LES MOTS CLÉS DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ET DU DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE FRANÇAIS-ANGLAIS

Saliha Azzouz

Description

Ce lexipro français-anglais est un outil de travail pratique pour acquérir ou réviser le vocabulaire de l’environnement en anglais. Les mots spécifiques à ce secteur y sont classés par thème : écologie et environnement, risques et pollution, gouvernance environnementale, etc.Outil complet pour une maîtrise parfaite du lexique, il propose : • une sélection de mots et expressions idiomatiques ;• la ou les traductions possibles des mots et leur présentation dans une phrase de mise en situation. Pour faciliter la recherche, deux index alphabétiques sont disponibles en fin d'ouvrage : l'un de tous les termes français, l'autre de tous les termes anglais.

Informations

• Publié par: Studyrama Editions
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 7
• EAN13: 9782759035920
• Langue: Français
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

L E X I P R O

A N G L A I S

Les mots clés de l’environnement et du développement durable

classementthématique exemplesd ’ utilisation indexbilingue

Saliha Azzouz

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 1

06/12/2016 14:10

er © BRÉAL, 1 trimestre 2017 Toute reproduction même partielle interdite ISBN :978-2-7495-35920

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 2

06/12/2016 14:10

Avant-propos

SOMMAIRE

Écologie et environnement - Ecology and environment 1. La terre - The earth 2. Biodiversité et écosystèmes - Biodiversity and ecosystems 3. Géographie physique et géologie - Physical geography and geology 4. Hydrologie et pédologie - Hydrology and pedology 5. La planète en danger - Endangered planet 6. Avancées écologiques - Advances in ecology

Risques et pollution - Risks and pollution 1. Menaces environnementales - Environmental threats 2. Catastrophes naturelles - Natural disasters 3. Pollution atmosphérique - Air pollution 4. Limnologie et océanographie - Limnology and oceanography 5. Déforestation - Deforestation 6. Désertification - Desertification

Gouvernance environnementale - Environmental governance 1. Les enjeux environnementaux - Environmental issues 2. L’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU) - United Nations Organization (UNO) 3. Stratégie européenne - European strategy 4. Stratégie nationale - National strategy 5. Énergies alternatives - Alternative energy 6. Écologie de la restauration - Ecology restoration 7. Agriculture - Agriculture 8. Écologie industrielle - Industrial ecology

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 3

5

7

7

9

12 16 18 26

4

1

41 50 53

56 59 61

6

5

6

5

67 72 75 79 83 85 89

3

06/12/2016 14:10

S OMMAIRE

9. Urbanisme - Town planning 10. L’habitat - Housing 11. Transports et mobilité - Transport and mobility 12. Coût de l’environnement et taxes - Environmental cost and taxes 13. Politique écologique - Ecological policy 14. Politique de santé - Health policy 15. Gestion des déchets - Waste management 16. Éco-construction - Eco design

Index français

Index anglais

4

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 4

92 96 99

102 105 109 116 122

127

147

06/12/2016 14:10

AVANTPROPOS

Longtemps délaissées, les questions liées à l’environnement et au développement durable ont fini par s’imposer. Depuis quelques années, on assiste à une véritable prise de conscience à tous les niveaux de la société. Désormais, les entreprises et les collectivités sont tenues de respecter les réglementations européennes et mondiales. La protection de l’environnement et le développement durable sont devenus des enjeux majeurs ; d’où les besoins en termes d’emploi, la création d’un secteur économique et de nouveaux métiers. Maîtriser la terminologie relative à ces nouveaux domaines d’activités est indispensable. Ce lexique français-anglais sans aucune prétention d’exhaustivité permet d’acquérir ou de réviser les mots clés de l’environnement et du développement durable. Il est destiné aux étudiants en BTS, en IUT, en DUT, en licence, mais également aux élèves des écoles d’ingénieurs, aux traducteurs, aux professionnels du secteur environnemental et à tous ceux qui s’intéressent à ces questions.

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 5

L’auteur

5

06/12/2016 14:10

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 6

06/12/2016 14:10

ÉCOLOGIE ET ENVIRONNEMENT

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

1

LA TERRE THE EARTH

archipel archipelago Les Saintes is the most picturesque island of the Guadeloupe archipelago. astronomie astronomy Astronomy is the study of matter and phenomena in the universe, especially in outerspace, and the processes that govern the lifecycle of those objects. baie bay The San Francisco Bay. boussole compass chaîne de montagnes mountain range The Andes are one of the most famous mountain ranges in the world. côte coast The Australian coast has variations in cli- mate, oceanography and geology crique cove, creek A cove is a small indentation or recess in the shoreline of a sea, lake, or river. croissant de lune crescent (crescent moon, waxing moon/young moon)

A waxing crescent moon is always seen in the west after sunset. courant current, stream An ocean current is the general horizontal movement of a body of ocean water, gen- erated by various factors, such as earth’s rotation, temperature, salinity, tides, wind etc. détroit strait Cook Strait lies between the main North and South Islands of New Zealand. échancré indented, jagged Norway’s jagged coastal strip. écorce terrestre Earth’s crust The Earth’s crust is divided into two types: oceanic crust and continental crust. étendre (s’) spread (to) étoile star > étoile filante (shooting) star A shooting star is a piece of rock or dust that hits Earth’s atmosphere from space. > étoile polaire pole star A pole star can be seen in the northern part of the world. falaise cliff

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 7

7

06/12/2016 14:10

É COLOGIE ET ENVIRONNEMENT

fuseau horaire time zone Time zone is one of the 24 areas that the world is divided into for measuring time. galets pebbles, shingle glacier glacier New Zealand’s glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. hémisphère céleste austral southern sky Treasures of the Southern Sky celebrates the remarkable beauty and rich variety of the southern sky. île island The Chatham Islands were first inhabited by the Moriori people, Polynesians with similar origins to the New Zealand Maori.

littoral, rivage littoral, coast The Adriatic Littoral.

méridional southern Notorious for having some of the strongest winds and largest waves on the planet, the Southern Ocean refers to the ring of ocean that circles Antarctica.

miroiter glimmer (to)

montagneux mountainous observatoire observatory The 4,200 metre high summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii houses the world’s largest observatory for optical, infrared, and sub- millimeter astronomy equipment. occidental western Western Sahara. oriental, de l’est eastern Eastern Africa.

