Early Detection and Intervention in Psychosis

Description

This new volume reviews early detection approaches and possible subsequent interventions for psychosis. After introductory chapters, various methods for early detection not only in adults, but also adolescents are described. In this context, the validity of the psychosis high-risk state is debated along with whether early detection is indeed helpful, or actually stigmatizing, for the patient. Further contributions review neuroimaging, including structural and functional MRI, as well as pattern recognition methods and measurement of connectivity abnormalities. Neurocognitive and neurophysiological assessments are also discussed in detail. The last part focuses on early intervention for emerging psychosis, including psychological methods, non-pharmacological substances and pharmacological treatments. Overall conclusions and future perspectives are provided in a final chapter. This book is a state-of-the-art review of current options. It is important reading for researchers and clinicians faced with recognizing and treating psychosis in the most timely and effective manner possible.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 08 janvier 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318056211
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Early Detection and Intervention in Psychosis
Key Issues in Mental Health
Vol. 181
Series Editors
Anita Riecher-Rössler Basel
Norman Sartorius Geneva
Early Detection and Intervention in Psychosis
State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Volume Editors
Anita Riecher-Rössler Basel
Patrick D. McGorry Parkville, Vic.
16 figures, 10 in color, and 11 tables, 2016
Key Issues in Mental Health Formerly published as 'Bibliotheca Psychiatrica' (founded 1917)
_______________________ Prof. Anita Riecher-Rössler Center for Gender Research and Early Detection University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics CH-4051 Basel (Switzerland)
_______________________ Prof. Patrick D. McGorry Orygen, the National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC 3052 (Australia)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Riecher-Rössler, Anita, editor. | McGorry, Patrick D., editor.
Title: Early detection and intervention in psychosis : state of the art and future perspectives / volume editors, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Patrick D. McGorry.
Other titles: Key issues in mental health ; v. 181. 1662-4874
Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2016. | Series: Key issues in mental health, ISSN 1662-4874 ; vol. 181 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015039541| ISBN 9783318056204 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318056211 (electronic version : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Psychotic Disorders--diagnosis. | Early Diagnosis. | Early Medical Intervention.
Classification: LCC RC473.D54 | NLM WM 200 | DDC 616.89/075--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039541

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and MEDLINE/Pubmed.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck GmbH, Ettlingen
ISSN 1662-4874
eISSN 1662-4882
ISBN 978-3-318-05620-4
e-ISBN 978-3-318-05621-1
Contents
Foreword
Carpenter, W.T. (Baltimore, Md.)
Preface and Introduction
Riecher-Rössler, A. (Basel); McGorry, P.D. (Parkville, Vic.)
Overview
Early Detection of Psychosis - State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Klosterkötter, J. (Cologne)
Early Intervention in Emerging Psychosis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
McGorry, P.D.; Goldstone, S. (Parkville, Vic.)
Early Detection of Psychosis: Clinical Assessments
First Signs of Emerging Psychosis
Schultze-Lutter, F. (Bern)
Psychosis High-Risk States in Adolescents
Simon, A.E. (Bruderholz/Basel/Bern)
The Psychosis High-Risk State
Rutigliano, G.; Manalo, M.; Fusar-Poli, P. (London)
Early Detection of Psychosis - Helpful or Stigmatizing Experience for Those Concerned?
Uttinger, M. (Basel); Papmeyer, M. (Basel/Bern); Riecher-Rössler, A. (Basel)
Early Detection of Psychosis: Neuroimaging
Structural and Functional MRI in the Prediction of Psychosis
Dwyer, D.B.; McGuire, P. (London)
Pattern Recognition Methods in the Prediction of Psychosis
Koutsouleris, N.; Kambeitz, J. (Munich)
Connectivity Abnormalities in Emerging Psychosis
Schmidt, A. (Basel); Borgwardt, S. (London)
Early Detection of Psychosis: Neurocognitive and Neurophysiological Assessments
Neurocognition and Motor Functioning in the Prediction of Psychosis
Studerus, E. (Basel); Papmeyer, M. (Basel/Bern); Riecher-Rössler, A. (Basel)
Electroencephalographic Predictors of Psychosis
Ruhrmann, S. (Cologne)
Early Intervention in Emerging Psychosis
Psychological Methods of Early Intervention in Emerging Psychosis
Müller, H. (Cologne); Bechdolf, A. (Cologne/Berlin)
Nonpharmalogical Substances for Early Intervention
Conus, P. (Lausanne)
Pharmacological Intervention in First-Episode Psychosis
O'Donoghue, B.; Walter, M.; Huber, C.G.; Lang, U.E. (Parkville, Vic.)
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Early Detection and Intervention in Psychosis
Riecher-Rössler, A. (Basel); McGorry, P.D. (Parkville, Vic.)
Author Index
Subject Index
Foreword
The Near Future
The care and study of persons with psychotic illness has a rich history. The acquisition of knowledge has accelerated, and application with life-altering potential for patients is now established in expert centers and ready for broader application in health care systems. Material in this book details the relevant advances in knowledge and understanding and enables the reader to view the near future with optimism. Presented in this Foreword is a brief outline of how the field has arrived at this point. Knowledge developed in the context of schizophrenia is critical, but so is the extension across disorders associated with psychosis or psychotic-like experiences. The reader will gain an appreciation of rapidly changing concepts in mental illness research and the implications for clinical application.
Kraepelin defined two fundamental psychotic disorders, dementia praecox and manic-depressive illness, providing a profound conceptual framework still influential in current classification, research, and clinical care. But the combination of 'weakening the well-springs of volition' with dissociative thought and a poor prognosis set the stage for 100 years of pessimism regarding clinical course. Bleuler's view of dissociative pathology as fundamental and primary in all cases reinforced the disease entity concept even while the 'group of disorders' seemed to suggest a syndrome. Decades later, Schneider's symptoms of first rank suggested that true schizophrenia was identified with special forms of reality distortion. This emphasis did not deny the importance of what we now term negative symptoms and disorganized thought and behavior, nor did it change presumptions regarding poor prognosis. These concepts, combined with limited effectiveness of treatment and concern about stigma, resulted in emphasis on schizophrenia as a brain disease where antipsychotic medication for symptom control and relapse prevention was the central issue, and expectations were of a chronic course for most patients.
A very different picture emerges from careful consideration of the actual data available for over a half century. First, schizophrenia has never been validated as a disease entity. The diagnostic class is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome. With various pathophysiologies, substantial individual variation is expected. This was shown to be the case with onset, manifestations, and course data in long-term studies including Manfred Bleuler's 40-year follow-up of his father's patients. More recent studies have shown that not all patients have a poor developmental history and many do not have a chronic course. Despite psychotic symptoms being unifying at the level of diagnostic criteria, the nature of the psychotic experience and associated features have also varied between cases. In short, there is a profound heterogeneity that is not addressed in public or clinical concepts of schizophrenia, nor is it addressed in treatment guidelines or therapeutic discovery.
If the above snapshot generally captures our history (and, of course, there are many exceptions), it is about to change. This change is driven by a combination of new concepts and accumulated knowledge of early morbid/prodromal pathologies in the schizophrenia spectrum.
The following concepts are relevant to the care of persons with a psychotic illness: clinical syndromes are not adequately informative about individual patients, clinical targets for treatment go well beyond psychotic symptoms, recovery as a personal process and recovery as a goal of medical treatment, stress reduction, emphasis on the individual's resilience and support network, and reduction in adverse factors such as substance abuse. These and other issues related to understanding the individual patient provide a basis of personalized and integrated therapeutics. These concepts are