Imaging in Endocrine Disorders

Description

Revolutionary changes in medical imaging have enormously improved the ability to detect structural and functional organ alterations early. Imaging is becoming an essential tool - in association with hormonal assays - for the diagnosis and management of endocrine disorders. New contrast media and their application to ultrasounds, as well as the opportunity to merge images acquired by functional/metabolic and traditional techniques, allow characterization of key features of identified lesions. Some radiological techniques such as ultrasonography, CT, and MRI are now available in operating rooms, thus supporting a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to endocrine diseases. In this new book, distinguished experts have contributed concise and well-illustrated chapters to describe pathognomonic features of several benign and malignant diseases affecting endocrine glands. They review the main advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic technique along with indications for selecting a method. As a special feature, online videos of dynamic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are available. Imaging in Endocrine Disorders is a must read and valuable reference for all professionals dealing with endocrine disorders, including internists and general practitioners who must manage the essential diagnostic workup.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 21 mars 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318027389
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Imaging in Endocrine Disorders
Frontiers of Hormone Research
Vol. 45
Series Editor
Ezio Ghigo Turin

Co-Editors
Federica Guaraldi Turin
Andrea Benso Turin
Imaging in Endocrine Disorders
Volume Editors
Michael Buchfelder Erlangen
Federica Guaraldi Turin
141 figures, 33 in color, and 9 tables, 2016
Frontiers of Hormone Research Founded 1972 by Tj.B. van Wimersma Greidanus, Utrecht Continued by Ashley B. Grossman, Oxford (1996-2013)

Michael Buchfelder, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
Federica Guaraldi, MD, PhD Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin Turin, Italy
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Buchfelder, Michael, editor. | Guaraldi, Federica, editor.
Title: Imaging in endocrine disorders / volume editors, Michael Buchfelder,
Federica Guaraldi. Other titles: Frontiers of hormone research ; v. 45. 0301 -3073 Description: Basel; New York: Karger, 2016. | Series: Frontiers of hormone
research, ISSN 0301-3073 ; vol.45 | Includes bibliographical references
and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016004459| ISBN 9783318027372 (hard cover: alk. paper) |
ISBN 9783318027389 (electronic version) Subjects: | MESH: Endocrine System Diseases--diagnosis | Diagnostic
Imaging--methods Classification: LCC RC649 | NLM WK 140 | DDC 616.4/075--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016004459

Bibliographic Indices.This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and PubMed/MEDLINE.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck GmbH, Ettlingen
ISSN 0301-3073
e-ISSN 1662-3762
ISBN 978-3-318-02737-2
e-ISBN 978-3-318-02738-9
Contents
Preface
Buchfelder, M. (Erlangen); Guaraldi, F.; Ghigo, E. (Turin)
Sonography of Normal and Abnormal Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Andrioli, M. (Rome);Valcavi, R. (Reggio Emilia)
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Warren Frunzac, R.; Richards, M. (Rochester, Minn.)
Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Diagnosis of Benign Thyroid Diseases
Garberoglio, S. (Turin);Testori, O. (Alessandria)
Hybrid Molecular Imaging in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Schmidt, D.; Kuwert, T. (Erlangen)
Endoscopic Ultrasound in Endocrinology: Imaging of the Adrenals and the Endocrine Pancreas
Kann, P.H. (Marburg)
Adrenal Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
McCarthy, C.J.; McDermott, S.; Blake, M.A. (Boston, Mass.)
Adrenal Molecular Imaging
Sundin, A. (Uppsala)
Gonadal Imaging in Endocrine Disorders
Lanfranco, F.; Motta, G. (Turin)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pituitary Tumors
Bonneville, J.-F. (Liège)
Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Pituitary Adenomas
Buchfelder, M.; Schlaffer, S.-M. (Erlangen)
Molecular Imaging of Pituitary Pathology
de Herder, W.W. (Rotterdam)
Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Öberg, K.; Sundin, A. (Uppsala)
Author Index
Subject Index

