Participatory Democracy in Brazil

J. Ricardo Tranjan

Description

The largely successful trajectory of participatory democracy in post-1988 Brazil is well documented, but much less is known about its origins in the 1970s and early 1980s. In Participatory Democracy in Brazil: Socioeconomic and Political Origins, J. Ricardo Tranjan recounts the creation of participatory democracy in Brazil. He positions the well-known Porto Alegre participatory budgeting at the end of three interrelated and partially overlapping processes: a series of incremental steps toward broader political participation taking place throughout the twentieth century; short-lived and only partially successful attempts to promote citizen participation in municipal administration in the 1970s; and setbacks restricting direct citizen participation in the 1980s. What emerges is a clearly delineated history of how socioeconomic contexts shaped Brazil’s first participatory administrations.

Tranjan first examines Brazil’s long history of institutional exclusion of certain segments of the population and controlled inclusion of others, actions that fueled nationwide movements calling for direct citizen participation in the 1960s. He then presents three case studies of municipal administrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s that foreground the impact of socioeconomic factors in the emergence, design, and outcome of participatory initiatives. The contrast of these precursory experiences with the internationally known 1990s participatory models shows how participatory ideals and practices responded to the changing institutional context of the 1980s. The final part of his analysis places developments in participatory discourses and practices in the 1980s within the context of national-level political-institutional changes; in doing so, he helps bridge the gap between the local-level participatory democracy and democratization literatures.

Sujets

• Political Ideologies
• Political Science
• Latin American
• contemporary
• Brazilian
• Geopolitics
• Latin America
• World
• Brazil
• Democracy
• Caribbean
• Porto Alegre

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 17 décembre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268093792
• Langue: English

Extrait

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PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY IN BRAZIL
Socioeconomic and Political Origins
J. RICARDO TRANJAN
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana
Copyright © 2016 by University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
www.undpress.nd.edu
All Rights Reserved
E-ISBN 978-0268-04240-0
This e-Book was converted from the original source file by a third-party vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are encouraged to contact the publisher at [e-mail] Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tranjan, J. Ricardo, author. Title: Participatory democracy in Brazil : socioeconomic and political origins / J. Ricardo Tranjan. Description: Notre Dame, Indiana : University of Notre Dame Press, 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015031820 | ISBN 9780268042400 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 0268042403 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Political participation—Latin America. | Local government—Latin America—Citizen participation. | Democracy—Latin America. | Political culture—Latin America. | Latin America—Politics and government. Classification: LCC JL966 .T7 2015 | DDC 320.981—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015031820 ∞ The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. -->
CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations
Glossary of Foreign Terms
Acknowledgments
Introduction
CHAPTER ONE
The Brazilian (Un)Representative System
CHAPTER TWO
Participatory Movements under Authoritarian Government
CHAPTER THREE
MDB Autênticos in Lages
CHAPTER FOUR
CEBs in Boa Esperança
CHAPTER FIVE
The PT in Diadema
CHAPTER SIX
The Tempering of Participatory Ideals and Practices
CHAPTER SEVEN
The Making of Participatory Democracy in Brazil
Notes
Works Cited Index -->
ABBREVIATIONS
ANC
National Constituent Assembly (Assembléia Nacional Constituinte)
ARENA
National Renewal Alliance (Aliança Nacional Renovadora)
CEB
ecclesial base community ( comunidade eclesiail de base )
CEBRAP
Brazilian Centre of Analysis and Planning (Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento)
CELAM
Latin American Episcopal Council (Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano)
CDP
popular democratic committee ( comitê democrático popular )
CLT
Consolidate Labor Laws (Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho)
CNBB
National Conference of Brazilian Bishops (Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil)
IEPES
Institute for Political, Economic and Social Studies (Instituto de Estudos Políticos, Econômicos e Sociais)
IDS
Institute for Development Studies
ISI
Import Substitution Industrialization
MDB
Brazilian Democratic Movement (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro)
MST
Landless Workers’ Movement (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra)
PB
participatory budgeting ( orçamento participativo )
PCB
Brazilian Communist Party (Partido Comunista Brasileiro)
PCdoB
Communist Party of Brazil (Partido Comunista do Brasil)
PMDB
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro)
PRC
Santa Catarina Republican Party (Partido Republicano Catarinenese)
PRO
Revolutionary Labor Party (Partido Revolucionário Operário)
PRP
Popular Representation Party (Partido de Representação Popular)
PSD
Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata)
PSDB
Brazilian Social Democratic Party (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira)
PSP
Progressive Social Party (Partido Social Progressista)
PT
Workers’ Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores)
PTB
Brazilian Labor Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro)
SAB
association of the friends of the neighborhood ( sociedade de amigos do bairro)
UDN
National Democratic Union (União Democrática Nacional)
GLOSSARY OF FOREIGN TERMS

autêntico (pl. autênticos ): the more radical members of the Brazilian Democratic Movement
bandeirante (pl. bandeirantes ): colonial scout
cabo eleitoral (pl. cabos eleitorais ): political canvassers
caboclo (pl. caboclos ): Brazilians of mixed European and indigenous backgrounds
celebração (pl. celebrações ): the socializing part of religious gatherings
conscientização : consciousness raising
coronel (pl. coronéis ): local strongmen
diretório and sub-diretório (pl. diretórios ): party city chapters and party neighborhood chapters
mutirão (pl. mutirões ): self-construction projects, most often the building of popular houses
paulista (pl. paulistas ): of, from, or pertaining to the state of São Paulo
politicagem : politicking
pelego (pl. pelegos ): co-opted union leader
reinvidicação (pl. reinvidicações ): a demand to public officials grounded on moral or legal rights
tenentismo : political movement of rebelling lieutenants in the first half of the twentieth century
vendeiro (pl. vendeiros ): owner of the local supply store and middleman of coffee trade
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book is based on a doctoral thesis completed at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo, under the supervision of Frederick Bird and Kathryn Hochstetler. Fred provided unremitting support for this project since I began to conceptualize it. Notably, he supported my decision to pursue a qualitative historical approach in a time when political science graduate students are pressured to adopt quantitative methods. Kathy shared her comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of Brazil, and continually pushed me to hone my arguments; she provided decisive encouragement in the book proposal and manuscript revision phases, which included the extensive rewriting of the original text.
William Nylen, Brian Wampler, and Philip Oxhorn provided invaluable advice on how to turn a promising doctoral thesis into a publishable book. They epitomized the best of academia by offering thoughtful, trenchant, and constructive criticism to a younger scholar while showing respect and admiration for my work. The content of their comments were instrumental in improving the quality of this book, and the manner in which they were delivered made the review process an extremely rewarding experience. The latter can also be said about the editors of the University of Notre Dame Press, with whom it has been a great pleasure to work.
Others at the Balsillie School have my most sincere gratitude. I had the privilege to have Rhoda Howard-Hassmann on my doctoral supervisory committee. She offered valuable guidance on how to make this research project accessible and relevant to non-Brazilianists. Eric Helleiner has been for many years a mentor and a model. He has taught me that academic research is not a zero-sum game. Andrew Thompson’s assistance was also instrumental in the completion of my thesis. And though spread across the globe, my cohort was always supportive. During my field research, I was hosted by the Núcleo de Pesquisas de Políticas Públicas da Universidade de São Paulo (NUPPs), where I partook in many stimulating academic events. I would like to thank José Álvaro Moisés for providing me with this op