Acute Kidney Injury - From Diagnosis to Care

Description

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious disorder in which sudden impairment of kidney function occurs secondary to one or more of a variety of underlying conditions and exposures. It is very common in (elderly) ICU patients and associated with very high mortality. Many of those who survive suffer from permanent kidney failure and other long-term morbidities. Renowned experts from around the world have contributed to this new publication, creating a succinct yet complete review of the most controversial aspects of AKI. The topics range from epidemiology and basic science to pathophysiology and clinical issues. It is intended as a concise reference work for physicians and nurses who deal with AKI in clinical nephrology and intensive care wards on a daily basis.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 08 février 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318058260
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Acute Kidney Injury - From Diagnosis to Care
Contributions to Nephrology
Vol. 187
Series Editor
Claudio Ronco Vicenza
Acute Kidney Injury - From Diagnosis to Care
Volume Editors
Xiaoqiang Ding Shanghai
Claudio Ronco Vicenza
16 figures, 20 tables, 2016
Contributions to Nephrology (Founded 1975 by Geoffrey M. Berlyne)
_______________________ Xiaoqiang Ding Division of Nephrology Zhongshan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University No. 180 Fenglin Road CN-200032 Shanghai (China)
_______________________ Claudio Ronco Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV) San Bortolo Hospital Viale Rodolfi, 37 IT-36100 Vicenza (Italy)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Ding, Xiaoqiang (Of Fu dan da xue (Shanghai, China)), editor. | Ronco, C. (Claudio), 1951-, editor.
Title: Acute kidney injury : from diagnosis to care / volume editors, Xiaoqiang Ding, Claudio Ronco.
Other titles: Acute kidney injury : from diagnosis to care (Ding) | Contributions to nephrology ; v. 187. 0302-5144
Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2016. | Series: Contributions to nephrology, ISSN 0302-5144 ; vol. 187 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015050912 | ISBN 9783318058253 (hard cover : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9783318058260 (e-ISBN) Subjects: | MESH: Acute Kidney Injury | Kidney--injuries | Renal Replacement Therapy
Classification: LCC RC918.R4 | NLM WJ 342 | DDC 617.4/61044--dc23 LC record available at
http://lccn.loc.gov/2015050912

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck, Ettlingen
ISSN 0302-5144
e-ISSN 1662-2782
ISBN 978-3-318-05825-3
e-ISBN 978-3-318-05826-0
Contents
Preface
Ding, X. (Shanghai); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
AKI Characteristics and Epidemiology
Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology: From Recognition to Intervention
Wang, Y.; Fang, Y.; Teng, J.; Ding, X. (Shanghai)
Acute Kidney Injury Prevention
Chopra, T.A.; Brooks, C.H.; Okusa, M.D. (Charlottesville, Va.)
Renal Recovery after Acute Kidney Injury
Macedo, E. (Sao Paulo); Mehta, R.L. (San Diego, Calif.)
AKI Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Mårtensson, J. (Melbourne, Vic./Stockholm); Bellomo, R. (Melbourne, Vic.)
Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Intervention in Acute Kidney Injury
Fuhrman, D.Y.; Kellum, J.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
The Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition: A Potential Opportunity to Improve Care in Acute Kidney Injury
Palant, C.E.; Amdur, R.L.; Chawla, L.S. (Washington, D.C.)
Electronic Data Systems and Acute Kidney Injury
Cheungpasitporn, W.; Kashani, K. (Rochester, Minn.)
AKI Management
Fluid Management in Acute Kidney Injury
Chuang, C.-L. (Taipei)
Multidimensional Approach to Adequacy of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury
Villa, G. (Florence); Ricci, Z. (Rome); Romagnoli, S. (Florence/Rome); Ronco, C. (Vicenza)
Timing of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury
Ostermann, M. (London); Wald, R. (Toronto, Ont.); Bagshaw, S.M. (Edmonton, Alta.)
Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Ricci, Z. (Rome); Goldstein, S.L. (Cincinnati, Ohio)
Management of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Xu, J.; Jiang, W.; Fang, Y.; Teng, J.; Ding, X. (Shanghai)
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
Once more, the book series Contributions to Nephrology is presenting a timely volume on one of the most intriguing and debated topics in the area of nephrology: acute kidney injury (AKI). The book is a compendium of contributions from the most renowned authors and AKI experts on all continents around the world.
The content is a synthetic yet complete review on the most controversial aspects of AKI, ranging from epidemiology and basic science to pathophysiology and clinical issues.
The book is intended to represent a good reference for physicians and nurses who deal with AKI in clinical nephrology and intensive care wards every day. The final result of this editorial effort is an updated compendium of state-of-the-art papers usable as a reference and a consultation tool for everyday clinical practice. The reader will benefit from the different contributions, treasuring the clear understanding and knowledge of the experts and applying these contributions to day-to-day practice.
The book should hopefully fill a gap in education and awareness of the importance of AKI and related issues. It should teach how a vision of the future and daily hard work together with a clear focus are the essential chemistry for diagnostic and therapeutic success. Many practices in medicine do not or cannot await for clinical trials to be supported by enough evidence but nevertheless are increasingly applied, with common acceptance of a tangible patient benefit. Only years after this vision came the demonstration of a significant benefit in survival for patients treated with specific AKI therapies. Thus, this book represents an important contribution to the field of AKI, offering students, young investigators and physicians the possibility to interact with worldwide experts not only through the existing evidence in the current literature but also through the vision of opinion leaders, which will pave the way toward future discoveries and clinical improvements.
Xiaoqiang Ding, Shanghai Claudio Ronco, Vicenza
AKI Characteristics and Epidemiology
Ding X, Ronco C (eds): Acute Kidney Injury - From Diagnosis to Care. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger, 2016, vol 187, pp 1-8 (DOI: 10.1159/000443008)
______________________
Acute Kidney Injury Epidemiology: From Recognition to Intervention
Yimei Wang a - d Yi Fang a - d Jie Teng a - d Xiaoqiang Ding a - d
a Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, b Shanghai Institute for Kidney and Dialysis, c Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification of Shanghai, d Quality Control Center of Dialysis, Shanghai, China
______________________
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is very common among hospitalized patients, and the incidence of AKI has increased over the past few decades. This increase might be due to an aging population and increased comorbidities. Other factors that may explain this are the more sensitive diagnostic criteria and better recognition. AKI is associated with increased mortality and increased risks of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The best ways to lower the chances of having kidney damage are to prevent, recognize and treat AKI as early as possible. The incidence of AKI in China is significantly lower than in developed countries. Inadequate early diagnosis and management remain the major challenges for Chinese nephrologists.
© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt loss of kidney function. AKI was described for the first time by Galen (119-200) almost 2,000 years ago [ 1 ], but it did not have a consensus definition until a decade ago. AKI is a common and serious problem worldwide. The incidence of AKI is 3-20% in hospitalized patients and 30-60% in the intensive care unit (ICU) [ 2 ]. Nowadays, the mortality of AKI patients remains high, although great progress has been achieved in elucidating the mechanism and in performing renal replacement therapy (RRT) for AKI. AKI may lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of the cause of AKI. To date, there is no specific treatment that increases survival in patients with or at high risk of AKI. The right therapy also includes the right timeframe, as delayed treatment sometimes has no benefit, so early recognition of AKI is especially important.
Table 1 . Consensus definitions of AKI

Definition of Acute Kidney Injury
Before 2004, acute renal failure (ARF) was d