Uses of Grammar, The

Judith Rodby, W. Ross Winterowd

Description

In this second edition of The Uses of Grammar, Judith Rodby and W. Ross Winterowd develop their successful first edition with new examples, more discussion questions and exercises, and clear explanations of the grammatical principles that teach students to understand grammar conceptually and deeply. The first edition has been completely redesigned visually to enhance learning and retention. Rodby and Winterowd’s The Uses of Grammar 2e is an accessible approach grounded in deep understanding of language acquisition, structure, and even the rhetoric of everyday use. The Uses of Grammar 2e integrates traditional, structural, and functional concepts with ideas from contemporary linguistics and grammatical study. Rather than simply partition the study of grammar from the bottom up—from the parts to the whole—Rodby and Winterowd employ a unique structure based on the differentiation of form and function.

Informations

• Publié par: Parlor Press, LLC
• Date de parution: 03 décembre 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• EAN13: 9781602352520
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

îrst edition with new examples, more discussion questions and exercises, and clear explanations of the grammatical principles that teach students to understand grammar conceptually and deeply. The îrst edition has been completely redesigned visually to enhance learning and retention. Rodby and Winterowd’s accessible approach grounded in deep understanding of language acquisition, structure, and even the rhetoric of integrates traditional, structural, and functional concepts with ideas from contemporary linguistics and grammatical study. Rather than simply partition the study of grammar from the bottom up—from the parts to the whole—Rodby and Winterowd employ a unique structure based on the . This structure is framed around three questions: What are the forms in the grammar of American English? How do those forms function in that grammar? How are they used in real-life speaking and writing to achieve speciîc purposes? Students may learn, for example, how a variety of - cluding nouns, pronouns, verbals, and clauses) can all as nominals. This form/function approach ensures that students learn the uses of grammar as both an object of study and as the living text of social interaction.

thus uses living language to illustrate the practical applications of grammar in our lives. These examples are drawn from a wide variety of sources—newspapers, magazines, books, and the writings of undergraduate students--and from such writers and speakers as Ronald Reagan, Shirley Chisholm, Groucho Marx, Mark Twain, and Jane Addams. Class-tested and reîned to be student- and instructor-friendly, also features “For Discussion” sections that enhance students’ understanding of the principles covered in the text and encourage classroom discussion. “Using Grammar” sections show students how to think about grammar’s function in social relations. “Language Learning” sections summarize critical concepts. Chapter Previews and Chapter Reviews help students anticipate the new principles, rules, and concepts to follow and reinforce learning. Exercises ask students to rehearse new learning, and Challengers ask them to apply this learning to broader issues or more complex problems.

Judith Rodby joined the faculty at California State University, Chico in 1989 after înishing her PhD in the rhetoric, linguistics, and literature program at the University of Southern California. She has been the composition coordinator, writing center director, and coordinator of basic writing. She is currently working primarily in the îeld of English education and is coordinator for the National Writing Project’s National Reading Initiative. She has published in composition, ESL, youth development, and English education.

W. Ross Winterowd was the Bruce R. McElderry Professor Emeritus, University of Southern California, where he founded its PhD program in Rhetoric, Linguistics, and Literature. He authored, coauthored, or edited many essays, reviews, poems, and books, including ASEARCHING FOR FAITH: SKEPTIC’S JOURNEY Parlor Press), (1989, Oxford),(2004, Parlor Press), (2007, ATTITUDES: SELECTED PROSE AND POETRY from thethe Exemplar Award, received the îeld’s highest honor, 2010, he Press). In (2010, Parlor Conference on College Composition and Communication. He passed away in January, 2011, shortly after completing work on

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RODBY WINTEROWD

THE USES OF GRAMMAR THE USES OF GRAMMAR

2E

ARLOR PRESS

GLAMOUR

SECOND EDITION

WRITE

EVERYDAY USE

PURPOSE

SPEAK

IDEAS

FORM

FUNCTION

JUDITH RODBY

W. ROSS WINTEROWD

The Uses of Grammar

The Uses of Grammar

Second Edition

Judith Rodby

W. Ross Winterowd

Paror Press Anderson, Sout Caroîna www.parorpress.com

Paror Press C, Anderson, Sout Caroîna, USA

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 îbrary o Congress Cataogîng-în-Pubîcatîon Data

Rodby, Judît. Te uses o grammar / Judît Rodby, W. Ross Wînterowd. -- 2nd ed.  p. cm. ïncudes bîbîograpîca reerences and îndex.  ïSBN 978-1-6235-25-6 (pbk. : acîd-ree paper) -- ïSBN 978-1-6235-251-3 (mobî) -- ïSBN 978-1-6235-252- (Adobe eBook) -- ïSBN 978-1-6235-253-7 (ePub) 1. Grammar, Comparatîve and genera. 2. înguîstîc anaysîs (înguîstîcs) ï. Wînterowd, W. Ross. ïï. Tîte. P151.R69 211 415--dc23  21146788

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ïnterîor ayout by Cesîe Messenger. Cover desîgn by Davîd Bakesey. Te îrst edîtîon o tîs book was pubîsed by Oxord Unîversîty Press. Prînted on acîd-ree paper.

