Understanding Diane Johnson

Carolyn A. Durham

Description

Understanding Diane Johnson is a biographical and critical study of a quintessential American novelist who has devoted forty-five years to writing about French and American culture. Johnson, who was nominated for the National Book Award three times and the Pulitzer Prize twice, has been a regular contributor to the New York Review of Books since the 1970s and is the author of more than a dozen fiction and nonfiction volumes.

Johnson is well known as a comic novelist who addresses serious social problems. Durham outlines Johnson's continued exploration of women's lives and her experimentation with varied forms of narrative technique and genre parody in the detective novels The Shadow Knows and Lying Low, both award-winning novels. Durham examines Johnson's reinvention of the international novel of manners—inherited from Henry James and Edith Wharton—in her best-selling Franco-American trilogy: Le Divorce, Le Mariage, and L'Affaire.

As the first book-length study of this distinguished American writer, Understanding Diane Johnson surveys an extensive body of work and draws critical attention to a well-published, widely read author who was the winner of the California Book Awards Gold Medal for Fiction in 1997.

Sujets

• Women Authors
• Literary Criticism
• Otra mujer
• América
• Sympathetic character
• Novel of manners
• Susan Gubar
• True History
• Another Woman
• Joyce Johnson
• The Feminine Mystique
• Janet Flanner
• Susan Brownmiller
• Mrs.
• Melodrama
• General officer
• The Importance of Being Earnest
• Diane Johnson
• General
• Joan Didion
• American
• Lillian Hellman
• Anita Brookner
• Mrs Dalloway
• Le Divorce
• Madame Bovary

Informations

• Publié par: University of South Carolina Press
• Date de parution: 27 août 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781611171983
• Langue: English

Extrait

UNDERSTANDING
DIANE JOHNSON
UNDERSTANDING CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN LITERATURE
Matthew J. Bruccoli, Founding Editor
Linda Wagner-Martin, Series Editor
Volumes on
Edward Albee | Sherman Alexie | Nelson Algren | Paul Auster
Nicholson Baker | John Barth | Donald Barthelme | The Beats
Thomas Berger | The Black Mountain Poets | Robert Bly
T. C. Boyle | Raymond Carver | Fred Chappell | Chicano Literature
Contemporary American Drama | Contemporary American Horror Fiction
Contemporary American Literary Theory
Contemporary American Science Fiction, 1926-1970
Contemporary American Science Fiction, 1970-2000
Contemporary Chicana Literature | Robert Coover | Philip K. Dick
James Dickey | E. L. Doctorow | Rita Dove | John Gardner | George Garrett
Tim Gautreaux | John Hawkes | Joseph Heller | Lillian Hellman | Beth Henley
James Leo Herlihy | John Irving | Randall Jarrell | Charles Johnson
Diane Johnson | Adrienne Kennedy | William Kennedy | Jack Kerouac
Jamaica Kincaid | Etheridge Knight | Tony Kushner | Ursula K. Le Guin
Denise Levertov | Bernard Malamud | David Mamet | Bobbie Ann Mason
Colum McCann | Cormac McCarthy | Jill McCorkle | Carson McCullers
W. S. Merwin | Arthur Miller | Lorrie Moore | Toni Morrison s Fiction
Vladimir Nabokov | Gloria Naylor | Joyce Carol Oates | Tim O Brien
Flannery O Connor | Cynthia Ozick | Walker Percy | Katherine Anne Porter
Richard Powers | Reynolds Price | Annie Proulx | Thomas Pynchon
Theodore Roethke | Philip Roth | May Sarton | Hubert Selby, Jr.
Mary Lee Settle | Neil Simon | Isaac Bashevis Singer | Jane Smiley
Gary Snyder | William Stafford | Robert Stone | Anne Tyler | Gerald Vizenor
Kurt Vonnegut | David Foster Wallace | Robert Penn Warren | James Welch
Eudora Welty | Tennessee Williams | August Wilson | Charles Wright
UNDERSTANDING
DIANE JOHNSON
Carolyn A. Durham

