Cardiovascular Issues in Endocrinology

Description

Most endocrine diseases, if not treated or controlled, have cardiovascular manifestations. Both GH deficiency and GH excess impair cardiovascular functions, e.g. in patients with acromegaly, who have a shortened life expectancy and increased mortality mostly due to cardiovascular complications in uncontrolled disease. Moreover, Cushing’s syndrome and diabetes are well known for metabolic and cardiovascular manifestations, as well as hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Both adipose tissue and the heart have been increasingly recognized as organs with partially endocrine functions, which produce adipokines and brain natriuretic peptide, respectively, and influence a number of cardiovascular parameters. Primary aldosteronism as a cause for secondary hypertension is still a great challenge to detect and diagnose properly; however, new important discoveries have been made regarding the genetics of this probably underestimated cause of hypertension. Written by distinguished researchers in their respective fields, this book will give both researchers and clinicians an excellent update on all these topics, as well as provide insight into the use of hormones as treatment tools in more controversial areas.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 12 juin 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318026740
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Cardiovascular Issues in Endocrinology
Frontiers of Hormone Research
Vol. 43
Series Editor
Ezio Ghigo Turin
Co-Editors
Federica Guaraldi Turin
Andrea Benso Turin
Cardiovascular Issues in Endocrinology
Volume Editors
Riccarda Granata Turin
Jörgen Isgaard Gothenburg
18 figures, 2 in color, and 10 tables, 2014
Frontiers of Hormone Research Founded 1972 by Tj.B. van Wimersma Greidanus, Utrecht Continued by Ashley B. Grossman, Oxford (1996-2013)
_______________________ Riccarda Granata, PhD Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin, Italy
_______________________ Jörgen Isgaard, MD, PhD Department of Internal Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg, Sweden
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cardiovascular issues in endocrinology / volume editors, Riccarda Granata, Jörgen Isgaard.
p. ; cm. –– (Frontiers of hormone research, ISSN 0301-3073 ; vol.43)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-3-318-02673-3 (hard cover: alk. paper) –– ISBN 978-3-318-02674-0 (electronic version)
I. Granata, Riccarda, editor. II. Isgaard, Jörgen, editor. III. Series: Frontiers of hormone research ; v. 43. 0301-3073
[DNLM: 1. Endocrine System Diseases––complications. 2. Cardiovascular Diseases––etiology. 3. Metabolic Diseases––complications. W1 FR946F v.43 2014 / WK 140]
RC649
616.4’071––dc23
2014012320
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and PubMed/MEDLINE.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2014 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck GmbH, Ettlingen
ISSN 0301-3073
e-ISSN 1662-3762
ISBN 978-3-318-02673-3
e-ISBN 978-3-318-02674-0
Contents
Foreword
Ghigo, E.; Guaraldi, F.; Benso, A. (Turin)
Preface
Isgaard, J. (Gothenburg); Granata, R. (Turin)
Testosterone and Cardiovascular Risk in Men
Kelly, D.M. (Sheffield); Jones, T.H. (Sheffield/Barnsley)
Hormone Therapy and Venous Thromboembolism among Postmenopausal Women
Scarabin, P.-Y. (Villejuif)
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Impact of Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy
Johannsson, G.; Ragnarsson, O. (Gothenburg)
Cardiovascular Disease and Thyroid Function
Faber, J.; Selmer, C. (Herlev/Copenhagen)
Hormonal Alterations in Heart Failure: Anabolic Impairment in Chronic Heart Failure – Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Issues
Arcopinto, M.; Cittadini, A. (Naples)
Genetics of Primary Aldosteronism
Funder, J.W. (Clayton, Vic.)
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease
Wronkowitz, N.; Romacho, T.; Sell, H.; Eckel, J. (Düsseldorf)
Potential Peptides in Atherosclerosis Therapy
Marleau, S.; Mellal, K.; Huynh, D.N.; Ong, H. (Montréal, Qué.)
Interaction between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Atherosclerosis and Vascular Aging
Higashi, Y.; Quevedo, H.C.; Tiwari, S.; Sukhanov, S.; Shai, S.-Y.; Anwar, A.; Delafontaine, P. (New Orleans, La.)
Ghrelin and the Cardiovascular System
Tokudome, T.; Kishimoto, I.; Miyazato, M.; Kangawa, K. (Suita)
Natriuretic Peptide System and the Heart
Del Ry, S.; Cabiati, M.; Clerico, A. (Pisa)
Beyond Glycemic Control: Cardiovascular Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies
Angeli, F.S.; Shannon, R.P. (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Author Index
Subject Index
Foreword
In the last decades, the pivotal role exerted by hormones, cytokines and peptides on the cardiovascular system has become increasingly clear. On the other hand, the discovery that the heart is not just targeted by peptides and steroid hormones, but acts itself as an ‘endocrine organ’ playing a critical role in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is extremely fascinating. These findings had a relevant clinical impact and, nowadays, not just endocrinologists but also internists are familial with the concept that the endocrine system and the cardiovascular system are closely related. Indeed, hormonal dysfunction is often associated with cardiovascular alterations; at the same time, cardiovascular diseases are generally associated with endocrine and metabolic alterations. Apart from an impressive number of elegant basic studies, clinical studies focusing on patients with hormonal excess or deficiency before and during optimized treatment were of major importance; these clinical conditions represented appropriate models to better understand the effect of the various hormones on morphology and function of the cardiovascular system. Considering the well-characterized increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality due to metabolic derangement in diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and obesity, and taking also into account that the adipocyte is now recognized as an endocrine organ producing molecules that play another major role in the cardiovascular system, it is clear why the topic ‘cardiovascular issues in endocrinology’ is really hot.
We are therefore proud to present this volume of the series Frontiers of Hormone Research entitled Cardiovascular Issues in Endocrinology edited by two recognized experts in the field, Riccarda Granata and Jörgen Isgaard. The volume provides an authoritative, updated overview of molecular effects on endocrine disorders underlying cardiovascular diseases, as well as the cardiovascular consequences of endocrine and metabolic disorders.
We do believe that this book will be attractive and useful for endocrinologists as well as for cardiologists and internists, and would finally thank the editors, as well as the authors, for their great job.

