English - Ciyawo Learner's Dictionary

Description

The English-Ciyawo dictionary has been designed to help Yawo learners improve their English language skills for undertaking secondary school and university in the following ways: It helps a Yawo learner identify and learn the 3,000 most important and frequently used words in the English language. It gives a learner the most important meanings of each English word. It shows a learner how an English word is used in a sentence and also gives a translation of each sentence in Ciyawo to help a learner fully grasp the meaning.

Informations

• Publié par: Mzuni Press
• Date de parution: 27 février 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• EAN13: 9789996045295
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Copyright © 2018 Ian D. Dicks
First Published 2018
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the copyright holder.
Published by Mzuni Press P/Bag 201 Luwinga, Mzuzu 2 Malawi

The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 8th Edition was originally published in English in 2010. Adapted extracts used in this bilingual edition are published by arrangement with Oxford University Press.
ISBN 978-99960-45-28-8
eISBN 97-99960-45-29-5
Mzuni Press is represented outside Malawi by:
African Books Collective Oxford (also for e-books) ( [e-mail] )
www.africanbookscollective.com
www.mzunipress.blogspot.com
www.facebook.com/Ciyawo-English-Dictionary-Project-271718039673958
Acknowledgements
Cover Design - Oswald Kurten
Graphic Design & Layout - Oswald Kurten
Office oversight - Itumetsi Mkumpha
Finance - Wendy Dicks
Contractual advice - Ivan James
Printed & bound by Novus Print Solutions, a Novus Holding company, Cape Town, South Africa Oxford University Press Representatives - Joseph Noble & Patrick White
Dictionary Compilation Software – TshwaneLex
Centre for Language Studies, Zomba, University of Malawi
Contents
Aa
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ee
Ff
Gg
Hh
Ii
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Oo
Pp
Qq
Rr
Ss
Tt
Uu
Vv
Ww
Xx
Yy
Zz
Ana ligongo cici kuli kwakusosekwa kupanganya dikishonale ja ŵakulijiganya Cingelesi mu Ciyawo?
Ciyawo cili ciŵeceto cakupagwa naco ŵandu ŵakwana 2.5 miliyoni ku yilambo ya Malawi, Mozambique ni Tanzania. Ku Malawipe, ŵandu ŵakupunda 1.7 miliyoni akusaŵeceta Ciyawo ku nyumba syawo, cacili ciŵalanjilo cakupunda 13.5% ja ciŵalanjilo ca ŵandu m’cilambo cosope ca Malawi. Atamose kuti Ciyawo cikusaŵecetegwa ni ŵandu ŵajinji, pangali mabuku gakwanila gampaka gakamucisye ŵakulijiganya kuti ajawusye pasogolo ukombosi wawo wa ciŵeceto ca Cingelesi. Ku Malawi, Chichewa cili ciŵeceto cekulungwa cakusakamulisya masengo m’sukulu sya pulayimale, nambo Cingelesi cikusakamula masengo ku sekondale, m’mayunifesite ni m’makoleji. Dikishonaleji jipanganyigwe mwakwaganicisya ŵakulijiganya, mnopemnope ŵakusaka kwawusya pasogolo ukombosi wa ciŵeceto ca Cingelesi pandaŵi jakukosecela majiganyo ga ku sekondale, nambo soni m’mayunifesite ni m’makoleji. Cijakamucisye soni ŵandu ŵakusaka kwawusya pasogolo ukombosi wawo wa ciŵeceto ca Cingelesi pakwenda m’yilambo yine, pakutenda malonda ni pakukunguluka ni ŵandu ŵane. Dikishonaleji cijakamucisye ŵakulijiganya ŵa Ciyawo m’matala aga: cijape upile wakugapikanicisya maloŵe gagali gakusosekwa mnope nambo soni gagakusakamula mnope masengo m’ciŵeceto ca Cingelesi. Nambo soni dikishonaleji jikupeleka ngopolelo sya maloŵe gelega ni kulosya mwampaka agakamulicisye masengo mu yiganisyo ni m’misigasyangani.
