticles, which were nano but not nanopar-
ticles.
There were also other people outside my group who directly or indirectly contributed in
my research. I am thankful to Ralf and Marina (for helping with HR-TEM), Andreas (for teach-
ing me FTIR), Jens and Matthias (for helping with PL measurement), Ryan (for proving QY da-
ta), Horst (for teaching me TEM), Andre (for providing EPR data) and Folarin (for helping me
with my experiments at the University at Buffalo).
Worth mentioning names of my friends, Moazzam and Rehan for all those chilled and re-
laxed evenings. It was fun to discuss our special topics without ever reaching any conclusions.
Gautam- Thanks for pushing me to think a short title for my thesis and all the useful discussions
we had. Sanjeev- I thank you for motivating me when I was struggling in the lab with my expe-
riments. Sanjubala- Thanks for tolerating us for never ending discussions on physics in your of-
fice. Erdal- Thanks for being so helpful with everything. Kartik- Thanks for your help in patient-
ly reading and editing my thesis. Martin- Thanks for helping me to improve my German.
Though, it was always hectic and we could barely manage to practice it. Ahmed Khalil- It was
great to work with you in collaboration. I remember those days in Hongkong when we were des-
perately searching for palatable food. Udo- I always took a chance to pass by your office to see
your cheerful face.
Deepti- I really enjoyed your wonderful surprises on my birthdays. Reeta- Thanks for
pushing me so hard with my thesis writing and taking some time to read it. It was always fun to
argue with you on “Animal Conservation” topic . Mummy and Papa- Thanks for all your con-
stant support and encouragements. Swati and Arun- Thank you for your affection and support.
Sangeeta- Thanks for all the funny and relaxing conversations. I hope one day you will be able to
convince me to give you a Solitaire.
Hartmut, Ingo and Sonja- Thank you for coming to India to attend my marriage. It is a
wonderful memory that we will always cherish .
Last but not least, I would like to thank silicon nanoparticles for allowing me to explore
some of their behavior .
“Nanoparticles are really smart”- I lived four years with silicon nanoparticles but I still
did not understand them. It’s still a long way to go……

Table of contents

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1
2 State of the art ......................................................................................................................... 4
3 Methodologies......................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Synthesis........................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 Microwave plasma synthesis of Si-NPs .................................................................... 9
3.1.1.1 Background ........................................................................................................ 9
3.1.1.2 Experimental details ........................................................................................ 11
3.1.2 Etching of Si-NPs ................................................................................................... 11
3.1.2.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 11
3.1.2.2 Experimental details 14
3.1.3 Surface functionalization of Si-NPs ........................................................................ 14
3.1.3.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 14
3.1.3.2 Experimental details ........................................................................................ 16
3.1.4 Ink-jet printing of Si-NPs........................................................................................ 17
3.1.4.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 17
3.1.4.2 Experimental details 18
3.2 Characterization ............................................................................................................. 19
3.2.1 X-ray diffraction (XRD) ......................................................................................... 19
3.2.1.1 Background .................................................................................................

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