Online supplementary material: www.karger.com/book/toc/271322
Preface
The suspicion of an endocrine disorder is based on the patient's history, clinical signs and the phenotypic appearance. However, the exact scientific diagnosis is then usually confirmed by laboratory hormonal measurements or imaging, and sometimes by both modalities. Both of these technologies have undergone revolutionary changes during the last decades. Direct depiction of anatomical and pathological structures has been possible since the introduction of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning.
'Imaging' is considered to be the depiction of structures or functions without the particular use of visible light. Metabolic imaging using radionucleotides, CT and MRI are in this context the main investigational tools used today.
In this multiauthor book, distinguished experts, who have published extensively in their fields, have contributed concise and well-illustrated chapters that cover imaging of all the organs that are involved in endocrine disorders. Metabolic and structured imaging of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, the pancreas, the adrenals, the gonads, the pituitary and sellar region, and neuroendocrine tumors and involved tissues are thoroughly covered. Both benign and malignant diseases are covered in detail. A specific asset of this book is the provision of readers with online-accessible
videos of some dynamic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
This volume has been conceived to primarily address endocrinologists, who have to interpret the results of the examinations obtained by the various imaging techniques, radiologists and nuclear physicians, who should correlate images to the respective endocrinological background information. At the same time, it represents a valuable reference for internists and general practitioners to appropriately manage the essential diagnostic workup in patients with suspected endocrine disorders, before referring them to the specialist.
We are very grateful to the authors for their dedication, and to Professor Carlo Monti, Director of the Service of Radiology, Casa di Cura Madre Fortunata Toniolo, Bologna, Italy, for his precious support in the selection and labeling of radiological images and for expert manuscript revision. Our special thanks go to Miriam Schulz, Rebecca Ganz and Thomas Nold at Karger Publishers in Basel, Switzerland, for their generous support through all stages of the production of this book.
Michael Buchfelder, Erlangen Federica Guaraldi, Turin Ezio Ghigo, Turin
Buchfelder M, Guaraldi F (eds): Imaging in Endocrine Disorders. Front Horm Res. Basel, Karger, 2016, vol 45, pp 1-15 (DOI: 10.1159/000442273)
______________________
Sonography of Normal and Abnormal Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Massimiliano Andrioli a Roberto Valcavi b
a EndocrinologiaOggi, Centro Medico, Rome, and b Poliambulatorio Privato, Centro Palmer, Reggio Emilia, Italy
______________________
Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) represents the most sensitive and efficient method for the evaluation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Infectious and autoimmune thyroiditis are common diseases, usually diagnosed and followed up by clinical examination and laboratory analyses. Nevertheless, US plays an important role in confirming diagnoses, predicting outcomes and, in autoimmune hyperthyroidism, in titrating therapy. Conversely, in nodular thyroid disease US is the imaging method of choice for the characterization and surveillance of lesions. It provides consistent clues in predicting the risk of malignancy, thus directing patient referral for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Suspicious US features generally include marked hypoechogenicity, a shape taller than it is wide, ill-defined or irregular borders, microcalcifications and hardness at elastographic evaluation. Finally, the role of US in thyroid cancer is to evaluate extension beyond the thyroid capsule and to assess nodal metastases or tumor recurrence. The main application of US in parathyroid diseases is represented by primary hyperparathyroidism. In this condition, US plays a role after biochemical diagnosis, and it should always be strictly performed for localization purposes. In both thyroidal and parathyroid diseases, US is recommended as a guide in FNA biopsies.
© 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
The thyroid and parathyroid are endocrine glands located in the neck. For their superficial position, ultrasonography (US) represents the most sensitive and cost-efficient method for their evaluation, providing accurate information about size, shape and texture. Besides these glands, an accurate ultrasonographic examination of the neck should always include the salivary glands, lymph nodes and any possible abnormal neck mass. For an optimal US evaluation, the patient should be scanned in the supine po