Taxonomy and systematics of nonmarine Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous ostracods [Elektronische Ressource] : their phylogeny and application to biostratigraphy with emphasis on the Early Cretaceous of the North American Western Interior foreland basin = Taxonomie und Systematik nichtmariner Ostrakoden des Oberjura und der Unterkreide : ihre Phylogenie und biostratigraphische Anwendung mit Hauptaugenmerk auf die Unterkreide des nordamerikanischen Western-Interior-Vorlandbeckens / Benjamin Sames

Goofy

Informations

• Publié par: freie_universitat_berlin
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 14
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

Extrait

Taxonomy and systematics of nonmarine
Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous ostracods:
their phylogeny and application to biostratigraphy with emphasis on the
Early Cretaceous of the North American Western Interior foreland basin


Taxonomie und Systematik nichtmariner
Ostrakoden des Oberjura und der Unterkreide:
Ihre Phylogenie und biostratigraphische Anwendung mit Hauptaugenmerk auf die
Unterkreide des nordamerikanischen Western Interior Vorlandbeckens


───


Dipl.-Geol. Benjamin Sames




Dissertation



for the degree Doctor of Science in Geology and Palaeontolgoy,
presented at the Department of Geosciences, Freie Universität Berlin


für die Promotion zum Doktor rer. nat. in Geologie und Paläontologie,
vorgelegt am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin











Berlin, September 2009

























Date of defense of the thesis/
Tag der Disputation: 07. 12. 2009


First Referee (Erstgutachter): Prof. Dr. Michael E. Schudack

Freie Universität Berlin
Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften
Fachrichtung Paläontologie
Malteserstrasse 74-100, Haus D
12249 Berlin
Germany


Second Referee (Zweitgutachter): Dr. David J. Horne

School of Geography
Queen Mary, University of London
Mile End Road
London E1 4NS
United Kingdom












Dedicated to my parents,
whose skills and enthusiasm for scientific discourse
have guided my journey.




Meinen Eltern gewidmet,
die mir die Fähigkeit und die Begeisterung für den wissenschaftlichen
Diskurs mitgegeben haben. Declaration of Authenticity


I hereby certify sole authorship of the thesis “Taxonomy and systematics of nonmarine Late Jurassic
and Early Cretaceous ostracods: their phylogeny and application to biostratigraphy with emphasis on
the Early Cretaceous of the North American Western Interior foreland basin” as submitted to the
Department of Earth Sciences of the “Freie Universität Berlin” for the conferral of a doctorate, and
that no sources other than those indicated have been used in its preparation. Parts of this thesis that
have been drawn on the work of others with regard to contents or by literal quotation have been
appropriately marked through indication of source. Where any collaboration has taken place with other
researchers, I have clearly stated my own personal share in the investigation.

This work in the same or a similar form has not been submitted to any other examining body.






Erklärung zur Originalität (Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung)


Hiermit versichere ich an Eides statt, dass ich die der Fachrichtung Geowissenschaften der Freien
Universität Berlin zur Promotion eingereichte Arbeit „Taxonomie und Systematik nichtmariner
Ostrakoden des Oberjura und der Unterkreide: Ihre Phylogenie und biostratigraphische Anwendung
mit Hauptaugenmerk auf die Unterkreide des nordamerikanischen Western Interior Vorlandbeckens“
selbstständig verfaßt und keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel verwendet habe. Teile der
vorliegenden Arbeit, die anderen Werken wörtlich oder inhaltlich entnommen sind, wurden durch
Angaben der Quellen gekennzeichnet. In allen Fällen einer Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Forschenden
habe ich meinen persönlichen Arbeitsanteil klar dargestellt.

Diese Arbeit wurde in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form noch keiner Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt.






Wien, den 10.09.2009

Benjamin Sames










































Disclaimer

All not yet published manuscripts herein are preprints produced only for the public examination of the
doctoral thesis of which the papers are part. Parts and content of these might be object to change
within the scope of the review process. All rights are reserved by the author(s).



