FINAL REPORT OF A MISSION CARRIED OUT IN SWEDEN FROM 12 11 2001 IN  ORDER TO AUDIT THE PLANT HEALTH
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FINAL REPORT OF A MISSION CARRIED OUT IN SWEDEN FROM 12 11 2001 IN ORDER TO AUDIT THE PLANT HEALTH

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EUROPEAN COMMISSIONHEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERALDirectorate F - Food and Veterinary OfficeDG(SANCO)/3406/2001 – MR finalFINAL REPORT OF A MISSIONCARRIED OUT IN SWEDENFROM 12/11/2001 TO 16/11/2001IN ORDER TO AUDIT THE PLANT HEALTH SYSTEMIN THE POTATO SECTORPlease note that factual errors in the draft report have been corrected in bold; italictype.07/05/02 - 42465TABLE OF CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................42. MISSION DETAILS...................................................................................................43. OBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION .............................................................................44. LEGAL BASIS FOR THE MISSION.........................................................................55. BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................55.1. Previous missions to Sweden concerning potatoes ...........................................55.2. Importance of potato production in Sweden......................................................55.3. Potato trade in Sweden ......................................................................................66. MAIN FINDINGS.......................................................................................................66.1. Plant health system in Sweden ...................................... ...

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Directorate F - Food and Veterinary Office
DG(SANCO)/3406/2001 – MR final
FINAL REPORT OF A MISSION CARRIED OUT IN SWEDEN FROM 12/11/2001 TO 16/11/2001 IN ORDER TO AUDIT THE PLANT HEALTH SYSTEM IN THE POTATO SECTOR
Please note that factual errors in the draft report have been corrected in bold; italic type.
07/05/02 - 42465
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 4
MISSION DETAILS ................................................................................................... 4
OBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION ............................................................................. 4
LEGAL BASIS FOR THE MISSION......................................................................... 5
BACKGROUND......................................................................................................... 5 5.1. Previous missions to Sweden concerning potatoes ........................................... 5 5.2. Importance of potato production in Sweden...................................................... 5 5.3. Potato trade in Sweden ...................................................................................... 6
MAIN FINDINGS....................................................................................................... 6 6.1. Plant health system in Sweden .......................................................................... 6 6.1.1. Structure of the plant health system .................................................... 6 6.1.2. Human and financial resources............................................................ 7 6.1.3. Work planning and assessment of the institution’s work .................... 8 6.1.4. Transposition and enforcement of legislation ..................................... 9 6.1.5. Contingency plans ............................................................................... 9 6.2.SeedpotatoesinSweden.................................................................................10 6.2.1. Holding of genetic material ............................................................... 10 6.2.2. Multiplication and certification of seed............................................. 10 6.2.3. Plant health in the genetic material and seed production .................. 11 6.3. Potatoes other than seed in Sweden................................................................. 15 6.3.1. Production methods for potatoes in Sweden ..................................... 15 6.3.2. Situation of specific quarantine pests ................................................ 15 6.3.3. Marketing and processing of potatoes other than seed...................... 19 6.4. Inspection of potatoes introduced from other Member States and imported potatoes ............................................................................................ 20 6.4.1. Potatoes introduced from other Member States ................................ 20 6.4.2. Imports from Third Countries............................................................ 21 6.5. Laboratories ..................................................................................................... 21
CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 22 7.1. Plant health system in Sweden ........................................................................ 22 2
7.2. Seed potatoes ................................................................................................... 22 7.3.Potatoesotherthanseed..................................................................................23 7.4.Laboratoryanalysis.........................................................................................23 8. OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................. 24 9. CLOSING MEETING............................................................................................... 24 10.RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................................24 11. ADDENDUM............................................................................................................ 25
ABBREVIATIONS & SPECIAL TERMS USED IN THE REPORT EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation EU European Union FVO Food and Veterinary Office of the European Commission INSV Impatiens necrotic spot virus MoA Ministry of Agriculture PCN Potato Cyst Nematodes PPS Plant Protection Service SCB Statistika Centralbyrån (Statistics Sweden) SE Sweden SEK Swedish Kronor SJV Jordbruks Verket SLU Alnarp Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet Alnarp (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – Alnarp) SMAK AB Svensk Matpotatiskontroll AB (Swedish table potato control agency Ltd.) SUK Statens Utsädeskontrol (Seed Testing and Certification Institute) TSWV Tomato spotted wilt virus
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1. INTRODUCTION The mission to Sweden (SE) was the thirteenth of a series of inspections to all Member States to audit the plant health system in the potato sector. A pre-mission questionnaire was sent to the Swedish plant protection authorities in advance of the mission. The answers to this questionnaire provided an overview of the plant health system in the potato sector and of the general health status of the potato production in Sweden.
