Basic Concepts of Ancient Philosophy

Richard Rojcewicz, Martin Heidegger

Description

Heidegger's systematic history of ancient philosophy

Basic Concepts of Ancient Philosophy presents a lecture course given by Martin Heidegger in 1926 at the University of Marburg. First published in German as volume 22 of the collected works, the book provides Heidegger's most systematic history of Ancient philosophy beginning with Thales and ending with Aristotle. In this lecture, which coincides with the completion of his most important work, Being and Time, Heidegger is working out a way to sharply differentiate between beings and Being. Richard Rojcewicz's clear and accurate translation offers English-speaking readers valuable insight into Heidegger's views on Ancient thought and concepts such as principle, cause, nature, unity, multiplicity, Logos, truth, science, soul, category, and motion.

Translator's Foreword
Preliminary Remarks

PART ONE. General Introduction to Ancient Philosophy
Chapter One. Working out of the central concepts and questions of ancient philosophy, with the first book of Aristotle's Metaphysics as guideline
Chapter Two. The question of cause and of foundation as a philosophical question

PART TWO. The Most Important Greek Thinkers: Their Questions and Answers

Section One. Philosophy up to Plato
Chapter One. Milesian philosophy of nature
Chapter Two. Heraclitus
Chapter Three. Parmenides and the Eleatics
Chapter Four. The later philosophy of nature: Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and atomism
Chapter Five. Sophistry and Socrates

Section Two. Plato's philosophy
Chapter One. Biography, secondary literature, and general characterization of Plato's questioning
Chapter Two. More concrete determination of the problem of Being in Plato's philosophy
Chapter Three. Interpretation of the dialogue, Theatetus: the connection between the question of the Idea of science and the question of Being
First definition
Second definition
Third definition
Chapter Four. Central concepts of Plato's philosophy in the context of the understanding of Being and the question of Being

Section Three. Aristotle's philosophy
Chapter One. On the problem of the development and of the adequate reception of Aristotle's philosophy
Chapter Two. The ontological problem and the idea of philosophical research
Chapter Three. The fundamental questioning of the problematic of Being
Chapter Four. The problem of motion and the ontological meaning of that problem.
Chapter Five. Ontology of life and of Dasein

APPENDICES
Supplementary Texts
Excerpts from the Mörchen Transcription
Bröcker Transcription
Editor's Afterword
Greek-English Glossary

Sujets

• Philosophie
• Épistémologie
• Philosophie de l'esprit
• Philosophie antique
• Movements
• Surveys
• PHILOSOPHY
• Philosophie et théologie
• Phenomenology
• Classical
• Ancient
• Continental
• History
• Classics

