The pathological effects of radiant energy on the eye, an experimental investigation

Verhoeff Frederick Herman B. 1874, Louis Bell

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Biocu.a Lib. WW 100 V588-- 1916 LIBRARYTHE OF THEUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ANGELESLOS tc: 51-13 American of Arts and Sciences.of the AcademyProceedings VOL. 51. No. 13. 1916.JULY, ENERGYPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIANTTHE ON THE EYE AX EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION M.D.F. H- VERHOEFF, A.M., Charitable and Earand Massachusetts EyePathologist Ophthalmic Surgeon, HarvardAssistant Professor of Research, University.Infirmary; Ophthalmic Louis PH.D.BELL, Past President Illuminating Engineering Society.Consulting Engineer; THE LITERATUREWITH A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BY B. M.D.C. WALKER, A.M., Harvard Associate in Surgery,Assistant in University.Ophthalmology, Bent Brigham Hospital. OF THE MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLEFROM THE PATHOLOGICAL LABORATORY EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. /> . /Couthnifif( from /!{/thqse spectrum, extending about 760 to about 395 and the ultra violetMM MM> portion reaching from 395 to' the of 200 This distinction is notMM MM-neighborhood with ledor limits. While artificial distinctions haverigorous sharp to all radiation of whatever wavemany lengthmisunderstandings, is convertible into heat when absorbed material bodies and mayby chemical latteras well. As a matter of fact theseproduce changes show a to with of the oscilla-increase thegeneral tendency frequency so that chemical rare in redtions, are the infra andchanges increasingly as one the It is this tend-extreme ultra violet.

Sujets

• Eye

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• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

