English Grammar

Muhammad Ali Alkhuli

Description

Most books on grammar emphasize syntax; they either ignore morphology almost completely or give it inadequate attention. Some grammar books, if they deal with morphology, include very few or no morphology exercises. For these reasons, the idea of this book has come into existence and, consequently, this book has become؟ reality.
The book contains ten chapters. Chapter؟ deals with word structure; Chapter؟ deals with derivation (prefixes, infixes, suffixes); Chapter؟ discusses compounding in detail; Chapter؟ deals with inflection in detail; Chapter؟ explains the different means of word formation; Chapter؟ deals with nouns (forms, types, noun-markers); Chapter؟ focuses on verbs; Chapter 8, on adjectives; Chapter 9, on adverbs; Chapter 10, on minor word classes.

Sujets

• LANGUAGES

Informations

• Publié par: Dar Al-Falah for Publishing & Distribution
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2004
• Nombre de lectures: 107
• EAN13: 9796500002699
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Dr. Muhammad Ali Alkhuli Publisher: DAR ALFALAH ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟاو ﴩﻨﻠﻟ حﻼﻔﻟا راد :ﴍﺎﻨﻟا P. O. Box 818 818 ب .ص Swaileh 11910 11910 ﺢﻠﻳﻮﺻ Jordan ندرﻷا Tel & Fax [phone] 009626-5411547 ﺲﻛﺎﻓو ﻒﺗﺎﻫ E-mail: [e-mail] Website: www.daralfalah.com .ﻪﻨﻣ ءﺰﺟ يأ وأ بﺎﺘﻜﻟا ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻊﻨ ُم ،نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا ﺐﺟﻮ

English Grammar: Morphology, MA, DA Copyright: 2010 by the Publisher All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be translated, reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 2010 Edition Publisher: DAR ALFALAH ﴩﻨﻠﻟ حﻼﻔﻟا راد :ﴍﺎﻨﻟا ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟاو P. O. Box 818  818 ب .ص Swaileh 11910  11910 ﺢﻠﻳﻮﺻ Jordan  ندرﻷا Tel & Fax 0096265411547 009626-5411547 ﺲﻛﺎﻓو ﻒﺗﺎﻫ Email: [e-mail] Website: www.daralfalah.com ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌا ىﺪﻟ عاﺪﻳﻹا ﻢﻗر 2004/5/1193  425  Alkhuli, Muhammad Ali  English Grammar: Morphology.  Muhammad Ali Alkhuli. Amman: Dar Alfalah,  2004. 215 pages Deposit No. : 1193/5/2004 \English Language\ Descriptors:  Morphology\\Grammar\  .ندرﻷا،ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌا ةﺮﺋاد ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟوﻷا ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟاو ﺔﺳﺮﻬﻔﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ داﺪﻋإ ﻢﺗ **  2004/5/1198 ﴩﻨﻟاو تﺎﻋﻮﺒﻄﳌا ةﺮﺋاد ىﺪﻟ ﻞﺴﻠﺴﺘﳌا ةزﺎﺟﻹا ﻢﻗر (ﻚﻣدر) ISBN 9 9 5 7 – 4 0 1 – 5 3 – x

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English Grammar: MorphologyPreface, MA, DA ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟا ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﷲ ﻢﺴﺑ PREFACE Most books on grammar emphasize syntax; they either ignore morphology almost completely or give it inadequate attention. Some grammar books, if they deal with morphology, include very few or no morphology exercises. For these reasons, the idea of this book has come into existence and, consequently, this book has become a reality. The book contains ten chapters. Chapter 1 deals with word structure; Chapter 2 deals withderivation (prefixes, infixes, suffixes); Chapter 3 discussescompounding in detail; Chapter 4 deals withinflection in detail; Chapter 5 explains the different means ofword formation; Chapter 6 deals withnounstypes, nounmarkers); Chapter 7 (forms, focuses onverbs; Chapter 8, onadjectives; Chapter 9, on adverbs; Chapter 10, onminor word classes. In addition to the ten chapters which deal with the internal word structure and word classes, the book contains eighttablesthirteen and figures, most of which summarize the whole chapter which they belong to. Furthermore, the book contains an appendix (Appendix I) for abbreviations used in the book, another appendix (Appendix II) for symbols, and a third appendix (Appendix III) for the symbols of English phonemes. The book also contains 106 exercises, with 517 exercises for every chapter, at the average of one exercise

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English Grammar: Morphology, MA, DA Preface per two pages. The exercises are distributed throughout the sections of the chapter, not at the end of it. There is one exercise at least after each section inside the chapter. Towards the book end, there is a key to the exercises, which can be used by the student to check his answers of each exercise. Finally, the book contains a selected bibliography and a subject index. It is very important here to remind that this book focuses on morphology, not on syntax, i.e., word structure and the morphological classes of words. Therefore, both the text and exercises focus on words, not on sentences. This book is neither on syntax nor on grammar in general; it is specifically on morphology. Another important point worthy mentioning here is that this book is primarily meant to be a textbook, not an encyclopedia, which includes almost all related units. Students are advised to do the exercise(s) after each section is dealt with, not after finishing all the entire chapter. Students are also advised not to refer to the “Key to Exercises” except after doing all the exercise; this is essential for making them use the book properly. I must thank Dr. Jihad Hamdan for his careful reading of the manuscript of this book and for his valuable comments. Finally, I hope that this book will be of use and interest to students of English, to specialists in linguistics and, more specifically, to students of morphology.  Author Dr. Muhammad Ali Alkhuli 4