Taxonomic Disclaimer

This doctoral thesis is produced for the purpose of a public examination only. Systematic names
introduced or nomenclatural acts herein will not become available until they are going to be formally
published within the meaning of the valid International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN
(Article 8.3.).
Abstract

Extended Abstract


Taxonomy and systematics of nonmarine Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous
ostracods: their phylogeny and application to biostratigraphy with emphasis on the
Lower Cretaceous of the North American Western Interior foreland basin

The taxonomic revision of some important nonmarine ostracod groups with emphasis on selected taxa
from Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Western Interior foreland basin (Lakota Formation, South
Dakota and Wyoming, and Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah) conducted from the perspective of
application, resulted in a breakthrough in the consideration of their utility. Inconsistent taxonomy was
determined to have been the main reason hampering their application. The understanding and
verification that the Early Cretaceous nonmarine ostracods of North America are not as endemic as
erstwhile believed in combination with an upgraded taxonomic concept, is the key to their successful
multifaceted application and the interpretation of their paleobiology, evolution, paleobiogeography, and
paleoecology. The results of the revision signify considerable progress in the taxonomy and systematics
of these ostracod groups, the supraregional correlation and Early Cretaceous North American
biostratigraphy based on their representatives, and the assessment of the further application potential of
the latter in the foreland basin.
Representatives of the genus Theriosynoecum Branson 1936 of the Subfamily Timiriaseviinae
(extant, Cytheroidea) and the genus Cypridea Bosquet 1852 of the Family Cyprideidae (extinct,
Cypridoidea) are important taxa in nonmarine Lower Cretaceous deposits of the world, which have
great regional utility in biostratigraphy. As to representatives of Theriosynoecum, this also applies to the
Upper Jurassic.
With respect to the Timiriaseviinae, the species Theriosynoecum forbesii (Jones 1885) and
T. verrucosa (Jones 1885) are considered separate and not subspecies of T. forbesii. Theriosynoecum verrucosa
occurs in the uppermost Morrison Formation of the southern Black Hills margin (South Dakota,
U.S.A.), T. fittoni (Mantell 1844) in the Lakota Formation of the southern and eastern Black Hills margin
(South Dakota), and T. pahasapensis (Roth 1933) in the Lakota Formation of the eastern Black Hills
margin. The latter is, to the present state of knowledge, endemic to North America. It is proposed to
consider and test whether Theriosynoecum fittoni (Mantell 1844) and T. alleni (Pinto and Sanguinetti 1962)
are synonymous because of their many striking similarities. Fossil representatives of several genera of
the Timiriaseviinae (Theriosynoecum, Metacypris, Cytheridella, Timiriasevia) are well distinguishable by their
carapace characters. Aptian–Albian taxa of the extinct genus Theriosynoecum are clearly distinct from
contemporaneus ones of Metacypris Brady and Robertson 1870.
The emended Family Cyprideidae Martin 1940 includes the genera Bisulcocypridea Sohn 1969,
Cypridea, Mongolocypris Szczechura 1978, Paracypridea Swain 1946, and Praecypridea gen. nov.
Representatives of Praecypridea gen. nov. have been described from the Middle to Upper Jurassic of
Europe, North America and Africa, and are considered ancestral to Cypridea. As to the North American
Lower Cretaceous representatives, the genus Longispinella Sohn 1979 is now considered a subgenus of
Cypridea. Cypridea (Guangdongia) Guan 1978 is allocated to Bisulcocypridea. Cypridea (Ulwellia) (Anderson
1939) is rejected, and Cypridea (Sebastianites) Krömmelbein 1962 and Cypridea (Yumenia) Hou 1958
questioned to belong to the Cyprideidae. With regard to the subgeneric taxonomy, the North American
species Cypridea (Pseudocypridina) inornata (Peck 1951) is now considered a junior synonym of Cypridea (P.)
setina (Anderson 1939), Cypridea (P.) laeli Sohn 1979 considered an ecophenotype of Cypridea (P.)
piedmonti (Roth 1933), and Cypridea (Longispinella) asymmetrica Sohn 1979 designated synonymous (sexual
dimorph) to C. (L.) longispina Peck 1941. Cypridea? minuta (Peck 1951) most probably represents an early
representative of Bisulcocypridea Sohn. Sexual dimorphism is presumed in several species of Cypridea and
mixed reproduction is corroborated to be the most likely reproductive mechanism among taxa of this
genus with according consequences