Bridging Boundaries in British Migration History

Description

Honouring the legacy of Eric Richards’s work in an interplay of academic essays and personal accounts

This memorial book honours the legacy of Eric Richards’s work in an interplay of academic essays and personal accounts of Eric Richards. Following the Eric Richards methodology, it combines micro- and macro-perspectives of British migration history and covers topics such as Scottish and Irish diasporas, religious, labour and wartime migrations.

Eric Richards was an international leading historian of British migration history and a pioneer at exploring small- and large-scale migrations. His last public intervention, given in Amiens, France, in September 2018, opens the book. It is preceded by a tribute from David Fitzpatrick and Ngaire Naffine’s eulogy. This book brings together renowned scholars of British migration history. The book combines local and global migrations as well as economic and social aspects of nineteenth and twentieth century British migration history.

List of Illustrations; Acknowledgements; Eric Richards: A Personal Tribute, David Fitzpatrick; Eulogy for Eric, Ngaire Naffine; Introduction; Chapter 1 Eric Richards, Positionality and Migration History, Marie Ruiz; Chapter 2 Emigration at Extremes, Eric Richards; PART I MACRO- HISTORY OF MIGRATION Chapter 3 The Distinctive Scottish Diaspora, John M. MacKenzie; Chapter 4 Religion and Convict Emigration: The Probation System in Australia, Hilary M. Carey; Chapter 5 Cypriot Emigration, 1820s–1930s: Economic Motivations within Local and Global Migration Patterns, Andrekos Varnava; Chapter 6 British Colonial Migration in the Nineteenth Century: The Short Route, Bernard Porter; PART II MICRO- HISTORY OF MIGRATION; Chapter 7 A Controversial Scottish Pioneer in New Zealand: James MacAndrew and the Identity of Otago, Marjory Harper; Chapter 8 ‘Empire Made Me?’ English Lower-Middle-Class Migrants and Expatriates, 1860–1930, A. James Hammerton; Chapter 9 Irish Immigrants and the Middle Class in Colonial New Zealand, 1890–1910, Jim McAloon; Chapter 10 ‘We Shall Have a Fine Holiday’: Imperial Sentiment, Unemployment and the 1928 Miner- Harvester Scheme to Canada, Kent Fedorowich; Notes on Contributors; Index.

Sujets

• HISTORY
• Reino Unido
• Social history
• United Kingdom
• History of Europe
• Great Britain
• Royaume-Uni
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: Anthem Press
• Date de parution: 28 septembre 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9781785275197
• Langue: English