English Grammar: Morphology, MA, DA Contents CONTENTS Preface ……………………………………………………… 3 Contents ……………………………………………………. 5 List of Tables ………..........……………………………… 10 List of Figures …………..........………………………….. 10 . 11 Chapter 1 Word Structure …………………… Word Definition ………………………….. 12 Root and Affixation ……………………… 13 Types of Roots ………….………………… 16 Word and Affixes ……...…………………. 17 Morpheme and Allomorph ………..…….. 18 Free and Bound Morphemes …………… 21 Morpheme and Syllable …………………. 22 Morpheme and Word ……………………. 23 Root and Stem ………………………….…. 24 Types of Morphemes ………………….…. 25 Compounds ………………………….….…. 26 Homophones and Homographs ………… 27 .Chapter 2 Affixation ……………………….….…. 29 Prefixes ………………………………….…. 29 Types of Prefixes …….…………………… 36 Suffixes ………………………………….…. 38 Types of Suffixes ………………………… 41 Functions of Suffixes ……………………. 45

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English Grammar: MorphologyContents, MA, DA Intraword Order …………………………. 46 Infixes ……………………………………… 48 Complex Derivation ……………….….…. 49 Constraints on Derivation ………………. 52 Blocking …………………………………… 53 Families of Derivatives ………………….  54 Derivational Rules …………………….…. 55 57 Chapter 3. Compounding ………………………. Structure of Compounds ………………… 57 Head of the Compound ……………….…. 58 Writing Compounds ……………….….…. 60 Compounds within Compounds …….…. 61 Compounds or Phrases? ………………… 62 Types of Compounds ……………………. 63 Paraphrasing Compounds ………………. 65 Noun Compounds ………………………… 67 Adjective Compounds …………………… 69 Verb Compounds …………………………. 69 . 7 Chapter 4 Inflection ………………………………. 1 Inflectional Suffixes ……………….….…. 71 Inflectional and Derivational Suffixes … 75 Suffixal Homophones …………………… 77 Regular and Irregular Inflection …….…. 81 Inflection and Memory ……………….…. 83 Inflection and Class ……………………… 84 6

English Grammar: Morphology, MA, DA Contents mation …………………. Chapter 5. Word For 86 Inflection …………………………………..  86 Derivation …………………………………. 89 Compounding ……………………………..  93 Conversion ………………………………… 94 Clipping ……………………………………. 96 Blending …………………………………… 97 Backformation ……………………………. 98 Acronymy ……………………………….…. 99 Onomatopoeia ………………………….…. 101 Invention …………………………………… 101 Reduplication ……………………………..  102 Antonomasia ……………………………… 102 Chapter 6. ouns ……………………………………. N 104 Form Classes ……………………………… 104 Noun Tests ………………………………… 105 Noun Forms …………………………….…. 107 Plural forms …………………………….…. 108 Collective Nouns …………………………  113 Possessive Form ………….………………. 114 Meanings of the Possessive ………….…. 115 Which Nouns? …………………………….  116 Nounforming Suffixes ………………….  117 Classification of Nouns …………………. 119 Chapter7. Verbs ………………………………….…. 123 Verb Tests …………………………………. 123 7

English Grammar: Morphology, MA, DA Contents Verbforming Suffixes …………………... 124 Verbforming Prefixes …………………... 124 Inflectional Suffixes ……………………... 126 MorphemesAllomorphs of Inflectional 127 Spelling of Inflectional Morphemes ….. 129 Irregular Verbs ……………………………  131 Suppletion …………………………………. 132 Verb Subclasses …………………………..  132 Verb Forms and Usages ………………… 133 Aspect ……………………………………… 135 Voice ……………………………………….. 137 Verb Phrase ………………………………... 137 Chapter 8. Adjectives ……………………………... 140 Adjective Test …………………………….. 140 Inflectional Suffixes ……………………... 141 Irregular Adjectives ……………………… 142 Spelling Rules …………………………….. 144 Types of Adjectives ……………………… 145 Adjective and Prefixes …………………... 149 Adjectiveforming Suffixes …………….. 151 Suffixes Added to Adjectives …………... 153 Compound Adjectives …………………… 153 Adjectives as Nouns ……………………... 155 Chapter 9. Adverb s ………………………………… 156 Adverbforming Suffixes ……………….. 156 Inflectional Suffixes ……………………... 158 8

English Grammar: MorphologyContents, MA, DA Spelling Rules …………………………….. 159 Regular and Irregular Comparatives ….. 159 Twoform Adverbs ……………………….. 160 Doublerole Words ……………………….. 161 Chapter 10. Minor Classes of Words ……… 164 Prepositions ………………………………... 164  Conjunctions ………………………………. 168  Articles ……………………………………... 169  Numerals …………………………………… 170  Pronouns …………………………………… 171  Quantifiers ………………………………… 176  Interjections ……………………………….. 177 179 Key to Exercises ………….......……………………… 201 Selected Bibliography ……………………………. 5 iations Appendix I: Abbrev ……………………. 20 206 Appendix II: Symbols ……………………………. 07 …………. 2 Appendix III: English Phonemes Subject Index ………………………………………….. 208 213 The Author’s Books ………………………………..

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