2. MISSION DETAILS The mission took place in Sweden from 12/11/2001 to 16/11/2001. The mission team comprised 2 inspectors from the Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) and 1 Member State expert. The mission was undertaken as part of the FVO’s planned mission programme. The inspection team was accompanied during the whole mission by two representatives from the central competent authority, Jordbruks Verket (SJV) -Växtinspektionen (Swedish Board of Agriculture - Plant Protection Service). An opening meeting was held on 12 November 2001 in Jönköping with the central competent authority. At this meeting, the objectives of, and itinerary for, the mission were confirmed by the inspection team. The following sites were visited: COMPETENT AUTHORITY VISITSComments Competent authority Central 2 SJV Jönköping + SUK Svalöv Regional 2 SJV Alnarp + County Board of Halland in Halmstad Local 1 SJV Helsinborg LABORATORY VISITSComments Central 1 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences-Nematology group PLANT HEALTH CONTROL SITESComments Potato growers with ring rot 2 outbreaks Potato storages, packing/sorting 4 stations, processing factories Wholesaler1 Other sites: Breeding company 1
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE MISSION The objectives of the mission were to assess 1) The performance of the various bodies involved in the national plant health system with reference to the potato sector, and 4
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2) The implementation of the relevant EU legislation in this area.
LEGAL BASIS FOR THE MISSION The mission was carried out under the mandate of Article 21 of Council Directive 2000/29/EC1and relevant technical provisions of this Directive. In addition, the following legislation was of particular relevance for this mission: - Council Directive 69/464/EEC2on the control of potato wart disease, - Council Directive 69/465/EEC3on the control of potato cyst eelworm, - Council Directive 93/85/EEC4on the control of potato ring rot, - Council Directive 98/57/EC5on the control ofRalstonia solanacearum, - Commission Directive 93/50/EEC6on the registration of producers, warehouses and dispatching centres.
BACKGROUND Regarding statistical data in this and following chapters, if no reference is given in the text, the figures were provided by the Swedish authorities in the pre-mission questionnaire (Source: Statistics Sweden, SCB) or during the mission. 5.1. Previous missions to Sweden concerning potatoes There have been no potato-related missions to Sweden since 1997. In 1996, a mission was carried out in order to evaluate the ring rot situation. The control measures were judged as adequate. It was recommended to optimise the laboratory testing methods in accordance with Directive 93/85/EEC. A follow-up mission was undertaken in 1997 during which it was noted that the discrepancies observed in 1996 had been corrected and the application of Directive 93/85/EEC was satisfactory. 5.2. Importance of potato production in Sweden In 1999, potato production represented 0.6% of Sweden’s total agricultural production and 4.9% (1.5 billion SEK) of the total plant production. Sweden’s total area of arable land amounts to about 3 million ha (7.5% of the total land area).
