Tattooed Skin and Health

Description

With about 10–20% of the adult population in Europe being tattooed, there is a strong demand for publications discussing the various issues related to tattooed skin and health. Until now, only a few scientific studies on tattooing have been published. This book discusses different aspects of the various medical risks associated with tattoos, such as allergic reactions from red tattoos, papulo-nodular reactions from black tattoos as well as technical and psycho-social complications, in addition to bacterial and viral infections. Further sections are dedicated to the composition of tattoo inks, and a case is made for the urgent introduction of national and international regulations. Distinguished authors, all specialists in their particular fields, have contributed to this publication which provides a comprehensive view of the health implications associated with tattooing. The book covers a broad range of topics that will be of interest to clinicians and nursing staff, toxicologists and regulators as well as laser surgeons who often face the challenge of having to remove tattoos, professional tattooists and producers of tattoo ink.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 26 mars 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9783318027778
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Tattooed Skin and Health
Current Problems in Dermatology
Vol. 48
Series Editors
Peter Itin Basel
Gregor B.E. Jemec Roskilde
Tattooed Skin and Health
Volume Editors
Jørgen Serup Copenhagen
Nicolas Kluger Helsinki
Wolfgang Bäumler Regensburg
110 figures, 85 in color, and 25 tables, 2015
Current Problems in Dermatology
______________________ Prof. Jørgen Serup Bispebjerg University Hospital Department of Dermatology D Copenhagen (Denmark)
______________________ Dr. Nicolas Kluger Department of Skin and Allergic Diseases Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki (Finland)
______________________ Prof. Wolfgang Bäumler Department of Dermatology University of Regensburg Regensburg (Germany)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tattooed skin and health / volume editors, Jørgen Serup, Nicolas Kluger, Wolfgang Bäumler.
p. ; cm. –– (Current problems in dermatology, ISSN 1421-5721 ; vol. 48)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-318-02776-1 (hard cover: alk. paper) –– ISBN 978-3-318-02777-8 (electronic version)
I. Serup, Jørgen, editor. II. Kluger, Nicolas, editor. III. Bäumler, Wolfgang, 1959-, editor. IV. Series: Current problems in dermatology ; v.
48. 1421-5721
[DNLM: 1. Tattooing––adverse effects. 2. Coloring Agents. 3. Epidermis-pathology. 4. Tattooing––legislation & jurisprudence. 5. Tattooing––methods. W1 CU804L v.48 2015 / WR 140]
GT2345
391.6'5––dc23
2015000919
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including MEDLINE/Pubmed.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2015 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland) and DOT/UETA (chapter by Schmidt)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck, Ettlingen
ISSN 1421-5721
e-ISSN 1662-2944
ISBN 978-3-318-02776-1
e-ISBN 978-3-318-02777-8
Contents
Preface
Serup, J. (Copenhagen); Kluger, N. (Helsinki); Bäumler, W. (Regensburg)