Ezio Ghigo , Turin
Federica Guaraldi , Turin
Andrea Benso , Turin
Preface
It was a great pleasure indeed to accept the invitation to work on this book about ‘cardiovascular topics in endocrinology’. Having worked in this field of research for many years, it is still fascinating to dive into the ever-expanding knowledge about the interactions between the endocrine and cardiovascular systems.
One of the personal landmarks in this field was published in 1994 in a paper in which cardiovascular abnormalities were described in adult patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency, and substitution therapy with GH improved a number of cardiac and vascular variables. In the Discussion, the authors speculated that GH might play a future role in the treatment of heart failure. This triggered a lot of research activities with successful GH treatment in different animal models with heart failure. Moreover, a pioneering study from Naples published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1998 reported spectacular improvements in a small number of patients with heart failure treated with GH for 3 months. Since then, for various reasons, no major, large, placebo-controlled trial confirming these positive results has been published. However, this particular field is still being explored and recent studies point to multiple hormonal deficiencies in subsets of patients with heart failure.
It is important to note that almost all endocrine diseases, if not treated or controlled, have cardiovascular manifestations. Interestingly, not only GH deficiency but also GH excess is harmful for cardiovascular functions, e.g. in acromegaly, where shortened life expectancy and increased mortality is mostly due to cardiovascular complications in uncontrolled disease. Moreover, Cushing’s syndrome and diabetes are well-known metabolic and cardiovascular manifestations, as well as hypo- and hyperthyroidism. In recent years, both adipose tissue and the heart have been increasingly recognized as organs with partial endocrine functions, which produce adipokines and brain natriuretic peptide, respectively, and influence a number of cardiovascular parameters. Primary aldosteronism as a cause for secondary hypertension is still a great challenge to detect and diagnose properly; however, new important discoveries have been made regarding the genetics