1OJ No. L 169, 10.7.2000, p.1 2OJ No. L 323, 24.12.1969, p.1 3OJ No. L 323, 24.12.1969, p.3 4OJ No. L 259, 18.10.1993, p.1 5OJ No. L 235, 21.8.1998, p.1 6OJ No. L 205, 17.8.1993, p.22
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In 2000, ware potatoes were grown on around 23,600 ha, industrial potatoes on nearly 9,000 ha and potatoes intended for seed production on a little over 2,000 ha: 59 ha pre-basic seeds, 852 ha basic seeds and 1,151 ha certified seeds. The total corresponding production was 654,400 t ware potatoes, 325,700 t industrial potatoes and 25,885 t seed potatoes (respectively 502 t, 4,974 t and 20,410 t for each seed category). 5.3. Potato trade in Sweden Table 1: Sweden’s potato imports and exports between 1998 and 2000 (tons) 1998 1999 2000 Seed Other than seed Seed Other than seed Seed Other than seed Introduction from EU 1,6 25,235 906 48,010 4,2 43,818 Imports from non EU 0 67 0 1,104 0 724 Trade to other EU 11 645 519 2,512 607 2,300 Member States Exports to non EU 125 4,067 364 2,973 212 1,805 Seed potatoes were introduced mainly from the Netherlands, Denmark and the UK, whereas potatoes other than seed came mostly from Denmark, Germany, the UK and the Netherlands. The vast majority of third country imports originated in Cyprus (85% to 98%). In 2000, Swedish exports to the EU prevailed over exports to third countries. This tendency has been progressively reversed since 1998. The main Member States of destination were Finland, Denmark and Germany. The main third countries of export were Norway, Latvia and Lithuania.
6. MAIN FINDINGS 6.1. Plant health system in Sweden 6.1.1. Structure of the plant health system The Jordbruks Verket (Swedish Board of Agriculture) or SJV is the single and central authority for plant health as understood in Article 1(4) of Council Directive 2000/29/EC. SJV is a governmental agency subordinate to but not part of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). It is the MoA’s expert authority in the field of agriculture. The SJV plant protection service (PPS) deals with plant health technical questions and transposes EU legislation in the field of plant health as well as certificationof seed potatoes. The PPS headquarters are located in Jönköping. There are three regional offices (Stockholm responsible for the North and East of Sweden, Göteborg for the South-West and Alnarp for the South and South-East) and one local office in Helsinborg (part of the Alnarp regional office). The PPS receives assistance from three types of organisations: ·The County Boards (21) These are separate governmental authorities subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and responsible for the counties’ 6
administration. In the field of agriculture, they mainly manage the EU subsidies to farmers. Although not part of the SJV or MoA, the County Boards can be required by SJV regulation to help the PPS follow-up outbreaks of quarantine organisms. ·The Seed Testing and Certification Institute (SUK) This agency of the Ministry of Agriculture has the same status as SJV. It tests and certifies all types of seeds, including seed potatoes. Since SJV has the responsibility for transposing EU seed legislation, SUK’s work is partly regulated by SJV. ·AB or SMAK AB (Swedish table potatoSvensk Matpotatiskontroll control agency Ltd.) This is a private company owned by a Foundation and financed by fees paid by contracted potato warehouses. It carries out quality controls on ware and industrial potatoes before the packing of potato lots. Although SMAK AB has no obligation to inform SJV of suspected occurrence of quarantine organisms, there is a clause in the contracts between potato warehouses and SMAK AB stipulating that SMAK AB inspectors must do so. Communication between Swedish plant health organisations Apart from regular contacts by telephone, fax or e-mail, formal meetings are organised 6 to 8 times a year between PPS headquarters staff and the heads of the regional and local offices. Moreover, weekly telephone conferences are held between the central and regional PPS staff. The County Boards have to report once a year to the PPS on the follow-up of outbreaks. They do not always do so, e.g. in 2000 only 3 out of 9 County Boards reported the follow-up of potato wart disease to the PPS. SUK and SMAK AB notify the PPS in case of positive findings or suspicion of quarantine pests or diseases (see chapter 6.3.2.1. for examples). 6.1.2. Human and financial resources Human resources The PPS employs 7 persons in Jönköping, of whom one works 80% and another one 50% of their time on potato matters. An additional member of the central staff is based in Alnarp. The regions employ in total 19 inspectors: 4 in Stockholm, 3 in Göteborg, 6 in Alnarp and 6 in the local office of Helsingborg. Eight of them spend 10-15% of their time on potato quarantine issues. Employees are educated at university level. Each County Board designates one person to be responsible for potato health. The time spent on quarantine issues depends on the presence/absence of potato quarantine organisms in the County concerned. This may vary from a number of hours to a number of weeks per year. SUK employs 30-35 persons at central level and several part-time inspectors in the Counties, often sharing their time between SUK and SMAK AB. Five central staff and 16 part-time inspectors work on potato quality control and ring rot/brown rot sampling. Field inspections are carried out by central staff 7