The University of South Carolina Press
2012 University of South Carolina
Cloth edition published by the University of South Carolina Press, 2012
Ebook edition published in Columbia, South Carolina,
by the University of South Carolina Press, 2012
www.sc.edu/uscpress
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition as follows:
Durham, Carolyn A.
Understanding Diane Johnson / Carolyn A. Durham.
p. cm. - (Understanding contemporary American literature)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-61117-075-7 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Johnson, Diane, 1934- -Criticism and interpretation. I. Title.
PS3560.O3746Z58 2012
813 .54-dc23
2012008084
ISBN 978-1-61117-198-3 (ebook)
For John, Deb, and Diane herself
CONTENTS
Series Editor s Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1
Understanding Diane Johnson
Chapter 2
The Southern California Novels: Fair Game, Loving Hands at Home, Burning
Chapter 3
The Northern California Novels: The Shadow Knows, Lying Low, Health and Happiness
Chapter 4
The Franco-American Trilogy: Le Divorce, Le Mariage, L Affaire
Chapter 5
The Travel Novels: Persian Nights, Lulu in Marrakech
Chapter 6
Conclusion: Critical Works
Notes
Bibliography
Index
SERIES EDITOR S PREFACE
The Understanding Contemporary American Literature series was founded by the estimable Matthew J. Bruccoli (1931-2008), who envisioned these volumes as guides or companions for students as well as good nonacademic readers, a legacy that will continue as new volumes are developed to fill in gaps among the nearly one hundred series volumes published to date and to embrace a host of new writers only now making their marks on our literature.
As Professor Bruccoli explained in his preface to the volumes he edited, because much influential contemporary literature makes special demands, the word understanding in the titles was chosen deliberately. Many willing readers lack an adequate understanding of how contemporary literature works; that is, of what the author is attempting to express and the means by which it is conveyed. Aimed at fostering this understanding of good literature and good writers, the criticism and analysis in the series provide instruction in how to read certain contemporary writers-explicating their material, language, structures, themes, and perspectives-and facilitate a more profitable experience of the works under discussion.
In the twenty-first century, Professor Bruccoli s prescience gives us an avenue to publish expert critiques of significant contemporary American writing. The series continues to map the literary landscape and provide both instruction and enjoyment. Future volumes will seek to introduce new voices alongside canonized favorites, to chronicle the changing literature of our times, and to remain, as Professor Bruccoli conceived, contemporary in the best sense of the word.
Linda Wagner-Martin, Series Editor
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am grateful to the College of Wooster for supporting the research leave in 2010-11 that allowed me to complete this book and for providing funding from the Henry Luce III Fund for Distinguished Scholarship, which permitted me to interview Diane Johnson in Paris on a number of occasions. I thank Diane Johnson for her willingness to speak with me on a wide variety of topics over a period of several years and especially while I was completing this project. One of the great pleasures in writing this book has been the opportunity to get to know the writer as well as her work. The Filmstrip Acquisitions Endowment from the Harry Ransom Center also provided support for my research. I thank all the librarians and staff members at the Ransom Center, and specifically Richard Workman and Pat Fox, for their courtesy and assistance during my research fellowship. I am grateful to my students at the College of Wooster for the many ways in which they have challenged and encouraged my thinking and my scholarship. In particular Frances (Boo) Flynn patiently helped me track down references and reviews and Katharine Tatum s senior thesis reflected our shared interest in the works of Diane Johnson.
I thank Diane Johnson for permission to quote from our conversations, and I thank the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin for making various materials available.
CHAPTER 1
Understanding Diane Johnson
In the course of her forty-five-year writing career, Diane Johnson has been variously described, including in her own words, as a comic novelist, a novelist of manners, an American novelist, an international novelist, and a travel novelist. Although she does not write poetry or drama, the diversity of her nonfiction work, which includes literary criticism, biography, book reviews, travelogues, and essays, rivals that of her fiction in range and complexity. Although she is best known as a novelist, Johnson s work constitutes an authentic oeuvre in which her key interests, notably the concepts of America and of Americanness, recur in different forms and contexts to enrich the reader s understanding. Because she is a comic novelist who addresses serious social problems, a quintessentially American novelist who characteristically populates her fiction with foreigners and expatriates, and a novelist of manners who reinvents a fictional form commonly viewed as both outmoded and fundamentally alien to the American novel, her career embodies many paradoxes and ironies.
In an initial contradiction, Johnson s lifelong engagement with questions of cultural difference directly contrasts with her own heritage and upbringing. Born in 1934 in Moline, Illinois, the author, like her parents and grandparents before her, grew up in the Midwest in a family with absolutely no ethnic consciousness. In comparison to the colorful relatives, holiday customs, and unusual food enjoyed by classmates of primarily Scandinavian descent, Johnson, a DAR WASP with ancestors who arrived on the Mayflower and fought in the American Revolution, recalls the disappointment she felt at her own boring background. This early experience as a cultural outsider and Johnson s resultant sense of herself as a default American suggest that the novelist s interest in exploring national identity from within a cross-cultural framework and through the eyes of a stranger was developed at a very early age. 1
If Johnson s middle-class upbringing in a bedroom community for the executive class of John Deere is consistent with the largely privileged background common to writers interested in customs and manners, it did not necessarily augur a future as a novelist. Johnson s assertion that she has always been a writer is confirmed both by the childhood diaries she kept with unusual fidelity and the first novel she remembers completing at the age of nine, but at this point in her life it never occurred to her that writing might be a career, let alone her own career. She did not know any living authors, nor, in fact, had she read any, even though her early experience as a Midwestern child from a rather bookish and cultivated home turned her into a passionate reader. 2 She read Jane Austen and was particularly fond of Victorian literature, notably the fiction of William Makepeace Thackeray and Anthony Trollope; Henry James figured especially prominently among the few American novelists she encountered while working her way through the local Carnegie Library s list of the World s Great Novels. This early immersion in the books of writers renowned for their comedic and satirical treatment of society and whose works serve to define the novel of manners clearly influenced Johnson s own fictional practice. Similarly her love of reading remains evident in her extensive nonfiction writing, some of which is devoted to the beloved authors of her youth whom she continues to reread on a regular basis. Even an early interest in foreign travel and in France in particular is evident in the books that she read in childhood. The Francophile librarian in Moline also introduced Johnson to the historical adventures of Alexandre Dumas