Pastoral Quechua

Alan Durston

Description

Pastoral Quechua explores the story of how the Spanish priests and missionaries of the Catholic church in post-conquest Peru systematically attempted to “incarnate” Christianity in Quechua, a large family of languages and dialects spoken by the dense Andes populations once united under the Inca empire. By codifying (and imposing) a single written standard, based on a variety of Quechua spoken in the former Inca capital of Cuzco, and through their translations of devotional, catechetical, and liturgical texts for everyday use in parishes, the missionary translators were on the front lines of Spanish colonialism in the Andes.

The Christian pastoral texts in Quechua are important witnesses to colonial interactions and power relations. Durston examines the broad historical contexts of Christian writing in Quechua; the role that Andean religious images and motifs were given by the Spanish translators in creating a syncretic Christian-Andean iconography of God, Christ, and Mary; the colonial linguistic ideologies and policies in play; and the mechanisms of control of the subjugated population that can be found in the performance practices of Christian liturgy, the organization of the texts, and even in certain aspects of grammar.

Sujets

• Religion
• Christianisme
• HISTORY
• Histoire
• América del Sur
• General officer
• South
• Cusco
• Americas
• South America
• Latin America
• Christianity
• Central
• General
• Cuzco

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 25 octobre 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268077983
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Pastoral Quechua
HISTORY, LANGUAGES, AND CULTURES OF THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE WORLDS
This interdisciplinary series promotes scholarship in studies on Iberian cultures and contacts from the premodern and early modern periods .
S ERIES E DITOR
Sabine MacCormack (1941-2012)
Theodore M. Hesburgh Professor of Arts and Letters, Departments of Classics and History, University of Notre Dame
S ERIES B OARD
J. N. Hillgarth, emeritus, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies
Peggy K. Liss, Independent Scholar
David Nirenberg, University of Chicago
Adeline Rucquoi, cole des Hautes tudes en Sciences Sociales
R ECENT T ITLES IN THE S ERIES
Missionary Tropics: The Catholic Frontier in India (16th-17th Centuries) (2005)
Ines G. upanov
Jews, Christian Society, and Royal Power in Medieval Barcelona (2006)
Elka Klein
How the Incas Built Their Heartland: State Formation and Innovation of Imperial Strategies in the Sacred Valley, Peru (2006)
R. Alan Covey
Pastoral Quechua: The History of Christian Translation in Colonial Peru, 1550-1650 (2007)
Alan Durston
Contested Territory: Mapping Peru in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (2009)
Heidi V. Scott
Death and Conversion in the Andes: Lima and Cuzco, 1532-1670 (2010)
Gabriela Ramos
An Early Modern Dialogue with Islam: Antonio de Sosa s Topography of Algiers (1612) (2011)
Edited with an Introduction by Mar a Antonia Garc s, translated by Diana de Armas Wilson
Juan de Segovia and the Fight for Peace (2014)
Anne Marie Wolf
Pastoral Quechua

