The structure of the atmosphere in clear weather, a study of soundings with pilot balloons

Cave Charles John Philip 1871-

Sujets

• Atmosphère

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• Publié par: les_archives_du_savoir
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 11 Mo

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\
\THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
IN CLEAR WEATHERPRESSUNIVERSITYCAMBRIDGE
E.G.FETTER LANE,Honfcon:
MANAGERF.C. CLAY,
itiBl!l
STREET
: PRINCES100,CEtunburgt)
AND CO.A. ASHERBerlin:
F. A. BROCKHAUSJtg:
SONSG. P. PUTNAM'St:
LTD.AND CO.,MACMILLANantl Calcutta:Bombay
All reservedrightsc
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
IN CLEAR WEATHER
OF SOUNDINGSA STUDY
WITH PILOT BALLOONS
BY
C. P. M.A.CAVE,J.
nubila ventisNonne vides etiam diversis
?ire in infernaDiversas supernispartis
v.LUCRETIUS, 646
:Cambridge
Pressat the University
1912:iffambritrgr
PRINTED BY M.A.JOHN CLAY,
AT THE UNIVERSITY 1'RESSCONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS vi.............
INTRODUCTION............... vii
I. THE STRUCTURE OP THE ATMOSPHERE AS DISCLOSED BY THE OBSERVATIONS OP PILOT
BALLOONS AT DITCHAM 1............
II. THE METHODS OF TRIGONOMETRICAL METHOD WITH TWOOBSEKVING; THEODOLITES;(a)
ONE THEODOLITE WITH ASSUMED UNIFORM UPRATE OP THE WORKING(6) ASCENT;
OF THE OB-ERVATIONS. BALLOONS. THEODOLITES . . . . . 10
. .
III. CHECKS ON THE ACCURACY OP THE METHODS OF REPRESENTING THE RESULTS OP THE
OBSERVATIONS.............. 18
IV. THE RATE OF ASCENT OF BALLOONS THEORETICAL AND LEAKAGE OF GAS FROMOBSERVED;
THE RELATION OF THE VERTICAL MOTION OP BALLOONS TO THE GROUNDBALLOONS;
CONTOURS 25
V. SUMMARY OP RESULTS AND THE RELATION OP THE WIND TO THE SURFACE PRESSURE
DISTRIBUTION 32
OF THE WINDVI. CHANGES DURING THE DAY AND DURING CONSECUTIVE DAYS ... 54
VII. THE WIND IN THE STRATOSPHERE........... 61
VIII. RATE OF INCREASE OP WIND VELOCITY NEAR THE SURFACE ...... 66
IX. GENERAL RELATION OP PRESSUREVERTICAL WIND DISTRIBUTION TO SURFACERESULTS;
DISTRIBUTION 69.
a3LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
the vertical wind distribution1. Model on 6.43 45, 1909,Fig. representing May p.m.
2. 1O22 a.m. 51, 1907,Sept.
3. Oct. 4.20 . 61, 1908, p.m.
4. 6.29 . 77,May 1909, p.m.
Nov. 10.59 a.m. 8,, >, ,, ,, 6, 1908,
3.57 8,, ,1,, , ,, ,) April 29, 1908, p.rn.
7. 1908 . 9July 29,
9 128,Figs.
12 1310, 11,
13. of Feb. 4.52 15balloon, 22, 1909,Fig. Trajectory pilot p.m
"
for an .14. Pilot balloon ascent '. T 16
,, ready
when balloons .15. Balance used ........ 17
,, filling
Theodolite for . .16. . . . . ... 17observing (Bosch)
17. Feb. 10.28 a.m.1908, of one and two26, Height-wind diagrams: comparison
theodolite methods 18.............
11.5 a.m.18. Feb. of one and two26, 1908, diagrams: comparison
theodolite methods 19
Feb. 4.43 of one19. and two,, 18, 1909, p.m. Height-wind diagrams: comparison
theodolite methods 20
of June 1908.20. Horizontal ....... 21balloon, 3,,, trajectories
Feb. 1909 2221. 18,
22. Feb. 1908 22balloons, 26,
23. Part of of ballon sonde of 1909 23
,, Aug. 5,trajectory
. 23,,24.
'
' -" 24,,25.
. .
of of balloon to26. Relation Feb. 1908 . 29height ground contours, 26,,,
29alt ,, ,, ,, ,?,,
June 1908 . 2928. 3,
29. 1908 . . . 30July 31,
30. Feb. 1909 3019,
of wind to in classes and31. Relation . 35velocity height (a), (b), (c)
6 Surface isobars, b. isobars at 232. Feb. a. kilometres 361st, 1907, p.m. Computed
33. Feb. 1909 3 3720th,
""and surface wind directions in -Class Solid current 3734.,, Diagram showing gradient (a)
6 Surface b.35. a. isobars, isobars at 3 kilometres 381907,May llth, p.m. Computed
and surface wind directions in Class 3936.,, showing gradientDiagram (6). Increasing velocity
Feb. 6 a. Surface isobars, b. isobars at 3 kilometres . 4037.,, 2nd, 1908, p.m. Computed
38. and surface wind directions in Class 40Diagram showing gradient Decreasing(c). velocity
39. 6 a. Surface isobars, b. isobars at 2 kilometres 4314th, 1907,May p.m. Computed
340. 21st 43May
41. Relation of winds to the distribution of at sea level for ascentspressureWesterly
in Class .............. 70
(6)
42. Relation of winds to the of at sea level for ascentsNortherly pressure
of Class 71(b)
43. Relation of winds to the distribution of at sea level for ascentsSoutherly pressure
.of Class 72(b)
Relation of wind to the distribution of at for in44. sea level ascents,, Easterly pressure
Class 74(c)
45. relations of winds to the isobars 75Diagrammatic map showing supposed
46 77
Relation of winds to the distribution of at in Class 7947. sea levelpressure (e 2)
: Relations of Wind Elements to ..... 109141Diagrams Height