Hermaphroditism, Medical Science and Sexual Identity in Spain, 1850–1960

Garcia Francisco, Richard Cleminson

Description

This is the first book in English to analyse the medical category of 'hermaphroditism' in Spain over the period 1850-1960. It attempts to show how the relationship between the male and female body, biological 'sex', gender and sexuality constantly changed in the light of emerging medical, legal and social influences. Tracing the evolution of the hermaphrodite from its association with the 'marvellous' to the association with intersexuality and transexuality, this book emphasizes how the frameworks employed by scientists and doctors reflected not only changing international paradigms with respect to 'hermaphrodite science' but also social anxieties about shifting gender roles, the evolving discourse on sexuality and, in particular, the increased visibility of the 'sexual deviancies' such as homosexuality and changing legislation on marriage and divorce. Finally, we hope to open a space whereby the voice of 'hermaphrodites' and 'intersexuals' themselves could be heard in the past as agents in the construction of their own destiny as figures deemed 'in-between' by medicine and society.

Sujets

• Médecine
• Médecine Générale
• Medical
• Spain
• Spain (groupe)
• History

Informations

• Publié par: University of Wales Press
• Date de parution: 31 octobre 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780708322796
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 14 Mo

Extrait

IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES

Hermaphroditism, Sexual Identity in

Medical Science and Spain, 1850–1960

Series Editors Professor David George (Swansea University) Professor Paul Garner (University of Leeds)

Editorial Board David Frier (University of Leeds) Lisa Shaw (University of Liverpool) Gareth Walters (Swansea University) Rob Stone (Swansea University) David Gies (University of Virginia) Catherine Davies (University of Nottingham)

IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES

Hermaphroditism, Medical Science and Sexual Identity in Spain, 1850–1960

Richard Cleminson and Francisco Vázquez García

UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS C ARDIFF 2009

© Richard Cleminson and Francisco Vázquez García, 2009

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff, CF10 4UP. www.uwp.co.uk

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978-0-7083-2204-8 e-ISBN 978-0-7083-2279-6

The rights of Richard Cleminson and Francisco Vázquez García to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77, 78 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Typeset by Mark Heslington Ltd, Scarborough, North Yorkshire Printed by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire

Contents

Series Editors’ Foreword vii Acknowledgements ix Chapter 1: Introduction: Male, Female or In-Between? Towards a History of the Science of ‘Hermaphroditism’ in Spain, 1850–1960 1 Chapter 2: From Sex as Social Status to Biological Sex 29 Chapter 3: Between Diagnoses: Hermaphroditism, Hypospadias and Pseudo-hermaphroditism, 1870–1905 78 Chapter 4: Gonads, Hormones and Marañón’s Theory of Intersexuality, 1905–1930 122 Chapter 5: From True Sex to Sex as Simulacrum 179 Chapter 6: Conclusions 224 Bibliography 241 Index 265

Series Editors’ Foreword

Over recent decades the traditional ‘languages and literatures’ model in Spanish departments in universities in the United Kingdom has been superceded by a contextual, interdisciplinary and ‘area studies’ approach to the study of the culture, history, society and politics of the Hispanic and Lusophone worlds – categories which extend far beyond the confines of the Iberian Peninsula, not only in Latin America but also to Spanish-speaking and Lusophone Africa. In response to these dynamic trends in research priorities and curriculum development, this series is designed to present both disciplinary and interdisciplinary research within the general field of Iberian and Latin American Studies, particularly studies which explore all aspects ofCultural Production(inter alia literature, film, music, dance, sport) in Spanish, Portuguese, Basque, Catalan, Galician and indigenous languages of Latin America. The series also aims to publish research on theHistory and Politicsof the Hispanic and Lusophone worlds, at the level of both the region and the nation-state, as well as onCultural Studieswhich explore the shifting terrains of gender, sexual, racial and postcolonial identi- ties in those same regions.

Acknowledgements

Richard Cleminson would like to acknowledge the intellectual stimu- lus freely given by Rosa María Medina Doménech, with whom the ideas that became this book were originally discussed, the searching questions posed at the Hispanic Studies seminar at the University of Cambridge, the interest with which some aspects of this project were received at a conference on the body and sexuality at the University of Exeter and the various conversations with Lena Eckert, Jennifer Jordan, Lesley Hall, Chris Perriam, Lola Sánchez and Alison Sinclair. He would like to thank the staff of many libraries, including those working in Document Supply at the University of Leeds, at the University of Granada and the University of Oviedo, the staff at the Covadonga hospital library, Oviedo, the Wellcome Library, London, especially Venita Paul, and the library of the Hospital San Juan de Dios, Granada, especially Gustavo Zenner. In particular, like Francisco Vázquez, he would like to thank Ana Remón, the director of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz library. Part of the funding for completing this research came from the Arts and Humanities Research Council under its Research Leave scheme. Without this funding, the completion of this project would have taken much longer, if achieved at all. Some of the initial research was undertaken while in receipt of a Wellcome Trust History of Medicine Award for a previous project on male homosexu- ality in Spain. Final thanks go to Fredy Vélez for unfailing support, wine and dinners and company on the way.

Francisco Vázquez would like to acknowledge the assistance of many individuals who have sought out and made available rich materials in order to complete this book. These include: Chema Fraile, María Jesús Ruiz, Arturo Morgado and José María López Cepero. I thank the historians María José de la Pascua, Mónica Bolufer and Andrés Moreno Mengíbar for what their writings have taught me and for their helpful comments. Particular thanks go to the director of the library of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Cadiz, Ana