Technologies to protect and rehabilitate

European Commission Directorate-General For Research And Innovation

Description

European cultural heritage: A research area funded by the EC R & D programme 'Environment and climate': Development of a new non-destructive method for analysis of the atmospheric corrosion and corrosion protection of copper and copper alloys: Protection and conservation of the European cultural heritage
Industrial research and development
Culture

Sujets

• Analytical Chemistry
• Corrosion
• Monument
• Spectroscopy

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION
• Nombre de lectures: 11
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

European Commission
Community research
Studies
/
V i y
Development of a new non-destructive method for
analysis of the atmospheric corrosion and
corrosion protection of copper and copper alloys
Research report No 10
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Technologies to protect and rehabilitate
European cultural heritage
A research area funded by the EC R & D programme 'Environment and climate'
Development of a new non-destructive method for analysis
of the atmospheric corrosion and corrosion protection
of copper and copper alloys
Protection and conservation of the European cultural heritage
Cooperation between:
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Instrumentelle Analytik (Germany),
Department of Chemistry of the Aristotle University, Thessaloniki (Greece) and
Institut fur Silikatchemie und Archaometrie, Universitat fur angewandte Kunst, Wien (Austria)
Project ENV4-CT95-0098
(1996-97)
Research report No 10
Conclusive report
Directorate-General
Science, Research and Development
1999 Published by the
European Commission
Directorate-General
Science, Research and Development
B-1049 Brussels
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Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999
ISBN 92-828-6338-7
© European Communities, 1999
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER Preface
The project "Development of a New Non-destructive Method for Analysis of the Atmospheric
Corrosion and Corrosion Protection of Copper and Copper Alloys" was supported by the Euro­
pean Commission, Directorate DG XII, in the framework of the R&D programme "Environment
and Climate", area "Technologies to Protect and Rehabilitate European Cultural Heritage" (con­
tract no. ENV4-CT95-0098). It was carried out in the years 1996 - 1997 in a collaboration in­
volving three scientific institutes from Austria, Germany, and Greece, contributing expertise in ar­
eas such as formation, chemistry and characterization of patina as well as microanalytical tech­
niques and thin layer analysis.
This concluding report presents the project aims and work programme and the results achieved
after the project period of two years. After a short abstract, in chapter 1 the co-ordinator has
summarized the contributions and results of the individual partners, and gives an outlook on pos­
sible further steps necessary for a methodical and technical exploitation with the aim of develop­
ing a prototype of an analytical instrument for in-field use. In chapter 2 the detailed reports of the
collaborating partners as written by the specified authors are presented. Colour photographs of
the sensor heads developed in the project are included at the end of this report. Contents
Abstract VI
1. Program, Participants, and Results 1
by H. Klewe-Nebenius (coordinator)
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Participants and Distribution of Tasks 5
1.3 Project Aims, Concepts and Organization 8
1.4 Analytical Investigations and Results 10
1.5 Development of Non-Destructive In-Situ Photoacoustic and Photothermal Analysis 11
1.6 Conclusions, Outlook, and Technical Implementation2
2. Contributions of the Individual Partners5
2.1 Contribution from Institut fur Silikatchemie und Archaometrie, Universitat fur
angewandte Kunst Wien7
Growth, Description and Characterizal ion of Natural and Artificial Copper and
Bronze Patina with Varying Composition and Thickness
by B. Pichler, A. Vendl, and U. Binder
2.2 Contribution from Department of Chemistry of the Aristotle University Thessaloniki 97
Characterization and Study of Artificially Produced and Natural Patina Layers by
Means of Nuclear and Electrochemical Techniques
by P. Misaelides, K. Athanasiadis, A. Godelitsas, A. Hatzidimitriou, and F. Noli
2.3 Contribution from Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Instrumentelle Analytik 133
Surface-Analytical Studies of Artificial Copper and Bronze Patina Films
by R. Schlesinger and H. Klewe-Nebenius
2.4 Contribution from Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Instrumentelle Analytik 167
Photothermal and Photoacoustic Investigations of Patina
by W. Faubel, G. Hofmann, and S. Janssen
Acknowledgement 197
Addresses of the Co-operating Institutes and Scientific Contact Persons 198
V Abstract
As a contribution to the increasing efforts for the conservation of historical monuments and other
metallic objects, a research program has been carried out aimed at developing a novel non-de­
structive in-situ analytical method on the basis of the photoacoustic and photothermal deflection
spectroscopies for examination of patina layers and/or protective organic coatings. Results of this
method have been calibrated and interpreted by means of various, mostly complementary, micro-
range- and micro analytical techniques applied to standardized, artificially produced patina layers
on copper and bronze substrates.
This final report gives a short introduction into preconditions, aims and procedures of the project
and summarizes the results of the co-operating institutes as given in the detailed progress reports.
These results include the development of methodologies, the production of artificial patina layers
on copper and copper-alloy samples, and the characterization of natural and artificial patina layers
by means of several surface and microanalytical techniques (SEM - scanning electron microscopy,
XRD - X-ray diffraction, RBS - Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, NRA - nuclear reaction
analysis, ERDA - elastic recoil detection analysis, XPS - X-ray induced photoelectron spectros­
copy, potentiometry, etc.). In addition, basic information on patina growth, composition and
chemistry has been compiled with regard to protecting and damaging mechanisms. As primary re­
sults, photothermal/photoacoustic data from various samples have been obtained by using labo­
ratory scale equipment as well as prototypes of miniaturized sensor units developed in the frame­
work of this project, which allowed the discrimination of different copper sulphate species as well
as their mixtures. Furthermore, they permitted a determination of patina layer thickness and other
properties. These results demonstrate the successful application of the new methods for non-de­
structive in-situ copper and bronze patina analysis.
VI 1. Program, Participants, and Results
by H. Klewe-Nebenius (co-ordinator)
Contents
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Participants and Distribution of Tasks 5
1.3 Project Aims, Concepts and Organization 8
1.4 Analytical Investigations and Results 10
1.5 Development of Non-Destructive In-Situ Photoacoustic and Photothermal Analysis 11
1.6 Conclusions, Outlook, and Technical Implementation2