Ana cakusosekwa mnope cakwamba maloŵe ga mu dikishonaleji ni cici?
M’ciŵeceto ca Cingelesi mwana maloŵe gakwana 170,000 gagakusakamula masengo. Gagali maloŵe gejinji! Ana jwakulijiganya mpaka amanyilile kuti akwenela kulijiganya gapi mwa maloŵega? Kupitila pakuwungunya kwekulungwa, ciwanja ca Oxford University Press capatile maloŵe 3,000 gakusosekwa mnope nambo soni gagakusakamula masengo mnope mu ciŵeceto ca Cingelesi. Naga kulijiganya maloŵe 3,000 gelega, jwakulijiganya cacikola ukombosi wakupikana ciŵandika 85% ja yakulembegwa cisawu mabuku, nyusipepala, maatiko ni yine.
Liloŵe lya Cingelesi lililyose lyaligopolelegwe mu dikishonaleji likutyocela mu mndandanda wa maloŵe gakusosekwa mnope nambo soni gakukamula masengo mnope wakupanganyigwa ni ciwanja ca Oxford University Press.
Ŵandu ŵa yiŵeceto yakulekangana akusayiwona ni kuyigopolela yindu mwakulekangana
Pacaŵalanjeje ngopolelo sya maloŵe ga Cingelesi mu dikishonaleji komboleka kuyiwona kuti ngopolelo sine sikulekangana ni mwakusaganicisya kapena ni mwakusati kukamulisya masengo ndaŵi syosope. Kulekangana kweleku nganiwuŵa ulemwa, nambo tumanyilile kuti ŵandu ŵa ndamo syakulekanganalekangana akusayiwona ni kuyigopolela yindu mwakulekanganalekangana. Mu dikishonaleji tulinjile kugopolela maloŵe malingana ni yakusati kugapikana maloŵego acimsyene ŵaŵapali naco Cingelesi, mnopemnope ŵandu ŵakutyocela yilambo ya ku United Kingdom, Australia, Canada ni United States of America. Mwacilandanyo, m’cigopolelo cetu ca liloŵe lyakuti ‘dog’ tulondesisye kuti ‘dog’ cili cinyama cakulanga kuti cikusangalasyeje, cisakuleje kapena cilondeleje pa malo. Nambo kwa ŵandu ŵa Ciyawo mbwa ngakusajiganicisya kuŵa cinyama cakwasangalasya ŵandu. Mbwa, mnopemnope, jikusakamula masengo gakusakula yinyama kapena kulondela yindu. Nambope ŵandu ŵajinji ŵakusaŵeceta Cingelesi mpela ciŵeceto cakupagwa naco akusasunga cinyamaci mpela cakwasangalasya. Nganisyo syelesi sili syakusosegwa kusipikanicisya pakatema katukulijiganya mate ga liloŵe lyakuti ‘dog’, lyalili ku Cingelesi. Nganisyosi sikutusalila uwe kuti jemanjawo akusaciwona cinyamaci mwakulekangana ni mwakusaciwonela ŵane.
Mpaka akamulisye masengo camtuli dikishonale jeleji?
Dikishonale jeleji cijakamucisye ŵakulijiganya kumanyilila kalembe kakulondola ka maloŵe ga Cingelesi. Cijakamucisye kumanyilila ngopolelo sya maloŵe nambo soni kuti mpaka akamulisye masengo uli maloŵe gelega pakugalemba kapena kugaŵeceta m’yiganisyo ni m’misigasyangani.