The History of Christian Translation in Colonial Peru, 1550-1650
ALAN DURSTON
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
www.undpress.nd.edu
All Rights Reserved
Designed by Wendy McMillen
Set in 11.3/13.4 Centaur MT by EM Studio
Copyright 2007 by University of Notre Dame
Reprinted in 2014
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Durston, Alan, 1970-
Pastoral Quechua : the history of Christian translation in colonial Peru, 1550-1650 / Alan Durston.
p. cm. - (History, languages, and cultures of the Spanish and Portuguese worlds)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN -13: 978-0-268-02591-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN -10: 0-268-02591-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Quechua language-Peru-History. 2. Quechua language-Peru-Religious aspects. 3. Indians of South America-Missions-Peru. 4. Catholic Church-Missions-Peru. 5. Peru-Languages-Political aspects. 6. Peru-History-1548-1820. I. Title.
PM 6301.D87 2007
498 .3230985-dc22
2007025517
ISBN 9780268077983
This book printed on recycled paper .
This e-Book was converted from the original source file by a third-party vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are encouraged to contact the publisher at [e-mail] .
For Maju
Contents
Acknowledgments
Transcription, Translation, and Citation Norms
Map
Introduction
Chapter 1 Background
PART I. HISTORY
Chapter 2 Diversity and Experimentation-1550s and 1560s
Chapter 3 Reform and Standardization-1570s and 1580s
Chapter 4 The Questione della Lingua and the Politics of Vernacular Competence (1570s-1640s)
Chapter 5 The Heyday of Pastoral Quechua (1590s-1640s)
PART II. TEXTS
Chapter 6 Pastoral Quechua Linguistics
Chapter 7 Text, Genre, and Poetics
Chapter 8 God, Christ, and Mary in the Andes
Chapter 9 Performance and Contextualization
Conclusion
Glossary
Notes
Pastoral Quechua Works
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
It is a pleasure and a relief to be able to thank the people who made this book possible. First mention goes to my dissertation committee at the University of Chicago. Jean Comaroff provided both theoretical guidance and administrative help at various key phases of the project, as did Michael Silverstein, whose teaching contributed much to my understanding of the topic. I was also blessed with the guidance and support of two outstanding scholars of the colonial Andes: Tom Cummins and Bruce Mannheim. During the dissertation writing process, Manuela Carneiro da Cunha and Danilyn Rutherford encouraged me to think about key problems and helped me to see the implications of my research more clearly. I should also mention the ongoing stimulus I have received from my friends and teachers in Santiago, Chile, where I carried out my early graduate work and first acquired an interest in the colonial Andes, especially Patricio Cisterna Alvarado, Jorge Hidalgo Lehued , and Jos Luis Mart nez Cereceda.
The main phase of research in 2000-2002 was supported by grants from the United States Department of Education (Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad or Fulbright-Hays Fellowship), the National Science Foundation (Dissertation Improvement Grant, Award 0075898), and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (Small Grant for Dissertation Research, number 6743). Briefer stages of research were aided by grants from the Division of the Social Sciences and the Department of Anthropology of the University of Chicago, and from the Program for Cultural Cooperation between Spain s Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports and U.S. Universities. Finally, the dissertation writing process was greatly facilitated by a Mark Hanna Watkins Dissertation Write-Up Fellowship (2002-3) from the Department of Anthropology of the University of Chicago. I am extremely grateful to all of these institutions for their generosity.
I am indebted to many people who in different ways aided my research in Peru. The Pontificia Universidad Cat lica del Per , where I was investigador afiliado first in the Faculty of Social Sciences, and then in that of Humanities, provided institutional backing, library resources, and a forum to present my research. In particular, I am grateful for the encouragement and guidance provided by Professors Rodolfo Cerr n-Palomino and Marco Curatola, both of the Facultad de Humanidades. I also frequented the Instituto Franc s de Estudios Andinos, where I benefited from conversations with C sar Itier and Gerald Taylor. My research would have been impossible without the help, often above and beyond the call of duty, of many archivists and librarians in Lima. I would especially like to thank Laura Guti rrez Arbul and Melecio Tineo Mor n at the Archivo Hist rico Arzobispal de Lima, Elinos Caravasis and his colleagues at the Sala de Investigadores de la Biblioteca Nacional del Per , Lothar Busse and Fernando L pez at the Archivo del Cabildo Metropolitano de Lima, Ana Mar a Vega at the Archivo de San Francisco de Lima, and Father Jos Luis Mej a at the Archivo de Santo Domingo de Lima.
Sabine MacCormack played a key role in the passage from dissertation to book by taking the project under her wing as the first in her series History, Languages, and Cultures of the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds to be published by the University of Notre Dame Press. Sabine also contributed the photograph that graces the front cover of this book. I am grateful to everyone at the University of Notre Dame Press for their enthusiasm and flexibility, especially Rebecca DeBoer, who copyedited the manuscript with great acuity, and Barbara Hanrahan. The anonymous readers provided a wealth of general and specific suggestions that were very helpful in the revisions. These were made possible by a postdoctoral fellowship at the Erasmus Institute of the University of Notre Dame in 2005-6, which also provided an ideal environment for writing and reflection.
Among my less tangible debts, one of the greatest is to the pioneers of the young field of Quechua historical linguistics and general language history, in particular Rodolfo Cerr n-Palomino, C sar Itier, Bruce Mannheim, Gerald Taylor, and Alfredo Torero. My research was only possible because of their painstaking and insufficiently recognized work, which has achieved exemplary syntheses of historical, anthropological, and linguistic concerns. I am equally indebted to my Quechua teachers, both professional instructors-in particular Gina Maldonado (at the Centro de Estudios Andinos Bartolom de Las Casas ) and Clodoaldo Soto (at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)-and the numerous people who had the patience to chat with me in different parts of Peru, especially my hosts in Sarhua, Ayacucho.
The entire process was made much easier by the support and encouragement of my parents, Riet Delsing and John Durston, both researchers themselves. Finally, this book is dedicated to Maju Tavera for her love, understanding, and patience.
Transcription, Translation, and Citation Norms
Quechua texts are presented in their original form, with the exception of abbreviations, which have been completed. Isolated Quechua terms are represented with the standardized orthography of the Third Lima Council (1582-1583), but for specific segments (phonemes and suffixes), or when a more accurate transcription of a word is required, I use the modern phonological alphabet between forward slashes (see Mannheim 1991: 235-238 on the current official orthography for Southern Peruvian Quechua). However, I only represent glottalized and aspirate stops (for example, /k /, /kh/, /p /, /ph/ ) when citing from a specific text or author whose original orthography distinguishes these segments from the plain forms (/k/, /p/ ). Brackets ({}) are used for orthographic units. Verb stems are represented with a hyphen to indicate that they must be followed by one or more suffixes (e.g., cuya - to have compassion or to love ), but not noun stems (e.g., huasi house ). For the sake of consistency and ease of reading, the following modifications have been made to Spanish texts: punctuation and case have been modernized; abbreviations have been completed; {y}, {i}, {u}, and {v} are used as in modern Spanish; and wordinitial {rr} is changed to {r}. All Spanish names have been fully modernized unless they appear in a direct quotation.
When quoting Quechua or Spanis