and 1-3 part-time field inspectors. Education profiles range from agricultural schooling up to university Masters degree in agronomy. SMAK AB has around 30 employees, of whom 1 is a quality manager and 2 are support staff, the rest being inspectors. All inspectors trained in agriculture, some at university level. There is no inspector’s manual as such. In fact, the headquarters of PPS provide technical instructions (e.g. on ring rot, wood packing material, nursery checks) to their plant health inspectors and revise them as necessary. The PPS staff receive technical training on plant health matters on anad hoc basis. Examples of training subjects include inspection methodology, identification of wood types, EPPO workshops. County Boards staff do not receive regular training on plant quarantine issues. SUK trains its employees as well as those of SMAK AB every year on field inspections and tuber quality control. New SMAK AB inspectors also receive a one-week introduction course at their head office. Management training, such as training in leadership, is available to PPS staff (central and regions heads) and is provided by SJV. Financial resources The work carried out by the PPS is funded partly by the Swedish government for the monitoring and control of quarantine organisms (emergency funds) and the general administration as well as by farmers’ and traders’ registration fees. The government emergency fund is used every year, in particular to finance new surveys (e.g. pine wood nematode) or eradication programmes for 1 to 2 years. In the following years, when these activities become part of the regular work, they should be funded from fees. If extra budget were necessary, a request would be addressed to the MoA. This has never happened so far. County Boards are funded from the government budget, SUK and SMAK AB by fees. 6.1.3. Work planning and assessment of the institution’s work Work planning The PPS has the overall responsibility for the work in plant health. It establishes annual work plans, with sampling details, and budgets that are reviewed during the 6-8 meetings/year between the head office staff and the heads of the regional offices. When County Boards and SUK participate in follow-up of outbreaks or sampling for quarantine diseases or pests, the planning and organisation of this work is conducted by the PPS. Assessment of the institution’s work The PPS may be audited by the Internal Audit Division of the SJV, although no regular assessment of its work is carried out. The PPS does not audit the organisations working on its behalf, or even supervise them much, particularly the County Boards. 8
The County Boards may be assessed by the Internal Audit Division of the SJV on EU subsidies handled by them, but not on plant health matters. The SUK is not assessed on its work in plant health. SMAK AB is currently working to obtain a certification according to the EU standard EN 45 011. 6.1.4. Transposition and enforcement of legislation There are three levels of legislation in Sweden: Acts adopted by the Parliament7, Ordinances adopted by the government, Regulations or Statutory Provisions adopted by other bodies. In the field of plant health, an ordinance8to SJV to transpose EU plant healthhas delegated power directives through regulations. Since staff is limited in SUK and the Plant Variety Board, SJV also issues regulations on their behalf and upon their request. However, SJV cannot control SUK’s or the Plant Variety Board’s activities, this is the responsibility of the MoA. When a new legislation has to be passed, the PPS prepares a draft text, has it checked by the legal service of the SJV and then sends it to interested parties for their comments. A second consultation may be necessary if the draft text raises many comments. The last step is the publication of the final text in the SJV official journal. With regard to legislation implementation, the PPS headquarters are responsible, amongst others, for the registration of producers and traders, the planning of quarantine organism surveys and the decision making for eradication. The PPS regional and local offices are in charge of carrying out the surveys (ring rot/brown rot, BNYVV,Leptinotarsa, TSWV) on the Swedish territory as well as inspecting imported plants and plant products at the border inspection posts. The SUK is responsible for enforcing the requirements for certification according to the seed law. They register seed potato producers. Although SMAK AB has no official responsibility, they constitute a valuable source of information for the PPS since they cut and visually control some 7,000 samples of 15 kg potatoes every year. 6.1.5. Contingency plans There are no formal contingency plans for specific diseases or pests. However, principles on outbreaks handling are described in the instructions that the inspectors receive. Furthermore, the inspection team was informed that, in case of suspicion or emergency, the PPS inspector immediately contacts the head office in Jönköping for advice.
