Xenobiotics in freshwater streams of Hesse, Germany [Elektronische Ressource] / von Kristin Quednow

Manfred Richthofen

Informations

• Publié par: goethe_universitat_frankfurt_am_main
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 31
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Xenobiotics in freshwater streams of Hesse, Germany







Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Naturwissenschaften





vorgelegt beim Fachbereich Geowissenschaften
der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität
in Frankfurt am Main





von
Kristin Quednow
aus Rüdersdorf bei Berlin



Frankfurt (2008)
(D30)




















Vom Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe – Universität
angenommen.





Dekan: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Brey

Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Püttmann
Prof. Dr. Jörg Oehlmann

Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 10.12.2008







Contents

Contents
Danksagung................................................................................................................................ 5
Zusammenfassung (Summary)................................................................................................... 6
Short summary ......................................................................................................................... 16
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 18
2 Study area and experimental design................................................................................. 21
2.1 Study area................................................................................................................. 21
2.2 Experimental design................................................................................................. 23
3 Analytical Methods .......................................................................................................... 26
3.1 Solid phase extraction (SPE).................................................................................... 26
3.2 GC-MS-Analysis...................................................................................................... 28
3.2.1 Target compounds ............................................................................................ 29
3.2.2 Quantification................................................................................................... 31
3.2.3 Validation of the analysis method.................................................................... 33
4 Organophosphates and synthetic musk fragrances in freshwater streams in Hesse,
Germany........................................................................................................................... 35
4.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 35
4.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 35
4.3 Sampling area and analytical methods..................................................................... 37
4.3.1 Sampling area................................................................................................... 37
4.3.2 Sample preparation and analysis ...................................................................... 38
4.4 Results and discussion.............................................................................................. 39
4.4.1 Synthetic musk fragrances ............................................................................... 39
4.4.2 Organophosphates ............................................................................................ 43
4.4.3 Discharge and estimated loads ......................................................................... 45
4.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 50
5 Endocrine disruptors in freshwater streams of Hesse, Germany: Changes in
concentration levels in the time span from 2003 to 2005 ................................................ 52
5.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 52
5.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 52
5.3 Methods and Materials ............................................................................................. 54
5.3.1 Chemicals......................................................................................................... 54
5.3.2 Sampling........................................................................................................... 54
5.3.3 Sample preparation and analysis ...................................................................... 55
2Contents

5.4 Results and Discussion............................................................................................. 56
5.4.1 Flow conditions of the rivers............................................................................ 56
5.4.2 Technical 4-nonylphenol (NP)......................................................................... 57
5.4.3 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) .................................................................................... 60
5.4.4 Bisphenol A (BPA) .......................................................................................... 62
5.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 63
6 Monitoring terbutryn pollution in small rivers of Hesse, Germany................................. 65
6.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 65
6.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 65
6.3 Methods and Materials ............................................................................................. 67
6.3.1 Study area and sampling .................................................................................. 67
6.3.2 Sample preparation and analysis ...................................................................... 68
6.4 Results ...................................................................................................................... 70
6.4.1 Spatial variations of terbutryn in the Hessisches Ried catchment area............ 71
6.4.2 Temporal variations in terbutryn in the Hessisches Ried catchment area........ 73
6.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 75
6.6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 77
7 Concentration of organic pollutants in the aquatic environment: Influence of mandatory
regulations and voluntary environmental agreements...................................................... 79
7.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 79
7.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 79
7.3 Methods and Materials ............................................................................................. 83
7.3.1 Study area and sampling .................................................................................. 83
7.3.2 Sample preparation and analysis ...................................................................... 83
7.4 Results and discussion.............................................................................................. 84
7.4.1 NP (technical isomer mixture) ......................................................................... 84
7.4.2 TCEP ................................................................................................................ 86
7.4.3 Terbutryn.......................................................................................................... 90
7.4.4 DEET................................................................................................................ 91
7.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 92
8 Final conclusions and future implications........................................................................ 93
References ................................................................................................................................ 95
Contents of figures and tables ................................................................................................ 108
Figures................................................................................................................................ 108
3Contents

Tables ................................................................................................................................. 110
Abbrevations .......................................................................................................................... 112
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