The Tattooed and the Social Environment
The Cultural Heritage of Tattooing: A Brief History
Krutak, L. (Washington, D.C.)
Epidemiology of Tattoos in Industrialized Countries
Kluger, N. (Helsinki)
The Practise of Tattooing
Tattoo Machines, Needles and Utilities
Rosenkilde, F. (Copenhagen)
The Technique and Craftsmanship of Tattooing in the Professional Tattoo Parlour
Kristensen, L. (Sorø)
Tattoo as Art, the Drivers Behind the Fascination and the Decision to Become Tattooed
Kierstein, L. (Copenhagen); Kjelskau, K.C. (Oslo)
Personal Records from My Tattoo Parlour: Deep Emotions Drawn as Life-Long Pictures on the Skin's Canvas
Kierstein, L. (Copenhagen)
Tattooist-Customer Relationships in a Diversified Environment of Professional Tattooists and ‘Scratchers’
Wedel Kristensen, M. (Copenhagen)
Tattoos and Adverse Events
Tattoo Complaints and Complications: Diagnosis and Clinical Spectrum
Serup, J.; Hutton Carlsen, K.; Sepehri, M. (Copenhagen)
Complications of Cosmetic Tattoos
De Cuyper, C. (Brugge)
Chronic Tattoo Reactions Cause Reduced Quality of Life Equaling Cumbersome Skin Diseases
Hutton Carlsen, K.; Serup, J. (Copenhagen)
Contraindications for Tattooing
Kluger, N. (Helsinki)
Laser Tattoo Removal, Precautions, and Unwanted Effects
Eklund, Y.; Troilius Rubin, A. (Malmö)
Nano-Scale Observations of Tattoo Pigments in Skin by Atomic Force Microscopy
Grant, C.A.; Twigg, P.C.; Tobin, D.J. (Bradford)
Manufacturing, Materials and Properties of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products
Manufacturing of Tattoo Ink Products Today and in Future: Europe
Michel, R. (Neuburg am Rhein)
The Realistic Variables Underlying True Safety in Tattoo Pigment Manufacturing
Barth, M. (Hackensack, N.J.)
Making Innovative Tattoo Ink Products with Improved Safety: Possible and Impossible Ingredients in Practical Usage
Dirks, M. (Esslingen)
Tailored Surface Engineering of Pigments by Layer-by-Layer Coating
Dähne, L.; Schneider, J.; Lewe, D.; Petersen, H. (Berlin)
Ingredients, Chemical Analysis and Safety of Marketed Tattoo Ink Stock Products
Chemical Purity and Toxicology of Pigments Used in Tattoo Inks
Petersen, H.; Lewe, D. (Berlin)
Survey on European Studies of the Chemical Characterisation of Tattoo Ink Products and the Measurement of Potentially Harmful Ingredients
Agnello, M.; Fontana, M. (Grugliasco)
Tattoo Inks: Legislation, Pigments, Metals and Chemical Analysis
Prior, G. (Bielefeld)
The Challenges and Limitations of Chemical Analysis of Particulate Pigments of Very Low Solubility
Olsen, O. (Vedbaek)
Photostability and Breakdown Products of Pigments Currently Used in Tattoo Inks
Hauri, U.; Hohl, C. (Basel)
Carbon Black Nanoparticles and Other Problematic Constituents of Black Ink and Their Potential to Harm Tattooed Humans
Jacobsen, N.R.; Clausen, P.A. (Copenhagen)
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of Tattoo Colorants and Ingredients in Mouse and Man: The Known and the Unknown
Bäumler, W. (Regensburg)
Towards the Limiting of Health Risks Associated with Tattooing: Whitelists for Tattoo Pigments and Preservatives
Blume, A.; Platzek, T.; Vieth, B.; Hutzler, C.; Luch, A. (Berlin)
Survey of Studies on Microbial Contamination of Marketed Tattoo Inks
Bonadonna, L. (Rome)
Regulation of and Intervention in the Tattoo Business
The European Landscape of National Regulations of Tattoo Inks and Businesses
Laux, P.; Luch, A. (Berlin)
Implementation of European Council Resolution ResAP(2008)1 in Italy. National and Regional Regulation of Tattoo Practices: Diversity and Challenges
Renzoni, A.; Pirrera, A.; Novello, F.; Diamante, M.S.; Guarino, C. (Rome)
EU Actions to Ensure the Safety of Tattoos and the Protection of Consumers
Blass Rico, A.M. (Brussels)
Surveillance of Tattoo-Related Adverse Events by the EU RAPEX System and by National Monitoring
Verdier, C. (Marines)
The Amsterdam Model for Control of Tattoo Parlours and Businesses
Veenstra, T. (Amsterdam)
Hygiene Standards for Tattooists
Schmidt, A. (Willich-Neersen)
Hygiene Standards in the Tattoo Parlour and Practices for Prevention of Infection
Bergström, J. (Åkersberga); Bodlund, M. (Helsingborg)
Seamless Prevention of Adverse Events from Tattooing: Integrated Strategy Emphasising the Customer-Tattooist Interaction
Serup, J. (Copenhagen)
Regulation of Tattoo Ink Production and the Tattoo Business in the US
Haugh, I.M.; Laumann, S.L.; Laumann, A.E. (Chicago, Ill.)
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
With some 100 million Europeans being tattooed, i.e. 10-20% of the adult population, it is timely to highlight tattooed skin and health.
Tattoos have been part of human history for thousands of years and have flourished due to people's emotions, aspirations and wishes to permanently express themselves as individuals. Today, as in the past, people hold the ownership of tattoos. Tattoos have a sunny side and a rebellious drive as well as a shadow. In modern society, tattoos are mainly decorative, used by both genders and span a broad range of social segments, age groups and ethnicities. The tattoo culture is global and serviced by a huge industry that operates across national borders and continents.
Unlike in the past, when soot and soil minerals were used for tattooing, tattoo colorants are now based on modern-pigment chemistry, which has allowed elaborate artwork on the skin. These pigments, however, entail a complex chemistry that is injected into the skin when getting a tattoo. Pigment particles are also sized in the nano-range. Modern scientific technologies that should be used to provide safer tattoo colorants and minimise the risk of the possible health concerns that come along with tattooing are now availa