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Biocu.a Lib.
WW
100
V588--
1916LIBRARYTHE
OF
THEUNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
ANGELESLOStc:
51-13
American of Arts and Sciences.of the AcademyProceedings
VOL. 51. No. 13. 1916.JULY,
ENERGYPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIANTTHE
ON THE EYE
AX EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
M.D.F. H- VERHOEFF, A.M.,
Charitable and Earand Massachusetts EyePathologist Ophthalmic Surgeon,
HarvardAssistant Professor of Research, University.Infirmary; Ophthalmic
Louis PH.D.BELL,
Past President Illuminating Engineering Society.Consulting Engineer;
THE LITERATUREWITH A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF
BY
B. M.D.C. WALKER, A.M.,
Harvard Associate in Surgery,Assistant in University.Ophthalmology,
Bent Brigham Hospital.
OF THE MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLEFROM THE PATHOLOGICAL LABORATORY
EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY./> <-or< >. /Couthnifif( from /!{/< of
VOLUME 51.
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1:5. F. and C. B. The EffectsVERHOEFF, H., BELL, Louis, WALKER, Pathological
ofRadiant the 027-818. 19U5. $1.50.Energy upon Eye. pp. (8 pis.) July,of the American of Arts and Sciences.Proceedings Academy
VOL. 51. Xo. 13. 1916.JULY,
THE PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIANT ENERGY
ON THE EYE
AX EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
BY
F. H. M.D.VERHOEFF, A.M.,
Pathologist and Ophthalmic Surgeon, Massachusetts Charitable and EarEye
Infirmary; Assistant Professor of Research, HarvardOphthalmic University.
AND
Louis PH.D.BELL,
Consulting Engineer; Past President Illuminating Engineering Society.
WITH A THESYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE
/
BY
C. B. M.D.WALKER, A.M.,
Assistant in Harvard Associate inOphthalmology, University. Surgery,
Peter Bent Brigham Hospital.
FROM THE PATHOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE
EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY.
INM UNSTK.ATION-. LlUHT AND HfrlAT MADE AND PUBLISHED WITH AID PROM THE
RUMFORD FUND.Biomsdical
ay
WIO
ICO
Ififc
THE PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIANT ENERGY
THEUPON EYE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
630Introduction ....................
................... 634Photophthalmia
Determination of Liminal .......... 638Exposure
Verification of Law of inverse ... ...... 640squares
Effect of ............ 641Repeated Exposures
Limit of Abiotic Action with to Wave ..... 645respect Length
-Record of 37 to ....... . . 652Experiments (Nos. 93)
............... 660Histological Technique
Reactions of Ocular Tissues to Abiotic Radiation 662
and Cornea ........... 662Clinical; Conjunctiva
Found .............. 665Histological Changes
Cornea 665
.................. 669Conjunctiva
Iris ........ : ............ 670
Lens ..................... 671
onPossible Abiotic Effects Retina 677
on of Rabbits 679Experiments Eyes
on of .......... 681 Monkeys
on Human ............. 684Experiment Eye
Possible Abiotic Effects on retina of ...... 686Aphakic Eye
Refutation of Birch-Hirschfeld's ......... 687Findings
Thermic Effects of Radiant ............ 692Energy
Cornea .................... 692
Iris and Lens .................. 696
'
Retina 697
Record of with concentrated 95 to .Experiments (Nos. 699sunlight 101)
of Action of Radiant on the Tissues ....... 703Theory Energy
Abiotic in the Solar 705Energy Spectrum
Snow Blindness ................. 706
Solar 708ErythemaErythropsia 710
Vernal Catarrh 713
Senile cataract ............ ..... 715
Concentration of in .......... 716Energy Images
General Nature of of Radiant ........ 717Absorption Energy
Blindness and Allied Phenomena 720Eclipse
Possible Action of Infra-Red ........... 728Specific
to of fixation 732Experiment relating accuracy
Glass Blowers' Cataract .............. 734
to IlluminantsCommercial 737Applications
with ............ 738Experiment nitrogen lamp inenclosed . . . 742 quartz mercury lamp globe
Protective Glasses .................. 744
Ultra Violet as a GermicidalLight Agent. Experimental
of its Possible Value ...... 749Investigation Therapeutic
General Conclusions ................. 756
Review of the Literature C. B. Walker ..... 760Systematic ............... .... 794Bibliography
Plates 811
590566
* d iAf a j^630 VERHOEFF AND BELL.
THE fundamental of this has been to dis-purpose investigation
can becover what if effects theproduced uponany pathological
to artificial or naturalstructure of the sources ofbyeye exposure
occur underThat such action may sufficiently powerfullight.
is but the essential isto radiant fact theenergy certain,exposure
of the relations between the amount of incidentdiscovery quantitative
the effects. These relations have been leftand generallyenergy
of the in the with the resultout reckoning discussing subject,quite
to and often unwarranted conclusions asof leading vague quite
irrelevant as if one should condemn steam asheating dangerous
because one can burn his a radiator.finger upon
The of the matter from ais, .quantitative phase practical standpoint,
since on it the actual effects to beall-important depends expected
from the of the to natural or artificial sourcesexposure eye powerful
of the literature of the is extensive,light. Although subject very
the over 450 nonetitles,appended bibliography covering practically
of the work done has been in the sense ofquantitative connecting
the amount and kind of the received with the effectsenergy produced,
and the work of careful the resultshence, despite many investigators,
have been discordant and so that a coordi-singularly inconclusive,
nation of the facts from the of has seemedstandpoint energy impera-
19
tive. One of us has the relationsinvestigated recently energy
from variousof the radiation sources of both natural and arti-light
the intent of theand has been to determineficial, present investigation
on theactual the andexperiment eye quantitativeby qualitative
radiant oneffects of the andenergy conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens,
retina.
has been known that excessive radiation of oneIt kind orlong
in the ofanother kinds andproduces pathological changes eye, many
of far as naturalSo is con-greatly varying degrees intensity. light
cerned the well known effects of solar radiation inpowerful producing
snow blindness and allied troubles have been familiar as alsolong
have been the severe scotomata due to direct observation of the sun,
familiar in the literature under the name of blindness.general eclipse
With the introduction of the electric mild cases of ocular troublearc,
due to over to the arc to attract at firstexposure began attention,
a half a and the has annearly century ago, subject occupied increasing
in the literature ever since. More attention has beenspace recently
drawn to the ultra violet radiation as of theseparticularly productive
and most of the on theconditions,pathological investigations bearing
have been directed toward the of thesubject.general study specificEFFECTS OF RADIANT ENERGY ON THE EYE. 631
action of the ultra violet. becomes of fundamentalIt, therefore,
to examine the effects of radiant with refer-energy specialimportance
wave of the radiation.ence to their relation to the length
NATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF RADIANT ENERGY.
All radiant is at believed to consist of transverseenergy present
vibrations in the all at the same rateether,hypothetical propagated
and in and wave hence indiffering only amplitude length, frequency,
which is the of wave The uniformreciprocal length. propagation
rate in vacuo is km. second and the wave300,000very nearly per
so far as dealt with from about .01 to aboutlengths ordinarily range
.0002 mm. For be to theno attention needordinary paidpurposes
thewave to .1 toextremely long lengths mm., extremelyranging
short ones between shorter.0001 and .0002 or to themm., enormously