Evidence-Based Practice Manual for Nurses - E-Book

Rosalind L Smyth

Description

The Evidence-based Practice Manual successfully breaks down the skills for evidence-based nursing into manageable components. The reader will learn how to find, critically read and interpret a range of research studies, and will discover optimal approaches to helping patients reach decisions that are informed by the best-available evidence. The more-strategic concepts of developing an organisational evidence-based culture and making evidence-based changes at organisational level are the focus of the final section.

• Step-by-step guide to finding, appraising and applying research evidence in nursing
• Teaches skills for successfully reviewing published literature:

• formulating a focused question
• developing a search strategy for efficient retrieval of relevant studies
• appraising the retrieved studies
• All examples are relevant to nurses and nursing
• Reflects contemporary nursing issues

• A new chapter on ‘Using research evidence in making clinical decisions with the individual patient’ provides practical guidance and tools for decision-making
• A new chapter on ‘Using evidence from qualitative studies’ explains the complexities of qualitative methodologies and methods in a simple, easily understood way

Online exercises and solutions

• Help the reader test out and consolidate newly acquired skills and knowledge

• Provide an opportunity to critically appraise studies with the following range of designs:

• qualitative research
• a randomised controlled trial
• a cohort study
• a case control study
• a diagnostic test accuracy study
• a systematic review
• a clinical guideline
• Example solutions are provided, all written by experts in the field.

Sujets

• Medical
• Médecine
• Nursing
• Theory
• Research

Informations

• Publié par: Churchill Livingstone
• Date de parution: 11 août 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 9
• EAN13: 9780702046681
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

The Evidence-Based Practice Manual for Nurses
Third Edition

Jean V. Craig, MSc PhD RSCN RGN
Research Associate, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

Rosalind L. Smyth, MA MBBS MD FMedSci
Brough Professor of Paediatric Medicine, University of Liverpool Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
Churchill Livingstone
Front matter
THE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE MANUAL FOR NURSES

Evolve Learning Resources for Students and Lecturers.
See the instructions and PIN code panel on the inside cover for access to the web site: http://evolve.elsevier.com/Craig/evidence/
Think outside the book…evolve
For Elsevier:
Commissioning Editor: Mairi McCubbin
Development Editor: Sheila Black
Project Manager: Sruthi Viswam
Designer: Charles Gray
Illustration Manager: Merlyn Harvey
Illustrator: Richard Prime

The evidence-based practice manual for nurses
THIRD EDITION
Edited by
Jean V Craig MSc PhD RSCN RGN , Research Associate, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Rosalind L Smyth MA MBBS MD FMedSci , Brough Professor of Paediatric Medicine, University of Liverpool Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
Copyright

© 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
First edition 2002
Second edition 2007
Third edition 2012
ISBN 978-0-7020-4193-8
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.


Printed in China
Contributors

Olwen Beaven, BSc(Hons) MSc, Deputy Information Specialist Manager, BMJ Evidence Centre, BMJ Group, London, UK

Bernie Carter, BSc PhD PGCE PGCE RSCN SRN, Professor of Children’s Nursing, Families, Children and Life Transitions Research Group, School of Nursing and Caring Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston and Children’s Nursing Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

Jean V. Craig, MSc PhD RSCN RGN, Research Associate, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

Dawn Dowding, BSc(Hons) PhD RN, Professor of Applied Health Research, School of Health Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Lynne Goodacre, PhD DipCOT, Honorary Lecturer, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University; Independent Practitioner, Preston, UK

Leanne V. Jones, BSc(Hons), Research Associate, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group,University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust,Liverpool, UK

Gillian A. Lancaster, BSc(Hons) MSc PhD FSS CStat, Director of Postgraduate Statistics Centre and Senior Lecturer, Postgraduate Statistics Centre, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Fylde College, Lancaster, UK

Lin Perry, MSc PhD RN, Professor of Nursing Research and Practice Development, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Rosalind L. Smyth, MA MBBS MD FMedSci, Brough Professor of Paediatric Medicine, University of Liverpool Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

Kathleen R. Stevens, EdD RN ANEF FAAN, Professor and Director, Academic Center for Evidence-Based Practice; Principal Investigator, Improvement Science Research Network, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

Andrew C. Titman, BA PhD, Research Associate, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Fylde College, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, UK

Lois Thomas, BA(Hons) PhD PGCertLTHE PGCert(Research Degree Supervision) RN, Reader in Health Services Research, School of Nursing and Caring Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston UK

Carl Thompson, PhD RN, Professor (Personal Chair), Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
Preface
‘Evidence-based’ is one of the most frequently used adjectives in healthcare today. It was previously used almost exclusively in the term ‘evidence-based medicine’ but, happily, terms such as ‘evidence-based practice’ are becoming more widespread and emphasise that this is a concept that should apply to all of healthcare. Nurses, the largest group of professionals who provide healthcare, have been at the forefront in recognising the need to identify, evaluate and apply best evidence to their clinical practice. Since this manual was first published, awareness of evidence-based practice has become widespread throughout clinical practice, but professional groups can find it difficult to keep pace with the requisite knowledge and skills. This manual presents techniques for doing so in a straightforward and relevant style that will enable nurses to understand and apply evidence-based practice in their own individual settings.
As with the previous edition, the manual is divided into three sections.
Section 1 provides the background and context for evidence-based practice in nursing and gives details of some of the challenges and solutions nurses meet in ensuring that patient care is informed by scientific evidence.
Section 2 focuses on the practical skills required for identifying and interpreting research evidence to support healthcare decisions. It provides detailed, step-by-step guidance in formulating focused clinical questions, conducting successful searches of electronic databases and critically appraising a range of study designs including case control, cohort and diagnostic test accuracy studies, randomised controlled trials, qualitative research, systematic reviews and guidelines. This section culminates in a new chapter that shows how research evidence can be practically used in helping patients to reach clinical decisions.
Section 3 focuses on the strategic aspects of organizational change. The practical strategies that clinical teams and organisations need to consider if they are to promote and sustain an evaluative, evidence-based approach to their work are discussed.
All chapters in Sections 2 and 3 offer readers the opportunity to consolidate their learning by completing online exercises, for which example solutions are provided. One of the strengths of this manual has been the number of worked examples and case studies. To keep this volume relevant and contemporary, many have been replaced with new examples that illustrate how recent evidence has changed practice.
Two new chapters serve to enhance this third edition: Chapter 4 gives an overview of qualitative epistemologies, methodologies and methods and provides detailed guidance in the critical reading of qualitative research; Chapter 8 is a much-needed examination of the ways in which research evidence can be used in clinical decision-making with patients and gives practical advice on aspects such as how to communicate risks and benefits information to patients and how to use decision analysis, decision support tools and other useful techniques.
We wish our readers well as they develop and use their skills to ensure that their clinical decisions are informed by the best-available research evidence. Nurses, as a profession, are uniquely placed to understand patients’ needs, priorities and beliefs and to