Promoting Income Security as a Right

Bites

Description

Argues vehemently for the right of every citizen to a basic income.

This book is about an idea that has a long and distinguished pedigree, the idea of a right to a basic income. This means having a modest income guaranteed – a right without conditions, just as every citizen should have the right to clean water, fresh air and a good education. In modern societies the conditions for moving in this direction would seem to be falling into place. Yet in the era of globalization and flexible labour relations, inequalities and insecurities can be expected to remain pervasive. The early years of the 21st century have seen the supremacy of politicians who have preached a very paternalistic alternative vision. The past decade has been one of increased state intervention in social policy; it has been the period of the erosion of industrial citizenship rights whose immediate effect has been a terrible increase in social and economic insecurity.

The case for and against the right to basic income security is considered in this book. It argues that there should be a guaranteed basic income as a citizenship right, paid to each individual, regardless of marital status, work status, age or sex. Some chapters argue that existing selective schemes for income protection are ineffectual, costly and misleading; other chapters present alternative rationales and philosophical justifications for moving towards a new form of universalism based on citizenship economic rights. 'Promoting Income Security as a Right', whose contributors include many distinguished economists, philosophers and other social scientists from across Europe and the USA, will appeal to academics and policymakers alike.

List of Figures; ;List of Tables; Introduction; Section 1. Basic Income as a Right: 1. About time: Basic Income Security as a Right; 2. How Basic Income is Moving up the Policy Agenda: News from the Future; 3. Can there be a Right to Basic Income?; 4. Wasteful Welfare Transactions: Why Basic Income Security in Fundamental; 5. Migration, Citizenship and Welfare State Reform in Europe: Overcoming Marginalization in Segregated Labour Markets; 6. The Liberal's Dilemma: Immigration, Social Solidarity and Basic Income; Section 2. Rationales for Basic Income: 7. The Psychological Rationale for Basic Income; 8. The Limits of Production: Justifying Guaranteed Basic Income; 9. Liberal and Marxist Justifications for Basic Income; 10. Basic Income, Commons and Commodities: The Public Domain Revisited; 11. 'Calling': A Christian Argument for Basic Income; 12. Social Credit as Economic Modernism: Seven Theses; 13. Deliberative Democracy and the Legitimacy of Basic Income; Section 3. Legitimizing Basic Income Politically: 14. Mobilizing Support for Basic Income; 15. A Legitimate Guaranteed Minimum Income; 16. Republicanism and Basic Income: The Articulation of the Public Sphere from the Repoliticization of the Private Sphere; 17. Working Poor in Europe: A Partial Basic Income for Workers; 18. Basic Income, Social Polarization and the Right to Work; 19. Popular Support for Basic Income in Sweden in Finland; 20. The Principle of Universalism: Tracing a Key Idea in the Scandinavian Welfare Model; 21. Women's Politics and Social Policy in Austria; 22. Bio-Economics, Labour Flexibility and Cognitive Work: Why not Basic Income; 23. Exploring Ways to Reconcile Flexible Employment with Social Protection; Section 4. Building Towards Basic Income: 24. On a Path to Just Distribution: The Caregiver Credit Campaign; 25. A Care-Worker Allowance for Germany; 26. Feminist Arguments in Favour of Welfare and Basic Income in Denmark; 27. Public Support for Basic Income Shemes and a Universal Right to Health Care: What the French People Think; 28. Activation of Minimum Income and Basic Income: History of a Comparison of Two Ideas; National and Regional Initiatives: 29. The Universal Grant and Income Support in Spain and the Basque Country; 30. The Impact of Basic Income on the Propensity to Work: Theoretical Gambles and Microeconometric Findings; 31. A Failure to Communicate: The Labour Market Findings of the Negative Income Tax Experiments and their Effects on Policy and Public Opinion; 32. Basic Income and the Means to Self-Govern; 33. The Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend: An experiment in Wealth Distribution; 34. Social Citizenship and Workfare in the United States and Western Europe: From Status to Contract

Sujets

• Welfare economics

Informations

• Publié par: Anthem Press
• Date de parution: 01 mars 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9780857287328
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

