Kidney Transplantation - Principles and Practice E-Book

Stuart J. Knechtle, Peter J Morris

Description

With meticulous updates throughout, Kidney Transplantation remains your definitive medical resource for state-of-the-art answers on every aspect of renal transplantation. A multidisciplinary approach from internationally renowned nephrologists from around the world offers practice-applicable guidance for all members of the transplant team. With coverage encompassing applied science, surgical techniques, immunosuppressive methods, outcomes, risks, and medical considerations related to kidney transplantation, both in adults and children, you’ll have the balanced information you need to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Visualize key concepts and discern nuances of renal transplantation techniques through more than 335 superb illustrations.

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders
• Date de parution: 24 octobre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781455774050
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

Kidney Transplantation
Principles and Practice
Seventh Edition

Sir, Peter J. Morris, MD, PhD, FRS, FRCS
Emeritus Nuffield Professor of Surgery, University of Oxford
Honorary Professor, University of London
Director, Centre for Evidence in Transplantation, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK

Stuart J. Knechtle, MD, FACS
Clinical Director
Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics
Mason Chair of Transplant Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Seventh Edition
List of Contributors
Chapter 1: Kidney Transplantation: A History
EARLY EXPERIMENTS
HUMAN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS
THE MIDDLE YEARS
POST WORLD WAR II
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND THE MODERN ERA
CHEMICAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
A TIME OF OPTIMISM
TISSUE TYPING
THE 1970s PLATEAU
WAITING FOR XENOGRAFTS
CONCLUSION
Chapter 2: Immunology of Graft Rejection
INITIATION OF ALLOIMMUNITY BY THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
STIMULATION OF ADAPTIVE ALLOIMMUNITY
ACTIVATION OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY
MECHANISMS OF GRAFT INJURY
SUMMARY
Chapter 3: Chronic Kidney Failure: Renal Replacement Therapy
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION AND TIMING REFERRAL
PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE
ETIOLOGY
TREATMENT OF CKD5
CHOICE AND PLANNING FOR THE INDIVIDUAL PATIENT
DIALYSIS POSTTRANSPLANT
RETURN TO DIALYSIS AFTER TRANSPLANT FAILURE
RRT MODALITY AND SURVIVAL
QUALITY OF LIFE
Chapter 4: The Recipient of a Kidney Transplant
THE PATIENT WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
GENERAL CONCEPTS
COUNSELING
SPECIFIC MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS
PREPARATION FOR TRANSPLANTATION
Chapter 5: Access for Renal Replacement Therapy
INTRODUCTION
VASCULAR ACCESS CATHETERS
FISTULAS AND SYNTHETIC GRAFTS
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
RENAL TRANSPLANT ISSUES WITH PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
CONCLUSION
Chapter 6: Brain Death and Cardiac Death: Donor Criteria and Care of Deceased Donor
INTRODUCTION
BRAIN DEATH
CARDIAC DEATH
DONOR MANAGEMENT
OTHER TOPICS IN DONOR MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSION
Chapter 7: Medical Evaluation of the Living Donor
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND CURRENT STATUS
RATIONALE FOR LIVE KIDNEY DONATION
RISKS OF LIVE KIDNEY DONATION
THE EVALUATION PROCESS
SUMMARY
Chapter 8: Donor Nephrectomy
DECEASED DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
DONATION AFTER BRAIN DEATH
DONATION AFTER CARDIAC DEATH
LIVING DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT
OPEN DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
LAPAROSCOPIC DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
RIGHT DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
SINGLE-PORT DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
ROBOTIC DONOR NEPHRECTOMY
COMPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
Chapter 9: Kidney Preservation
TOWARDS “TAILORED” PRESERVATION STRATEGIES
PRINCIPLES OF COLD STORAGE PRESERVATION
COMPOSITION OF CLINICALLY USED SOLUTIONS
HYPOTHERMIC MACHINE PERFUSION REVISITED
NORMOTHERMIC PERFUSION
FUTURE OUTLOOK
Chapter 10: Histocompatibility in Kidney Transplantation
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
THE HLA SYSTEM
HLA MATCHING
HLA-SPECIFIC ALLOSENSITIZATION
DONOR CROSSMATCH
STRATEGIES FOR TRANSPLANTING SENSITIZED AND HIGHLY SENSITIZED PATIENTS
POSTTRANSPLANT MONITORING
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Chapter 11: Surgical Techniques of Kidney Transplantation
PREPARATION OF RECIPIENT
SITE
INCISION
PREPARATION OF OPERATIVE BED
PREPARATION OF KIDNEY
REVASCULARIZATION
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE URINARY TRACT
CLOSURE
PEDIATRIC RECIPIENT
PEDIATRIC DONOR
DOUBLE KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
TRANSPLANT NEPHRECTOMY
Chapter 12: Transplantation and the Abnormal Bladder
ASSESSMENT OF BLADDER FUNCTION
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT OF BLADDER DYSFUNCTION
CONCLUSION
Chapter 13: Perioperative Care of Patients Undergoing Kidney Transplantation
COMORBIDITIES IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE
PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
INTRAOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
ANESTHESIA FOR PATIENTS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
KIDNEY–PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION
Chapter 14: Early Course of the Patient with a Kidney Transplant
OVERVIEW
SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
REJECTION DURING THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
Chapter 15: Azathioprine
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF ACTION
DOSAGE
SIDE EFFECTS
MONITORING OF AZATHIOPRINE THERAPY
AZATHIOPRINE AND MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL
CYCLOSPORINE CONVERSION TO AZATHIOPRINE
AZATHIOPRINE CONVERSION TO MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL
TACROLIMUS AND AZATHIOPRINE
CONCLUSION
Chapter 16: Steroids
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF ACTION
STEROID RESISTANCE
DOSAGE
TREATMENT OF ACUTE REJECTION
SIDE EFFECTS
STEROID WITHDRAWAL AND AVOIDANCE
CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 17: Calcineurin Inhibitors
MECHANISM OF ACTION
PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES
PHARMACOGENETICS
ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION
METABOLISM AND ELIMINATION
SPECIAL PATIENT POPULATIONS
CLINICAL STUDIES IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
CLINICAL STUDIES IN KIDNEY–PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION (SEE CHAPTER 36)
SIDE EFFECTS AND TOLERABILITY OF CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS
CONCLUSION
Chapter 18: Mycophenolates
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF MYCOPHENOLATES
MECHANISM OF ACTION
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND BLOOD MONITORING
CLINICAL TOXICITIES
EARLY CLINICAL TRIALS OF MYCOPHENOLATES IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
COMBINATION THERAPY UTILIZING MMF IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
USE OF MYCOPHENOLATES TO MINIMIZE OR AVOID OTHER IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING
Chapter 19: mTor Inhibitors: Sirolimus and Everolimus
DISCOVERY
MECHANISM OF ACTION
PHARMACOKINETICS
THERAPEUTIC BLOOD MONITORING
PHARMACOGENETICS
DRUG INTERACTIONS
USE OF mTOR INHIBITORS
mTOR INHIBITORS AND MALIGNANCY
SAFETY AND SIDE EFFECTS OF mTOR INHIBITORS
CONCENTRATION-CONTROLLED DOSING
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 20: Antilymphocyte Globulin, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Fusion Proteins
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
ANTIBODY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
GENERAL CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF ANTIBODY PREPARATIONS
POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY PREPARATIONS
SPECIFIC CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY PREPARATIONS
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY PREPARATIONS
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN CURRENT CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION PRACTICE
FUSION PROTEINS
CONCLUSION
Chapter 21: Belatacept
INTRODUCTION: TWO SIGNALS
COSTIMULATORY PATHWAYS
COSTIMULATION BLOCKADE
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BELATACEPT
CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 22: Other Forms of Immunosuppression
SMALL MOLECULES
TOTAL LYMPHOID IRRADIATION
PHOTOPHERESIS
SPLENECTOMY
PLASMAPHERESIS
Chapter 23: Approaches to the Induction of Tolerance
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING THE IMMUNOLOGIC MECHANISMS BEHIND TOLERANCE INDUCTION
STRATEGIES WITH THE POTENTIAL TO INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE TO AN ALLOGRAFT
LEUKOCYTE DEPLETION AT THE TIME OF TRANSPLANTATION
CELL THERAPY
Chapter 24: Transplantation in the Sensitized Recipient and Across ABO Blood Groups
SENSITIZED PATIENTS
ALLOANTIBODY DETECTION
IMMUNOLOGICAL RISK
CLINICAL APPROACHES TO SENSITIZED PATIENTS
CHRONIC ANTIBODY-MEDIATED INJURY
ABO-INCOMPATIBLE KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
MECHANISTIC VIEW OF ANTIBODY PRODUCTION AND INJURY
CONCLUSION
Chapter 25: Kidney Paired Donation Programs for Living Donors
BEGINNINGS OF KIDNEY PAIRED DONATION
THE ROLE OF HLA MATCHING
LEGAL RESTRICTIONS
ANONYMITY
DONOR TRAVEL AND ORGAN TRANSPORT
FINANCIAL ISSUES
EXPANSIONS BEYOND INCOMPATIBLE PAIRS
THE ROLE OF NON-DIRECTED DONORS
GOALS OF MATCHING
MATCHING ALGORITHMS
REGISTRY SIZE
BEYOND NATIONAL LINES
FUTURE OF KIDNEY PAIRED DONATION
Chapter 26: Pathology of Kidney Transplantation
RENAL ALLOGRAFT BIOPSY
DONOR KIDNEY BIOPSY
HYPERACUTE REJECTION
ACUTE RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION
LATE GRAFT DISEASES
ACUTE TUBULAR INJURY
CALCINEURIN INHIBITOR NEPHROTOXICITY
TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITOR TOXICITY
DRUG-INDUCED ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
INFECTIONS
MAJOR RENAL VASCULAR DISEASE
DE NOVO GLOMERULAR DISEASE
RECURRENT RENAL DISEASE
PROTOCOL BIOPSIES
FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN BIOPSY ASSESSMENT
Chapter 27: Chronic Allograft Failure
INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM OF GRAFT LOSS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT DAMAGE
TIME COURSE OF HISTOLOGICAL DAMAGE
APPROACH TO A FAILING ALLOGRAFT
TREATMENT OF A FAILING ALLOGRAFT
SUMMARY
Chapter 28: Vascular and Lymphatic Complications after Kidney Transplantation
INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR PREVENTION
HEMATOMA
VASCULAR THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOPHILIA
TORSION
VASCULAR ACCESS THROMBOSIS
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
VASCULAR CAUSES OF URETERIC COMPLICATIONS
MYCOTIC ANEURYSM
BIOP