Clinical Neurotoxicology E-Book , livre ebook

CLINICAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY
Syndromes, Substances, Environments
First Edition

MICHAEL R. DOBBS, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Preventive Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Neurology Residency Program Director, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
SAUNDERS
Copyright
SAUNDERS ELSEVIER
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CLINICAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY: SYNDROMES, SUBSTANCES, ENVIRONMENTS
ISBN: 978-0-323-05260-3
Copyright © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com . You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage ( http://www.elsevier.com ), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’.


Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment, and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Authors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Clinical neurotoxicology : syndromes, substances, environments / [edited by] Michael R. Dobbs. — 1st ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-05260-3
1. Neurotoxicology. I. Dobbs, Michael R.
[DNLM: 1. Neurotoxicity Syndromes. 2. Nervous System—drug effects. 3. Neurotoxins. WL 140 C6413 2009]
RC347.5.C65 2009
616.8′0471—dc22
2008043221
Acquisitions Editor: Adrianne Brigido
Developmental Editor: Joan Ryan
Project Manager: Mary Stermel
Design Direction: Gene Harris
Marketing Manager: Courtney Ingram
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
To Elizabeth and Catherine
CONTRIBUTORS

Joseph R. Berger, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Delia Bethell, BM, BCh, MRCPCH, Clinical Trials Investigator, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

Peter G. Blain, BMedSci, MB, BS, PhD, FBiol, FFOM, FRCP(Edin), FRCP(Lond), Professor of Environmental Medicine, Medical Toxicology Centre, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, Consultant Physician (Internal Medicine), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

John C.M. Brust, MD, Department of Neurology, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA

D. Brandon Burtis, DO, Chief Resident, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Mary Capelli-Schellpfeffer, MD, MPA, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Medical Director, Occupational Health Services, Loyola University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Sarah A. Carr, MS, Department of Neurology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Jane W. Chan, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Pratap Chand, MD, DM, FRCP, Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

Sundeep Dhillon, MA, BM, BCh, MRCGP, DCH, Dip IMC, RCS Ed, FRGS, Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, Institute of Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Michael R. Dobbs, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology and Preventive Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Neurology Residency Program Director, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Peter D. Donofrio, MD, Professor of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

Thierry Philippe Jacques Duprez, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neuroradiology, Associate to the Head of the Department of Radiology, Cliniques St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Brussels, Belgium

Tracy J. Eicher, MD, United States Air Force Medical Corps, Wright-Patterson Medical Center, WPAFB, Ohio, USA

Alberto J. Espay, MD, MSc, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Jeremy Farrar, MBBS, DPhil, FRCP, FMedSci, OBE, Honorable Professor of International Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Professor of Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Director of the Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Dominic B. Fee, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, Staff Physician, Department of Neurology, VA Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Larry W. Figgs, PhD, MPH, CHCE, Associate Professor, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Jordan A. Firestone, MD, PhD, MPH, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Washington School of Medicine and Public Health Services, Seattle, Washington, USA, Clinic Director of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Washington MedHarborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

Arthur D. Forman, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

Brent Furbee, MD, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, Medical Director, Indiana Poison Center, Clarian Health Partners, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Ray F. Garman, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, College of Public Health, Kentucky Clinic South, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

Des Gorman, BSc, MBChB, MD (Auckland), PhD (Sydney), Head of the School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Sidney M. Gospe, Jr., MD, PhD, Herman and Faye Sarkowsky Endowed Chair, Head, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA

David G. Greer, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, University of Alabama Birmingham, Huntsville, Alabama, USA, Neurologist, Huntsville Hospital, Huntsville, Alabama, USA

Patrick M. Grogan, MD, Program Director, Neurology Residency, Department of Neurology/SG05N, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, USA, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

Philippe Hantson, MD, PhD, Professor of Toxicology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Professor, Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

Tran Tinh Hien, MD, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Tropical Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oxford University, Vice Director, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Michael Hoffmann, MBBCh, MD, FCP (SA) Neurol, FAHA, FAAN, Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

Christopher P. Holstege, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Medical Director, Blue Ridge Poison Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Chief, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Amber N. Hood, MS, Senior Research Assistant, Department of Forensic Science, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA

Maria K. Houtchens, MD, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

J. Stephen Huff, MD, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Neurology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA

Col. (S) Michael S. Jaffee, MD, NSAF, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Lieutenant Colo