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Prefacevii Forms, Functions, Uses vii Features vii Language Learning and English as a Second Language The Flexibility of This Book viii An Attitude Toward Grammar ix The Ongoing Process ix Acknowledgments ix

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1 The Uses of Grammar3 Chapter Preview 3 What Is Grammar? 3 Why Study Grammar? 4 History of the Uses of Grammar 4 The Greeks and the Romans 5 The Latin Influence on English Grammar 6 Noah Webster: Grammar as a Description of Language 7 Structuralism 8 Behaviorism 9 Transformational or Universal Grammar 10 Three Views of Grammar 11 Using Grammar: Usage 11 Constitutive Rules 12 Regulative Rules 12 Regulative Rules and Prescriptive Grammar 13

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Contents

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Using Grammar: Language Learning Chapter Review 18

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2 Getting Started: Some Important Concepts19 Chapter Preview 19 Grammaticality: Why Is This a Very Important Concept? Grammaticality, Appropriateness, and Formality 23 Grammatical Judgments 24 Form and Function 26 Sentences: Subject and Predicate 26 Phrases 28 The Parts of Speech 30 Form-Class Words 31 Function Words (Structure-Class Words) 32 Substitution, Addition, Deletion, Movement 34 Chapter Review 36

3 The Forms of Words: Morphology37 Chapter Preview 37 The Lexicon 38 Sources of Words in the English Lexicon 38 Old English (Anglo-Saxon) 38 Languages Other than English 39 Compounds 39 Acronyms 40 Blends 40 Abbreviations 40 Back-Formations 40 Morphemes 41 Bound and Free Morphemes 41 Prefixes and Suffixes 41 Morphemes and Parts of Speech (Derivational Morphemes) Inflectional Morphemes 43 Chapter Review 43

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4 Basic Sentence Types45 Chapter Preview 45 An Illustrative List of the Sentence Types 45 Structure of the Basic Sentence Types 46 Transitive 46 Intransitive 47 Linking 48 Basic Sentence Types’ Relationship to Other Structures Chapter Review 53

5 Verbs: Tense, Auxiliary Verbs, and Modals Chapter Preview 55 Verbs 56 Definition of Verbs 56 Notional Definition 56 Formal Definition 57 Present Tense 59 Past Tense 59 Functional Definition 60 More Functional Tests for Verbs 63 The Verb and the ConjunctionAnd 66 Tense 67 Traditional Names for Tenses 67 Tense and Time 67 Auxiliary Verbs and Modals 70 Do 71 Modals 72 Irregular and Periphrastic Modals 73 Modals and Tense 74 Recapitulation 74 Chapter Review 77

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Contents

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Contents

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6 Verbs: Perfect and Progressive Aspect79 Chapter Preview 79 Aspect 79 Perfect Aspect (HAVE + EN) 80 The Rule for Perfect Aspect with Either Tense or Modal Progressive Aspect (BE + ING) 85 Perfect Progressive Aspect 87 The AUX Rule 89 Verb Groups and the Sentence 91 Finite and Nonfinite Verb Forms 92 Chapter Review 93

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7 Negative, Interrogative, Imperative, Passive95 Chapter Preview 95 Review of Chapters 4 and 5 96 Negative 97 With Auxiliaries 97 Without Auxiliaries: Transitive and Nontransitive Verbs 97 Without Auxiliaries:Be 97 Interrogative 100 Yes/No Questions 100 Sentences with AuxiliariesDo, Modal,Have,Be 100 Sentences in Which Aux Is Only TN 100 Sentences withBeas Main Verb 101 Wh- Questions 101 Imperatives 105 Passive Voice 105 Stative Passive 111 Chapter Review 112

8 Nominals: Nouns and Noun Phrases, NonfiniteVerbs Chapter Preview 113 Nominals and Noun Phrases 114

113

Defining Nouns 115 Notional Definition 115 Formal Definition 115 Functional Definition 117 Common and Proper Nouns 126 Proper Nouns 126 Common Nouns 129 Singular and Plural (Number) 130 The -(e)sPlural 130 Irregular (Mutation) Plurals 131 The -(e)nPlural 131 Plurals from Languages Other than English 131 Count and Noncount Nouns 133 Determiner 134 Nominals—Nonfinite Verbs: Present Participles, Gerunds, and Infinitives 138 Gerunds 138 Infinitives 139 Chapter Review 141

9 Nominals: Pronouns143 Chapter Preview 143 Cases 144 Compound Personal Pronouns 149 Reciprocal Pronouns 153 Demonstrative Pronouns 154 Interrogative Pronouns 156 Indefinite Pronouns 157 Itas Slot Filler 158 Relative Pronouns 160 Personal Pronouns 162 Compound Personal Pronouns 162

Contents

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