7Plant Protection Act (SFS 1972:318) 8Statutory Order on plant protection (SFS 1995:681)
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Seed potatoes in Sweden 6.2.1. Holding of genetic material There are two gene banks in Sweden: (1) One owned by a private company in Umeå (North of Sweden) holding 63 varieties asin vitromaterial on behalf of the Nordic Gene Bank (some originating from Norway) and 49 market varieties or potential market varieties (mostly EU varieties). (2) Another one owned by the only breeding company in Sweden (South of Sweden). This gene bank contains only breeding material, no commercial varieties. 6.2.2. Multiplication and certification of seed For about 15 years, tissue culture has been the only method of production of initial material in the Swedish seed certification system. The requirements for the production of certified seed potatoes are published in Statutory Provisions of the SJV9. The classes are listed below: Pre basic seed: SS first generation of tubers produced in a greenhouse or growth chamber after the meristem clone; S1 first field generation; S2 second field generation; S3 third field generation, at the most; Basic seed: SE1 fourth field generation, at the most; SE2 fifth field generation, at the most; E sixth field generation, at the most; Certified seed: A seventh field generation, at the most; Thereis only onecompany in Sweden propagating commercial varieties from tissue culture.The company, located in Umeå, produces mini-tubers (class SS) in greenhouses fromin vitrocuttings and relies on contract growers to multiply the next potato generations in the field. In the above-mentioned Satutory Provisions, it is also stated that, if a farmer produces pre-basic or basic seed, s/he may only grow seed potatoes. If s/he produces class A certified seed, s/he may also grow ware potatoes on the farm. There were 199 farms producing seed potatoes in 2000, two thirds of them with a 5-20 ha area planted in potatoes. The total seed potato area was 2,062 ha. 5-8% of the seed potato hectarage are rejected annually for certification.
9SJVFS 1995:90
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6.2.3. Plant health in the genetic material and seed production 6.2.3.1. Quarantine pests in the breeding material The 63 potato varieties of the Nordic gene bank held in the north of Sweden have been fully tested for quarantine organisms. When new varieties are to be included in the collection,in vitro cuttings aresent to UK laboratories (CSL and SASA) for testingto ensure freedom from harmful organisms. The other collection of 49 varieties has been tested for common pests and diseases but not fully for “exotic” viruses. However, when a variety is released for multiplication, “exotic” viruses are checked if the variety comes from outside the EU. The breeding company based in the south of Sweden does not import third country breeding material directly. Some foreign material used (true seed and seed potato) comes from the Netherlands and has passed the Dutch control system before reaching Sweden. It is therefore considered to be free from quarantine pests and diseases. Nevertheless, as a further precaution, the company requests that this material be tested a second time. For that purpose, SUK takes samples and sends them to the laboratory of the Dutch plant protection service for analysis. The breeding company also introduces material coming from the Dutch/German gene bank. This material has also been tested beforehand in the Netherlands or Germany. 6.2.3.2.Quarantine pests in the multiplication of seed potatoes The first stages of multiplication (tissue cultures and SS mini-tubers) are controlled by the PPS and have to fulfil the seed certification requirements9, i.e.in vitrocuttings from each meristem clone which will be used for production of pre-basic seed shall be free from leafroll, PVA, PVM, PVS, PVX, PVY, TSWV, tobacco rattle virus, potato mop top virus, potato spindle tuber viroid,Erwinia carotovorassp.atroseptica,Erwinia carotovorassp.carotovora,Erwinia chrysanthemi,tcabivalCer michiganensisssp.sepedonicus,Ralstonia solanacearumas well as other pathogens. The subsequent stages of multiplication are under the responsibility of SUK. Brown rot and ring rot (Ralstonia solanacearumandretavClacib michiganensisssp. sepedonicus) Until 1999, sampling and testing for ring rot has always been much higher than for brown rot. This discrepancy resulted from ring rot being present in Sweden (ware potatoes) and brown rot never being reported again after outbreaks in the 1970s were eradicated. Therefore, the PPS chose to reflect the plant health risk in the number of samples. For the 2000 harvest, it was possible to have all samples analysed for both diseases since the analysis costs did not differ much whether one or both diseases were tested for. The criteria used to prioritise brown rot/ring rot sampling in seed potatoes are the following: -All SE1 lots are sampled. -The history of sampling on a farm is taken into account. Priority is given to farms not sampled for a number of years. 11
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