The domestication process in southeastern Turkey [Elektronische Ressource] : the evidence of Mezraa-Teleilat / vorgelegt von Gülçin Ilgezdi

Copy-Team

Informations

• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 26 Mo

Extrait

The Domestication Process in Southeastern Turkey:
The Evidence of Mezraa-Teleilat




Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften

der Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen




I. Textteil







vorgelegt von
Gülçin Ilgezdi
aus Berlin
2008
2





























Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 25. Juni 2008
Dekan: Prof. Dr. Peter Grathwohl
1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans-Peter Uerpmann
2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Nicholas J. Conard 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: Text Part

PREFACE………………….………………………………………………………………………………..........10

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………...........11

2. THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD…………………………………………………………………………………...13

2.1. Defining the Neolithic………………………………………………………………………..........13

2.2. The Neolithic in Turkey...................................................................................................................18

2.2.1. Antecedents of the Anatolian Neolithic Cultures..............................................................20

2.2.2. The PPN in Turkey…........................................................................................................21

2.2.3. The PN in Turkey.......................................................................................................…...23

3. ANIMAL DOMESTICATION…….....................................................................................................…..........24

3.1. Defining Animal Domestication………………………………………………….…….................24

3.2. Evidence for the Domestication Process in the Animal Bone Assemblages…………….…......25

3.3. Animal Domestication in the Near East…………………………………………………….........27

3.3.1. Anatolia.............................................................................................................................27

3.3.1.1. Central Anatolia…...........................................................................................27
3.3.1.2. Southeastern Anatolia......................................................................................30

3.3.2. Northern Syria..................................................................................................................38

3.3.3. The Zagros Region…........................................................................................................44

3.4. The Levant........................................................................................................................................50

4. MEZRAA-TELEILAT: An Overview…………................................................................................................53
4
4.1. Natural Setting …............................................................................................................................53

4.1.1. Location….........................................................................................................................53

4.1.2. Geomorphology of the Region….......................................................................................54

4.1.3. Modern Vegetation…........................................................................................................57

4.1.4. Climate…..........................................................................................................................58

4.1.5. Botanical Samples from Mezraa-Teleilat…......................................................................59

4.2. Mezraa-Teleilat: The Archaeology….............................................................................................60

4.2.1. Excavation History............................................................................................................60

4.2.2. Stratigraphy and Dating…................................................................................................61

4.2.3. The Architecture of Mezraa-Teleilat.................................................................................66

4.2.3.1. The PN…..........................................................................................................66
4.2.3.2. The TP from the PPN to PN….........................................................................70
4.2.3.3. The PPN Level…..............................................................................................70

4.2.4. A Short Description of the Pottery from Mezraa-Teleilat................................................71

4.2.5. Lithic Artifacts…...............................................................................................................73

4.2.6. Figurines….......................................................................................................................74

5. METHODS OF RECORDING THE ANIMAL BONES FROM MEZRAA-TELE İLAT.................................76

5.1. Collecting…………..........................................................................................................................76

5.2. Identification and Recording………..............................................................................................76

5.2.1. Ageing…............................................................................................................................77

5.2.2. Sexing…….........................................................................................................................78
5
5.2.3. Osteometry….....................................................................................................................79

5.2.4. Quantification…................................................................................................................80

6. RESULTS FROM THE MATERIAL ANALYSIS………………………………………………....................81

6.1. Relative Proportion of Taxa………................................................................................................81

6.2. Distribution of Animal Bones According to the Trenches……...................................................84

6.3. Distribution of Animal Bones from the Buildings……….............................................................87

6.4. The Relation between Animal Bones and Archaeological Features………...............................89

7. TAPHONOMY……………………………………………………………………….......................................91

7.1. Degree of Identification and Fragmentation……….....................................................................91

7.2. Pre-depositional Factors………………..........................................................................................91

7.3. Post-depositional Factors.................................................................................................................94

8. DETAILED RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH……………….........................................................................95

8.1. Domestic Mammals………........…………......................................................................................95

8.1.1. Dog (Canis familiaris)…..................................................................................................95

8.1.1.1. Number of Dog Bones…..................................................................................95
8.1.1.2. Element Distributions…...................................................................................96
8.1.1.3. Sexing…...........................................................................................................96
8.1.1.4. Size…...............................................................................................................97
8.1.1.5. Kill-off Pattern for Dog …...............................................................................97

8.2. Domestic or Wild Mammals…...........................................................……….................................97

8.2.1. Cattle (Bos primigineus/Bos taurus)….............................................................................97
6
8.2.1.1. Number of Cattle Bones…...............................................................................98
8.2.1.2. Element Distributions…...................................................................................98
8.2.1.3. Sexing…...........................................................................................................99
8.2.1.4. Size…...............................................................................................................99
8.2.1.5. Kill-off Pattern for Cattle…...........................................................................105

8.2.2. Sheep or Goat (Ovis orientalis/Ovis anatolica or Capra aegagrus/Capra hircus)…....108

8.2.2.1. Number of Sheep/Goat Bones…....................................................................109