Extrait

Bridging Boundaries in British Migration History
Bridging Boundaries in British Migration History
In Memoriam Eric Richards
Edited by Marie Ruiz
Anthem Press
An imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company
www.anthempress.com
This edition first published in UK and USA 2020
by ANTHEM PRESS
75–76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA, UK
or PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK
and
244 Madison Ave #116, New York, NY 10016, USA
© 2020 Marie Ruiz editorial matter and selection;
individual chapters © individual contributors
The moral right of the authors has been asserted.
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020946120
ISBN-13: 978-1-78527-517-3 (Hbk)
ISBN-10: 1-78527-517-8 (Hbk)
This title is also available as an e-book.
To all who knew and admired Eric Richards
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Eric Richards: A Personal Tribute
David Fitzpatrick
Eulogy for Eric
Ngaire Naffine
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 Eric Richards, Positionality and Migration History
Marie Ruiz
Chapter 2 Emigration at Extremes
Eric Richards
PART I MACRO-HISTORY OF MIGRATION
Chapter 3 The Distinctive Scottish Diaspora
John M. MacKenzie
Chapter 4 Religion and Convict Emigration: The Probation System in Australia
Hilary M. Carey
Chapter 5 Cypriot Emigration, 1820s–1930s: Economic Motivations within Local and Global Migration Patterns
Andrekos Varnava
Chapter 6 British Colonial Migration in the Nineteenth Century: The Short Route
Bernard Porter
PART II MICRO-HISTORY OF MIGRATION
Chapter 7 A Controversial Scottish Pioneer in New Zealand: James MacAndrew and the Identity of Otago
Marjory Harper
Chapter 8 ‘Empire Made Me?’ English Lower-Middle-Class Migrants and Expatriates, 1860–1930
A. James Hammerton
Chapter 9 Irish Immigrants and the Middle Class in Colonial New Zealand, 1890–1910
Jim McAloon
Chapter 10 ‘We Shall Have a Fine Holiday’: Imperial Sentiment, Unemployment and the 1928 Miner-Harvester Scheme to Canada
Kent Fedorowich
Notes on Contributors
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figures
1.1 Eric Stapleton Richards (1940–2018)
6.1 Ford Madox Brown (1821–93), The Last of England (1855)
Tables
5.1 Population growth, 1881–1921
5.2 Employment and unemployment numbers, 1891–1921
5.3 Entries and departures, 1931–38
5.4 Population growth, 1921–60
9.1 Birthplace, Cyclopedia biographies
9.2 Cyclopedia and census birthplace compared: Named groups only
9.3 Irish province of birth percentages
9.4 New Zealand residence of Cyclopedia Irish-born
9.5 Occupations of the Irish-born as recorded in Cyclopedia
9.6 Occupations, Ulster and the rest of Ireland
9.7 Estate valuations, sample of Cyclopedia , £ in 1950 values
9.8 Place of birth: Average and median wealth
10.1 Number of applicants
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My thanks go to all the contributors to this volume who have enthusiastically accepted to pay tribute to Eric Richards and to honour his legacy in British migration history. We share fond memories of the conference held in Amiens in September 2018 (‘Colonial and Wartime Migration, 1815–1914’) where most papers were presented, along with Eric’s keynote presentation.
I would like to express my deep gratitude to Ngaire Naffine for sharing her eulogy with us in this volume, for providing the photograph of Eric inserted in introduction and for having Eric’s last paper formatted for publication. This leads me to extend my thanks to Robert Fitzsimons for undertaking the formatting of Eric’s keynote talk at the Amiens conference.
My deepest thanks go to David Fitzpatrick who wrote a very touching foreword to this volume in the very last weeks of his life, while he was fighting against illness. This demonstration of true friendship is invaluable. His legacy will stand the test of time, as will Eric’s.
Additionally, I owe a great deal of thanks to the Université de Picardie Jules Verne for funding the index of this volume, and to Mélanie Torrent for reading the introduction before final submission. I would also like to thank the Glasgow Museum for granting me reduced licence fees and copyright permission to use The Last of the Clan by Thomas Faed as cover image for this volume.
In memory of Eric, all royalties from this memorial volume will be donated to the Multiple Sclerosis Society.
ERIC RICHARDS
A PERSONAL TRIBUTE
David Fitzpatrick
Readers of this collection of scholarly studies on migration do not need to be told of Eric’s unsurpassed mastery of the widely neglected English diaspora, his seemingly effortless intellectual sweep, or his adroitness in juxtaposing general findings with telling individual narratives. These qualities were all evident at the conference in his honour that gave rise to this book, followed so soon by his shocking and sudden death in London. I could not attend, being gravely ill myself, but was later able to watch the proceedings on video. I imagined that I was there with Eric and exchanging glances with him in the lecture room, along with so many of his friends and mine. It never occurred to me that September that it would be my lot to bid Eric farewell.
We were friends and collaborators for over 30 years, brought together by our obsessive desire to make sense of ‘mass’ migration and find some way of sifting through that mass and recovering its individuality, with all the consequent quirks and aberrations. We were particularly interested in looking at unfamiliar sub-strands to set beside the trans-Atlantic diaspora, and (along with Richard Reid) initiated a series of slim volumes entitled Visible Immigrants to uncover neglected sources for migration to Australia. This required me (I was far from reluctant) to make many brief visits to the Australian National University (ANU) and Flinders University so that we could plan and execute our next moves in the struggle for scholarly enlightenment. The small workshops generating that series have continued intermittently and did much to revive interest in the field.
We began with the thorny challenge of emigrant letters, so rich individually yet so hazardous to use as the basis of generalizations about the migratory experience. Eric was a devotee of Charlotte Erickson’s classic Invisible Immigrants , which stood alone for so long in British diaspora studies in its incisive use of personal testimony. We amassed vast quantities of letters through appeals in Australia, abstracting and transcribing many of them during my longest spell at the ANU in 1990–91. Eric was always the sceptic, I the optimist intent on converting a non-sample into a sample by some magic formula. That dynamic never disappeared and, I think, was stimulating for both of us in our separate studies. Eric convinced Cornell University Press that they should publish our twin studies of the letters of Irish and English emigrants in Australia, but in the event only mine came to fruition. The usable Irish sources were just about manageable, but the vastly greater correspondence confronting Eric defied even his formidable powers of organization. But, being Eric, he found countless ways to use many of these letters to powerful illustrative effect.
In later years, I drifted away from migration studies, but we continued to meet regularly in Adelaide and at conferences. Quite recently, as I embarked on a study of return migration to Ireland, our active interests reconverged. Many excessively scholarly friendships would long since have withered, but that never happened if your friend was Eric Richards, as his countless devoted friends in many countries know. This was partly because of his extraordinary tenderness and consideration, his boundless but discreet curiosity and retentiveness, and his ability – never fully masked by the sceptical tone and raised eyebrow – to touch the heart. In our case, as in many others, that involved trying to arrange tennis whenever we met. Though always urbane and immensely enjoyable, these contests were not devoid of competitiveness (perhaps more overt than in our academic work). In tennis too, we had contrasting styles, each unconventional: he was all arms and legs and adept at sallies and interceptions, while I plugged away in back court trying to outmanoeuvre him. Eric did not like losing, and seldom did against me. But on a couple of occasions when I was injured, his response was sweet and sure as he procured an ice-pack or rushed me to a university medical centre. Apart from genuine compassion, he wanted me fully restored for further combat at the first possible moment.
From the very start, our friendship had another dimension, which has become ever more important to me over the years. Ngaire Naffine has been Eric’s besotted and beloved partner and wife throughout that period, a connection not destructible by death. Within our friendship triangle, one of the enduring bonds between Ngai