8

paysage landscape Australian landscapes are stunning.

péninsule peninsula The Birds of the Iberian Peninsula was written by Ernest Garcia. plage beach promontoire headland Headlands and bays most commonly form along discordant coastlines. ravin ravine rayon beam, ray Solar thermal plants use the sun’s rays to heat liquid, which is then used to heat water and produce steam.

récif de corail coral reef Found in more than 100 countries around the world, coral reefs are threatened by the continuously growing human popula- tion and global warming.

relief (le) relief The difference between the highest and lowest elevations in an area is called relief.

rivage shore The land along the edge of a lake, river, or sea is called the shore.

rocher rock Ayers Rocks, or Uluru (Australia), the largest monolith in the world consists of a vast red rock rising 335 m above the surrounding plain with a circumference of 10 km.

> rocheux rocky

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 8

06/12/2016 14:10

savane savanna (h) The Tropical Savanna Grasslands are found in the centre of continents between 5 and 15° north and south of the equator.

séparer divide (to)

septentrional northern Northern Territory is an administrative division of N central Australia, bordering on the Timor and Arafura Seas.

sommet enneigé snow-capped summit The top of Mount Kilimanjaro is partially snow-capped.

système solaire solar system In addition to planets, the solar system is also made up of moons, asteroids, comets, minor planets, and dust and gas.

terre ferme land Written by an American scholar, Virgin Land uses the myth-symbol approach to explain the history of the American West and its effect on American policy.

tourner, graviter revolve (to)

voie lactée (La) Milky Way (The) The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with a bulge at its centre and a surrounding spi- ral disc of stars, gas and dust.

2

BIODIVERSITÉ

ET ÉCOSYSTÈMES

BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS

ADN DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a chem- ical substance that contains genetic

E COLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

information and is found in all living cells and some viruses. animal domestique domestic animal Most domestic animals have smaller brains and less acute sense organs than their wild ancestors. animal de la ferme farm animal Farm animals including cows, sheep, pigs, chickens and goats, can carry diseases and pass them to people.

animal marin marine animal/mammal The US government allows the capture of wild marine mammals for public display. Aquariums and parks are like prisons where animals are kept in captivity.

arbre à feuilles caduques deciduous tree Deciduous trees are plants that drop their leaves for part of the year, usually during periods of dryness or cold weather.

arbre à feuillage persistant evergreen (tree) The term evergreen refers to trees, shrubs, or other plants that shed their foliage yearly.

avifaune avifauna The avifauna of the British Virgin Islands has received little attention from researchers.

bactérie bacterium, bacteria (plur.) Bacteria are microorganisms (very small living things) that are the basis of fermen- tation and infectious diseases.

biocénose biocenosis (sing.), biocenoses (plur.) Biocenosis refers to a group of interacting organisms that live in a particular habitat and form an ecological community.

biologie végétale plant biology

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 9

9

06/12/2016 14:10

É COLOGIEETENVIRONNEMENT

biomasse biomass Biomass (plant material and animal waste) is the oldest source of renewable energy, used since our ancestors learnt the secret of fire.

biome biome The continued heavy exploitation of some biomes, such as the forest, freshwater, and marine, may have more severe implica- tions in the future.

biosphère biosphere The biosphere refers to the area of the planet where organisms live, including the ground and the air.

biotique biotic A biotic factor is a living thing, such as an animal or plant, that influences or affects an ecosystem.

biotope biotope Biotope is the region of a habitat associ- ated with a particular ecological commu- nity (animals and plants). céréales cereals Cereals are generally of the gramineous family and refer to crops harvested for dry grain only. classification des espèces, taxinomie/taxonomie species classification, taxonomy The classification of living things is called “Taxonomy.” couverture végétale plant/vegetation cover Vegetation cover is commonly used to eval- uate terrestrial environmental conditions. destruction de l’habitat habitat destruction Habitat destruction is the major danger to wildlife.

10

détruire destroy, scrap (to) Human activities destroy the environment. disparaître (espèces), être en voie de disparition disappear, become extinct (species), be nearly extinct (to) disparition (en voie de), menacé extinction > espèce en voie de disparition endangered species “WWF is committed to saving endan- gered species.” diversité génétique genetic diversity Genetic diversity refers to the vast num- bers of different species and the diversity within a species. droits des animaux animal rights écosphère ecosphere The ecosphere refers to the biosphere, together with all the ecological factors that operate on organisms. écosystème aquatique aquatic/marine/water ecosystem Rising acidity of the oceans is a threat to marine ecosystems. équilibre écologique ecological/environmental balance, the balance of nature équilibre pédologique soil equilibrium espèce species espèce en voie de disparition cf. « disparition » faune marine marine fauna/species Many marine species live in specific habitats.

fertilité des sols soil fertility

N4882_Les-mots-cles-de-l-environnement-et-du-developpement-durable_BAT.indd 10

06/12/2016 14:10