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Promoting Income Security as a Right:
Europe and North AmericaPrelims.qxd 3/9/2005 9:58 AM Page iiPrelims.qxd 3/9/2005 9:58 AM Page iii
Promoting Income Security
as a Right: Europe and
North America
Edited by
GUY STANDING
Anthem PressPrelims.qxd 3/9/2005 9:58 AM Page iv
Anthem Press
An imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company
75-76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA
or
PO Box 9779, London SW19 7QA
www.anthempress.com
First edition published by Anthem Press 2004
Revised edition pubyess 2005
Copyright © International Labour Organization 2005
The moral right of the authors to be identified as the authors of this work
has been asserted.
The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with
United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office
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The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other
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endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
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ISBN 1 84331 174 7 (pbk)
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CONTENTS
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Introduction xiii
Section 1. Basic Income as a Right
1. About time: Basic income security as a right 1
Guy Standing
2. How basic income is moving up the policy agenda: News
from the future 41
Anthony Atkinson
3. Can there be a right to basic income? 53
Raymond Plant
4. Wasteful welfare transactions: Why basic income security
is fundamental 69
Claus Offe
5. Migration, citizenship and welfare state reform in Europe:
Overcoming marginalization in segregated labour markets 83
Roswitha Pioch
6. The Liberal’s dilemma: Immigration, social solidarity and
basic income 97
Ron Dore
Section 2. Rationales for Basic Income
7. The psychological rationale for basic income 101
Rosamund Stock
8. The limits of production: Justifying guaranteed basic income 107
Sibyl Schwarzenbach
9. Liberal and Marxist justifications for basic income 115
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vi CONTENTS
10. Basic income, commons and commodities: The public
domain revisited 131
Michael Krätke
11. ‘Calling’: A Christian argument for basic income 147
Torsten Meireis
12. Social credit as economic modernism: Seven theses 165
Alan Dyer
13. Deliberative democracy and the legitimacy of basic income 181
Jørn Loftager
Section 3. Legitimizing Basic Income Politically
14. Mobilizing support for basic income 197
Steven Shafarman
15. A legitimate guaranteed minimum income? 209
Stefan Liebig and Steffen Mau
16. Republicanism and basic income: The articulation of the
public sphere from the repoliticization of the private sphere 231
Daniel Raventós and David Casassas
17. Working poor in Europe: A partial basic income for workers 255
Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn
18. Basic income, social polarization and the right to work 273
José Noguera and Daniel Raventós
19. Popular support for basic income in Sweden and Finland 289
Jan Otto Andersson and Olli Kangas
20. The principle of universalism: Tracing a key idea in the
Scandinavian welfare model 303
Nanna Kildal and Stein Kuhle
21. Women’s politics and social policy in Austria 327
Sabine Stadler
22. Bio-economics, labour flexibility and cognitive work:
Why not basic income 337
Andrea Fumagalli
23. Exploring ways to reconcile flexible employment with
social protection 351
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CONTENTS vii
Section 4. Building Towards Basic Income
24. On a path to just distribution: The caregiver credit campaign 363
Theresa Funiciello
25. A care-worker allowance for Germany 369
Michael Opielka
26. Feminist arguments in favour of welfare and basic income
in Denmark 385
Erik Christiensen
27. Public support for basic income schemes and a universal
right to health care: What the French people think 407
Christine le Clainche
28. Activation of minimum income and basic income:
History of a comparison of two ideas 433
Gianluca Busilacchi
National and Regional Initiatives
29. The universal grant and income support in Spain and
the Basque Country 467
Luis Sanzo-González
30. The impact of basic income on the propensity to work:
Theoretical gambles and microeconometric findings 483
Claude Gamel, Didier Balsan and Josiane Vero
31. A failure to communicate: The labour market findings of
the negative income tax experiments and their effects on
policy and public opinion 503
Karl Widerquist
32. Basic income and the means to self-govern 543
Simon Wigley
33. The Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend: An experiment in
wealth distribution 553
Scott Goldsmith
34. Social citizenship and workfare in the United States and
Western Europe: From status to contract 567
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LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 In-work income-tested benefit 43
2.2 Pensioner credit in the United Kingdom 47
2.3 Poverty rate in EU, 1997 49
15.1 Vignettes 216
15.2 Evaluation task 218
17.1 Poverty rates in the member states of the European union (%) 259
17.2 Shares of the working poor among all poor in the member
states of the European Union (%) 260
17.3 Employment status of the working-age poor in the member
states of the Eur 261
17.4 Working poor rates in the member states of the European Union
(% of the population) 262
17.5 The income distribution process and poverty 263
17.6 Causes of poverty of workers in the member states of the
European Union (% of working poor) 264
17.7 A model for a partial basic income for workers 266
19.1 Explanatory models for basic income in Finland and Sweden 299
21.1 Preferred models of distribution of paid work between partners
in two-adult households (couples with at least one of the partners
in paid employment, %) 330
30.1 Negtaive substitution effects (on incentive to work) of differential
and degressive allowances 488
30.2 The zero substitution effects of the universal grant and positive
substitution effects of the EITC 488
31.1 Academic articles published each year on the NIT experiments
(working papers, journal articles and book chapters) 510
31.2 The work disincentive effect 513
31.3 Workers receiving NIT 513
31.4 Completely inelastic demand 516
31.5 Completely elastic demand 517
31.6 The range of possible market responses to a given horizontal
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LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Opinions on income limits (weighted %), multiple responses 20
1.2 single response 21
5.1 Selected indicators on GDP levels and factor prices, 1998 85
15.1 Description of the sample (N = 121) 215
15.2 Income subsidy and traits of the vignettes for respondents
favouring or opposing a State-financeed basic income
(linear regression models) 223
15.3 Regression results for employed and unemployed
(only respondents favouring a State-financed basic income,
linear regression model) 224
18.1 Social and tax benefits according to entitlement conditions 274
18.2 Equivalence between three different ways of reducing
income polarization 278
19.1 Negative income tax 293
19.2 Basic income 293
19.3 Participation income 293
19.4 Sweden 295
19.5 Finland 295
19.6 Earned income tax credit 295
19.7 More stringent conditions 296
19.8 Third sector employment 296
19.9 Individual responsible for unemployment 297
19.10 Society responsible fyment 297
19.11 Individual responsible for poverty 297
19.12 Level of basic income 298
21.1 Women’s average earnings as a percentage of men’s, 1998 329
21.2 The impact of the introduction of childcare benefit as
family income (Austrian Schilings per month) 334
25.1 Typology of family models and policies in Germany 375
26.1 Fraser’s two ideal types for a post-industrial welfare state 395
27.1 Support fo