Treatment of arsenic containing artificial wastewater in different laboratory-scale constructed wetlands [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Khaja Zillur Rahman

Khaja Rahman

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_stuttgart
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 80
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Treatment of arsenic containing artificial
wastewater in different laboratory-scale
constructed wetlands


Von der Fakultät Bau- und Umweltingeieurwissenschaften der
Universität Stuttgart zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der
Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Abhandlung


Vorgelegt von
Khaja Zillur Rahman
aus Bangladesch



Hauptberichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rott
Mitberichter: Prof. Dr. rer.nat. Dr.-Ing. habil. András Bárdossy

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06. März 2009



Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüte- und Abfallwirtschaft der Universität Stuttgart
2009






























Khaja Zillur Rahman

Treatment of arsenic containing artificial
wastewater in different laboratory-scale
constructed wetlands

















Stuttgarter Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft
Band 197



























Acknowledgements
I would like to express my profound gratitude to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrich Rott for
supervising this thesis. His guidance and contribution over the course of writing this thesis
have been truly invaluable. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr.-Ing. habil.
András Bárdossy for providing his expertise as the official co-referee.

Special thank goes to Dr. Roland A. Müller, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology
(UbZ), UFZ-Leipzig, for his thoughtful advice and critical remarks time to time. Dr. Peter
Kuschk, Department of Bioremediation, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
(UFZ), Leipzig, deserves enormous thanks for providing me the honor to work in UFZ,
Leipzig. Without them my PhD may not have been possible. Their ceaseless
encouragement, intellectual advice, generous support and profound guidance throughout
the progress and final outcome of this thesis and also for sparing their valuable time for me
in guiding, reading and correcting of my dissertation. I am also thankful to Dr. Arndt
Wießner, Department of Bioremediation, UFZ, Leipzig.

I would like to thank all of them for their never ending patience and endless
encouragement, for improving the quality of the manuscripts and my PhD dissertation by
critically reading and correcting, for sensible comments, personal and scientific support and
understanding, and for many helpful ideas, invaluable suggestions and discussions. I am
also grateful to Dr. Jürgen Mattusch, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ-Leipzig,
especially for the organizing and supporting the facilities of analytical techniques applied
in this work.

I would like to express my heartiest gratitude to the German Federal Ministry of
Education and Research (BMBF) through the International Postgraduate Studies in
Water Technologies (IPSWaT) program that provided financial support during the whole of
my research period. The persons who managed the program within my participation in the
International Doctoral Program Environment Water (ENWAT) of Universität
Stuttgart Dr.-Ing. Sabine Manthey, Dr.-Ing. Gabreile Hartmann, Andrea Bange and
Rainer Enzenhoefer are also gratefully acknowledged.

I am also grateful to Frau Puschendorf and Frau Mäusezahl, Department of
Bioremediation; Frau Volkmann, Frau Penndorf, Herr Jürgen Steffen, Herr Marine,
Frau Dr. Mothes, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ-Leipzig, for their great help
and suggestions concerning the chemical-analytical techniques. My sincere thanks to Herr
Reinhard Schumann, Dr. Uwe Kappelmeyer for their help and technical support in the
experimental set-up and guidance and many wishful thanks to all of my colleagues
especially to Diego Paredes, Jaime Cardona, Anja Offelder, Alvaro Gonzalias.

Finally, I would like to thank my wife Shadia and my parents for all of their love,
enormous encouragement and never-ending support throughout my study. There are no
words to adequately describe the feelings of gratitude for their help and understanding in all
situations.


CONTENTS

Acknowledgement II
List of abbreviation VI
Summary VIII
Zusammenfassung XI
1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Objectives................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Motivation – arsenic problem worldwide .................................................................. 4
2 Literature Review............................................................................................................ 6
2.1 Arsenic and arsenic species ..................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Geogenic occurrences........................................................................................6
2.1.2 Sources of and anthropogenic uses ................................................................... 7
2.1.3 Geochemistry of arsenic.................................................................................... 8
2.1.4 Speciation chemistry of arsenic......................................................................... 9
2.1.5 General toxicity of arsenic .............................................................................. 10
2.1.6 Bio-transformation of arsenic species ............................................................. 12
2.1.7 Role of micro-organisms in arsenic transformation and mobility................... 15
2.1.8 Kinetics of arsenic precipitation during bacterial sulphate reduction ............. 18
2.2 Technologies for arsenic removal from the environment................................... 19
2.2.1 Background.....................................................................................................19
2.2.2 Technologies available....................................................................................20
2.2.3 Emergent technologies26
2.2.4 Outlined remarks.............................................................................................32
2.3 Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment ................................................
2.3.1 Wetland definition, classification, design and sizing...................................... 34
2.3.2 Technological aspects/ removal mechanisms.................................................. 38
2.3.3 Role of plant biomass in treatment processes ................................................. 41
2.3.4 Role of microorganisms in treatment process 44
2.3.5 Removal of arsenic and heavy metals ............................................................. 45
2.3.6 Physico-chemical factors effecting performances of constructed wetlands.... 46
2.3.7 Biotic factors effecting arsenic removal in constructed wetlands................... 49
2.3.8 Application of the technology ......................................................................... 55
3 Material and Methods................................................................................................... 56
3.1 Treatment of arsenic in the Planted Fixed Bed Reactor (PFBR)....................... 56
3.1.1 Synthetic wastewater.......................................................................................56
3.1.2 Experimental design: laboratory-scale reactor................................................ 57
3.1.3 Plant biomass59 3.1.4 Experimental conditions..................................................................................60
3.1.5 Sampling..........................................................................................................65
3.2 Treatment in the Laboratory-scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow Wetland ...... 66
3.2.1 Synthetic wastewater.......................................................................................66
3.2.2 Experimental design........................................................................................
3.2.3 Plant biomass...................................................................................................69
3.2.4 Experimental conditions
3.2.5 Maintenance....................................................................................................74
3.2.6 Sampling75
3.3 Analytical methods and calculations .................................................................