Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust
235 pages
English

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235 pages
English

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Description

Examines the history of antisemitism in the European Christian churches


In recent years, the mask of tolerant, secular, multicultural Europe has been shattered by new forms of antisemitic crime. Though many of the perpetrators do not profess Christianity, antisemitism has flourished in Christian Europe. In this book, thirteen scholars of European history, Jewish studies, and Christian theology examine antisemitism's insidious role in Europe's intellectual and political life. The essays reveal that annihilative antisemitic thought was not limited to Germany, but could be found in the theology and liturgical practice of most of Europe's Christian churches. They dismantle the claim of a distinction between Christian anti-Judaism and neo-pagan antisemitism and show that, at the heart of Christianity, hatred for Jews overwhelmingly formed the milieu of 20th-century Europe.


Preface
Introduction: Love Thy Neighbor?

Part 1. Theological Antisemitism
1. Belated Heroism: The Danish Lutheran Church and the Jews, 1918–1945
2. Rabbinic Judaism in the Writings of Polish Catholic Theologians, 1918–1939
3. German Catholic Views of Jesus and Judaism, 1918–1945
4. Catholic Theology and the Challenge of Nazism

Part 2. Christian Clergy and the Extreme Right Wing
5. Working for the Führer: Father Dr. Philipp Haeuser and the Third Reich
6. The Impact of the Spanish Civil War upon Roman Catholic Clergy in Nazi Germany
7. Faith, Murder, Resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church

Part 3. Postwar Jewish-Christian Encounters
8. The German Protestant Church and Its Judenmission, 1945–1950
9. Shock, Renewal, Crisis: Catholic Reflections on the Shoah

Part 4. Viewing Each Other
10. Wartime Jewish Orthodoxy's Encounter with Holocaust Christianity
11. Confronting Antisemitism: Rabbi Philip Sidney Bernstein and the Roman Catholic Hierarchy
12. Old Wine in New Bottles? Religion and Race in Nazi Antisemitism

List of Contributors
Index

Sujets

Informations

Publié par
Date de parution 31 mai 2007
Nombre de lectures 0
EAN13 9780253116741
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 1 Mo

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Extrait

Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust
Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust
EDITED BY
Kevin P. Spicer, C.S.C.

Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Washington, D.C .
This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA
http://iupress.indiana.edu
Telephone orders 800-842-6796
Fax orders 812-855-7931
Orders by e-mail iuporder@indiana.edu
2007 by Indiana University Press
All rights reserved
Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The assertions, arguments, and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum .
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition .
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 .
MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Antisemitism, Christian ambivalence, and the Holocaust / edited by Kevin P. Spicer.
p. cm.
The scholars whose essays appear in this volume met at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in the summer of 2004 for a workshop about the Holocaust and antisemitism in Christian Europe -Preface.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN -13: 978-0-253-34873-9 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN -10: 0-253-34873-0 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Antisemitism-Europe-History-Congresses. 2. Antisemitism-Germany-History-Congresses. 3. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)-Moral and ethical aspects-Congresses. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)-Germany-Congresses. 5. Christianity and antisemitism. 6. National socialism-Germany. I. Spicer, Kevin P., date II. Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies.
DS146.E85A577 2007
940.53 18-dc22
2006033233
1 2 3 4 5 12 11 10 09 08 07
In memory of Monsignor Bernhard Lichtenberg (1875-1943)
CONTENTS
Preface K EVIN P. S PICER
Introduction: Love Thy Neighbor? J OHN T. P AWLIKOWSKI AND K EVIN P. S PICER
I. Theological Antisemitism
1 Belated Heroism: The Danish Lutheran Church and the Jews, 1918-1945
T HORSTEN W AGNER
2 Rabbinic Judaism in the Writings of Polish Catholic Theologians, 1918-1939
A NNA YSIAK
3 German Catholic Views of Jesus and Judaism, 1918-1945
R OBERT A. K RIEG
4 Catholic Theology and the Challenge of Nazism
D ONALD J. D IETRICH
II. Christian Clergy and the Extreme Right Wing
5 Working for the F hrer: Father Dr. Philipp Haeuser and the Third Reich
K EVIN P. S PICER
6 The Impact of the Spanish Civil War upon Roman Catholic Clergy in Nazi Germany
B ETH A. G RIECH -P OLELLE
7 Faith, Murder, Resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church
P AUL A. S HAPIRO
III. Postwar Jewish-Christian Encounters
8 The German Protestant Church and Its Judenmission , 1945-1950
M ATTHEW D. H OCKENOS
9 Shock, Renewal, Crisis: Catholic Reflections on the Shoah
E LIAS H. F LLENBACH
IV. Viewing Each Other
10 Wartime Jewish Orthodoxy s Encounter with Holocaust Christianity
G ERSHON G REENBERG
11 Confronting Antisemitism: Rabbi Philip Sidney Bernstein and the Roman Catholic Hierarchy
S UZANNE B ROWN -F LEMING
12 Old Wine in New Bottles? Religion and Race in Nazi Antisemitism
R ICHARD S TEIGMANN -G ALL
List of Contributors
Index
PREFACE
K EVIN P. S PICER
The scholars whose essays appear in this volume met at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in the summer of 2004 for a workshop about the Holocaust and antisemitism in Christian Europe. Our goal was to examine how the legacy of antisemitism within the Christian churches limited the ability of their clergy and laity to critique National Socialism as evil and unequivocally condemn it.
The Center s workshops provide a unique experience for researchers to gather together outside the confines of their regular college or university milieu and to devote two weeks solely to examining a shared interest. Before the workshop began, each participant prepared an original essay based on primary source material, which we shared with one another. Over the course of the two weeks, we devoted approximately two and a half hours to in-depth discussion of the content of each paper. At the end of our time together, each of us agreed to revise his or her paper for publication. The essays in this volume are the product of this introspective process.
The contributors to this volume agree that the study of the historical and theological basis for antisemitism remains paramount today, as the recent controversy over Mel Gibson s film The Passion of the Christ made clear. 1 It is the responsibility of contemporary scholarship to inform present and future generations of students, scholars, and the broader population about antisemitism s subtleties and intrinsic evils. Through their research, responsible historians and theologians encourage the Christian churches to continue to observe carefully the roles that antisemitism has played and continues to play in their history, theology, and liturgical worship. Although an ever-growing body of literature deals with the study of antisemitism, scholars of Christian and Jewish studies have, until recently, kept a strict but misleading separation between Nazi racial antisemitism and Christian antisemitism. 2
More than twenty years ago, Ulrich von Hehl, an historian of German Catholicism, publicly lamented that historians and theologians had not worked together to study how the churches had responded to National Socialism. Hehl argued that it was very difficult for younger historians to interpret authentically the experience of the Christian churches under National Socialism because of their lack of lived understanding. He also criticized the perceived need on the part of younger historians to pass judgment upon Christianity without an essential understanding of the theology of this period. 3 Since the early 1980s, historians and theologians have made increasing and earnest efforts to address antisemitism in the churches. Normally, these discussions have taken place in individual sessions at conferences dedicated to the study of the Holocaust in general or, alternatively, in conferences dedicated to the study of the 1933-1945 German Kirchenkampf (church struggle). Few, if any, conferences have specifically brought together historians and theologians to discuss antisemitism. 4 Consequently, our workshop sought to address this void by gathering scholars of German, Danish, Polish, and Romanian history alongside scholars of Judaism and Christianity. Our goal was to examine specifically the role antisemitism played in the Christian response to National Socialism.
The contributions in this volume reference the familial relations between Jews and Christians and the matter of crucifixion and the Jews in the New Testament period itself; interwar Polish and German Christian theology and the civil struggle in Spain; German-Christian theological views and their application through the war; wartime Christian and antisemitic attitudes in Romania and Denmark; and postwar Christian theological developments in occupied Germany and in the Holy See. Though these essays raise a multitude of issues, one in particular stands out: the Christian failure to understand and acknowledge Judaism on its own terms. Ever since Jesus of Nazareth walked this earth, his followers have professed to live his teaching of love of neighbor. Unfortunately, Christians have often failed to embrace the fullness of this teaching. 5 This was especially true under National Socialism. Nevertheless, some Christians were open to providing caritas , or charity, to Jews in need. Still, these acts of kindness did not mean that individual Christians truly viewed Jews as equals or fully acknowledged their religious and cultural heritage as legitimate. For Christians, there was still the desire, or even the command, to proselytize and bring Jews into the fold. Unfortunately, similar initiatives today persist in most Christian denominations. In addition, few Christian denominations, if any, have fully recognized the salvific nature of the original and everlasting covenant made between Abraham and Yahweh.
Though the churches have advanced substantially in their understanding of their relationship to Jews and Judaism, there is still a long way to go. Declarations such as Dominus Iesus from the Holy See s Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which fail to acknowledge this unique relationship, only perpetuate the teaching of a triumphant Christianity. 6 In turn, Judaism is then easily relegated to second-place status beneath Christianity, thereby creating an atmosphere for antisemitism to thrive. For antisemitism is still quite present in Christianity: in its Scripture, in its worship, and in its everyday rhetoric. We hope that the essays in this volume serve to raise the reader s awareness of Christianity s role in the propagation and spread of antisemitism.
So many individuals contributed to the succe

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