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 12 novembre 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253004369
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Basic Concepts of Ancient Philosophy
Studies in Continental Thought
GENERAL EDITOR
JOHN SALLIS
CONSULTING EDITORS
Robert Bernasconi
Rudolf Bernet
John D. Caputo
David Carr
Edward S. Casey
Hubert L. Dreyfus
Don Ihde
David Farrell Krell
Lenore Langsdorf
Alphonso Lingis
William L. McBride
J. N. Mohanty
Mary Rawlinson
Tom Rockmore
Calvin O. Schrag
Reiner Sch rmann
Charles E. Scott
Thomas Sheehan
Robert Sokolowski
Bruce W. Wilshire
David Wood
Martin Heidegger
Basic Concepts of Ancient Philosophy
Translated by
Richard Rojcewicz
Indiana University Press
Bloomington and Indianapolis
This book is a publication of
Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA
http://iupress.indiana.edu
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Published in German as Martin Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe , volume 22:
Die Grundbegriffe der antiken Philosophie ,
edited by Franz-Karl Blust
1993 German edition by Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main
2008 English edition by Indiana University Press
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976.
[Grundbegriffe der antiken Philosophie. English]
Basic concepts of ancient philosophy / Martin Heidegger ;
translated by Richard Rojcewicz.
p. cm. - (Studies in Continental thought)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-0-253-34965-1 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Philosophy, Ancient. I. Title.
B113.H4513 2008 180-dc22
2007016095
1 2 3 4 5 13 12 11 10 09 08
CONTENTS
Translator s Foreword
P RELIMINARY R EMARKS
1. On the aim and character of the course .
2. Preliminary determination of the concept of philosophy over and against the current views .
3. Preliminary determination of the object of philosophy over and against the positive sciences: philosophy as critical science .
4. The critical function of philosophy: to separate and differentiate beings from Being .
5. Aim and method of the course .
6. The most important resources for texts. Sources regarding the historical transmission. General presentations and the most important study aids .
a) The most important resources for texts .
b) The handing down of philosophy among the Greek thinkers themselves. (Sources regarding the historical transmission.)
c) General presentations .
d) Encyclopedia articles .
e) General studies in the history of ancient thinking .
P ART O NE General Introduction to Ancient Philosophy
C HAPTER O NE Working out of the central concepts and questions of ancient philosophy, with the first book of Aristotle s Metaphysics as guideline
7. Epochs of ancient philosophy .
8. Methodological middle way: Aristotle as guide. Structure of the first book of the Metaphysics . Aristotle s Metaphysics: editions and commentaries .
9. Various modes of disclosing and- understanding ( Met . A, chap. 1) .
10. More precise characterization of ( Met . A, chap. 2) .
11. On the concept of and of in Aristotle .
a) On the character of Aristotle s presentation of the previous philosophies: orientation with respect to the guideline, namely Aristotle s theory of the causes. Taking a position on the reproach of proceeding unhistorically .
b) Determination of the concept of in Met . , chap. 1 .
12. The question of the causes in the previous philosophy .
a) The working out of the -character of in the previous philosophy .
b) The question of cause in the sense of the whence of motion. The cause as impetus. The notion of the immobility of all beings .
c) The cause of motion in the sense of ordering and ruling .
d) and as causes of .
e) The coming to light of the cause as the in the number theory of the Pythagoreans .
f) Plato s way of treating the problem of the causes ( Met . A, chap. 6): the Ideas as the Being of beings, in the sense of the what.
C HAPTER T WO The question of cause and of foundation as a philosophical question
13. The unclarified connection between the question of cause and the question of Being: posing questions .
14. The problem of foundation in modern philosophy .
Recapitulation .
P ART T WO The Most Important Greek Thinkers: Their Questions and Answers
S ECTION O NE Philosophy up to Plato
C HAPTER O NE Milesian philosophy of nature
15. Thales .
16. Anaximander .
17. Anaximenes .
18. The problem of Being. The question of the relation between Being and becoming and the question of opposition in general. Transition to Heraclitus and Parmenides .
C HAPTER T WO Heraclitus
19. The principle of Heraclitean thought .
20. The main themes of Heraclitean thought .
a) The question of oppositionality and unity .
b) as principle of beings .
c) Disclosure and determination of the soul .
d) Assessment of Heraclitus s philosophy and transition to Parmenides .
C HAPTER T HREE Parmenides and the Eleatics
21. The problem of the relation between the two parts of Parmenides didactic poem .
22. Interpretation of Parmenides didactic poem .
a) The first part of the didactic poem: the way of truth .
b) The second part of the didactic poem: the way of semblance .
23. Zeno of Elea .
a) Zeno s attempt to provide arguments contradicting the possibility of plurality and motion .
b) Four examples refuting the possibility of motion .
c) Evaluation of Zeno s philosophy .
24. Melissus of Samos .
C HAPTER F OUR The later philosophy of nature: Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and atomism
25. Being and the multiplicity of changing beings in the later philosophy of nature .
26. The problem of knowledge in the later philosophy of nature .
C HAPTER F IVE Sophistry and Socrates
27. General characterization of sophistry .
28. Protagoras .
29. Gorgias .
30. Further exponents of sophistry .
a) Hippias of Elis .
b) Prodicus of Ceos .
c) Anonymus Iamblichi .
d) .
31. Socrates .
a) Biography and sources .
b) The significance of Socrates for the understanding of Dasein in general .
c) The significance of Socrates for scientific-philosophical research .
S ECTION T WO Plato s philosophy
C HAPTER O NE Biography, secondary literature, and general characterization of Plato s questioning
32. Biography, sources, and secondary literature .
33. General characterization of Plato s questioning .
Recapitulation .
C HAPTER T WO More concrete determination of the problem of Being in Plato s philosophy
34. Ground and domain of the problem of Being .
a) The apprehension of beings and the understanding of Being in the Republic .
b) The cave allegory: levels and relativity of truth .
35. Indication of the center of the problem of the Ideas .
36. Regarding the basic problem of ontology and regarding dialectics .
C HAPTER T HREE Interpretation of the dialogue, Theatetus : the connection between the question of the Idea of science and the question of Being
Content-summary and outline (142Aff.) .
37. Prologue and introduction. Fixing the theme: what is knowledge?
a) Prelude: dialogue between Eucleides and Terpsion (142A-143C) .
b) