Preventive Cardiology: Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease , livre ebook

Preventive Cardiology
A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease

Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine and Director, The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

JoAnne M. Foody, MD, FACC, FAHA
Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Director, Cardiovascular Wellness Center, Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts

Nathan D. Wong, PhD, MPH, FACC, FAHA
Professor and Director, Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, California
Adjunct Professor, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine and Los Angeles, California
President, American Society for Preventive Cardiology
Saunders
Front Matter

Preventive Cardiology
A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease
Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FACC, FAHA
Professor of Medicine and Director
The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease
Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
JoAnne M. Foody, MD, FACC, FAHA
Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School
Director, Cardiovascular Wellness Center
Brigham and Women’s/Faulkner Hospitals
Boston, Massachusetts
Nathan D. Wong, PhD, MPH, FACC, FAHA
Professor and Director
Heart Disease Prevention Program
Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, California
Adjunct Professor, Department of Epidemiology
University of California, Irvine and Los Angeles, California
President, American Society for Preventive Cardiology
Copyright

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PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease 978-1-4377-1366-4
Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.


Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
978-1-4377-1366-4
Executive Publisher: Natasha Andjelkovic
Developmental Editor: Bradley McIlwain
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Team Leader: Radhika Pallamparthy
Senior Project Manager: Sarah Wunderly
Project Manager: Joanna Dhanabalan
Design Direction: Steven Stave
Printed in the United States
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Kenneth L. Baughman, who exemplified a tremendous commitment and personal passion for the principles and teachings of preventive cardiology during his entire life.
We would also like to thank our families for their support and encouragement during the development of this comprehensive textbook.
In addition, we extend special appreciation to those who inspired our careers in preventive cardiology, namely Drs. Eugene Braunwald, Peter Libby, Thomas Pearson, Adrian Ostfeld, William Kannel, William Castelli, Jeremiah Stamler, and Peter Kwiterovich.
Finally, we remember key colleagues and friends, including Dr. Stanley Blumenthal, Henry Ciccarone, David Kurtz, and John Yasuda, who made a difference in our lives and our commitment to preventive cardiology.
Contributors

Ashkan Afshin, MD, MPH, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
Role of Ethnicity in Cardiovascular Disease: Lessons Learned from MESA and Other Population-Based Studies

George L. Bakris, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center; Director, Hypertensive Disease Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes Metabolism and Hypertension, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
Advanced Risk Assessment in Patients with Kidney and Inflammatory Diseases

Christie M. Ballantyne, MD, Chief, Section of Cardiovascular Research; Interim Chief, Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Director, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas
Novel Biomarkers and the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk

Ronny A. Bell, PhD, MS, Professor of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
National and International Trends in Cardiovascular Disease: Incidence and Risk Factors

Jeffrey S. Berger, MD, MS, FACC, Assistant Professor of Medicine (Cardiology and Hematology); Assistant Professor of Surgery (Vascular Surgery); Director of Cardiovascular Thrombosis, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
Peripheral Arterial Disease Assessment and Management

Deepak L. Bhatt, MD, MPH, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI, FESC, Chief of Cardiology, VA Boston Healthcare System; Director, Integrated Interventional Cardiovascular Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and VA Boston Healthcare System; Senior Investigator, TIMI Study Group; Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Antiplatelet Therapy

George L. Blackburn, MD, PhD, S. Daniel Abraham Associate Professor of Nutrition Medicine; Associate Director of Nutrition, Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School; Director of the Center for the Study of Nutrition and Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Overweight, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Risk

Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
Preventive Cardiology: Past, Present, and Future

Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FACC, Professor of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Preventive Cardiology Center, Baltimore, Maryland
Preventive Cardiology: Past, Present, and Future ; Role of Vascular Computed Tomography in Evaluation and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Ariel Brautbar, MD, Assistant Professor, Section of Cardiovascular Research, Division of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Novel Biomarkers and the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk

Matthew J. Budoff, MD, FAHA, FACC, Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Director, Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California
Role of Vascular Computed Tomography in Evaluation and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Gregory L. Burke, MD, MSc, Professor and Director, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
National and International Trends in Cardiovascular Disease: Incidence and Risk Factors

Javed Butler, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Emory University; Deputy Chief Science Advisor, American Heart Association, Atlanta, Georgia
Heart Failure Prevention

Alison M. Coates, PhD, Senior Lecturer, Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
Nutritional Approaches for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Mary C. Corretti, MD, FACC, FAHA, FASE, Associate Professor of Medicine; Director, Echocardiography Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins Hospital School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Endothelial Function and Dysfunction

Rebecca B. Costello, PhD, FACN, Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Integrative Medicine in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Michael H. Davidson, MD, FACC, FACP, FNLA, Clinical Professor and Director of Preventive Cardiology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medici