Dikishonaleji jikupeleka ngopolelo sya liloŵe syakwana pane mcece. Ngopolelosi sikuŵaga mate gakulekanganalekangana ga liloŵelyo. Dikishonale jeleji jikusala soni kuti liloŵelyo lili upande waci wa maloŵe. Yeleyi yikolanjigwa kuti upande wa maloŵe (part of speech). Dikishonaleji jikupitilisya kulosya upande wa liloŵe lililyosye, pakuya malamusi ga ciŵeceto. Mena ga mawupande gelega, pampepe ni maloŵe gane gakusosekwa galembegwe mu mndandanda wawupelecegwe mwiŵandamu (tables 1 & 2). Ngopolelo jilijose ja liloŵe mu dikishonaleji jikwika ni cilandanyo cakulosya mwampaka liwonecele kapena mwampaka likamulile masengo liloŵelyo m’ciganisyo.
Mpaka agapate uli maloŵe mu dikishonaleji?
Maloŵe gosope ga Cingelesi gagagopolelegwago galembegwe pakuya mndandanda wa yilembo ya ciŵeceto (alphabet). Kuti alipate liloŵe lyakusosa, akwenela kuganisya kaje ya yilembo yalikutandila liloŵelyo. Akwenela kutanda kulola cilembo candanda ca liloŵelyo kaneko ni kulola yilembo yine yakuyicisya, pakulekanganya ni maloŵe gane gagakwete yilembo yakulandanila kundanda. Mwacilandanyo, liloŵe lya Cingelesi lyakuti ‘acid’ likusayika mkaniliyice liloŵe lyakuti ‘bed’ ligongo lyakuti mu mndandanda wa maloŵe ga mu Cingelesi cilembo ca ‘a’ cikusayika mkaniciyice cilembo ca ‘b’. Kaneko akwenela kusosa maloŵe gagakwete yilembo yiŵili yakundanda yakulandana ni liloŵe lyakusosalyo. Mwacilandanyo, liloŵe lya ‘bat’, mu dikishonaleji likuwoneka mkaniliyice liloŵe lya ‘bed’ ligongo lyakuti liloŵe lya ‘bat’ likwete cilembo ca ‘a’ mpela cilembo cakuyicisya ku cilembo candanda. Nambo liloŵe lya ‘bed’ likwete cilembo ca ‘e’ mpela cakuyicisya ku cilembo candanda ca liloŵelyo. Naga ali agapatile mapeji gagakwete yilembo yakutandilayo akwenela kulolecesya mwinani kapena pasi kapena pa mapeji gosopego mpaka ali alipatile liloŵe lyakulisosalyo. Akumbucile kuti maloŵe ga Cingelesi komboleka kola kalembe kakulandana nambo gali gakulekangana mawupande gakwe ga maloŵe (lina, msali, mlondecesya ni yine). Mwacilandanyo, liloŵe lya ‘back’ likwete kalembe kamo nambo lilyolyo komboleka kuŵa lina, msali, mlondecesya nambo soni mjonjecesi. Ayi yigopolela kuti kuli kwakusosekwa kulolecesya upande wa maloŵe walili liloŵelyo. Myoyo cacikombola kupikanicisya kwene mwampaka alikamulicisye masengo cenene liloŵelyo m’yiganisyo.
Yatutite kulosya yimanyilo ya makuga ga mena ga Ciyawo mu dikishonaleji
Yindu yine yakusimanikwa m’mawupande ga dikishonale jeleji yili yakusosekwa kuyilondecesya mwakwanila. Maloŵe ga Cingelesi gejinji gakwete yigopolelo yakwe m’Ciyawo. Nambo maloŵe gane gangali yigopolelo ya mu Ciyawo. Pa ligongo lyeleli nganitupeleka yigopolelo ya maloŵego m’Ciyawo.
Kwa maloŵe ga Cingelesi gane, yili yangakomboleka kulemba maloŵe gakulandana nago ngopolelo ga m’Ciyawo, ligongo yeleyi mpaka yimale malo. Pa lyele ligongoli tukamulisye masengo maloŵe gaŵili gagakwimila maloŵe gane gosope, gagakwete cimanyilo ca makuga ga mena ga cindu ‘ci’ ni cimanyilo ca makuga ga mena ga mundu kapena ŵandu ‘ju’ kapena ‘ŵa’. Cilandanyo ca yeleyi cili mkwimilam’malo jwa liloŵe lya Cingelesi ‘other’. Mu dikishonale jetuji, cagawoneje maloŵe gaŵili ga Ciyawo gagakugopolela yiganisyo yayigopolela liloŵe lya Cingelesili ‘other’. Maloŵe gelega gali ‘cine’ ni ‘ŵane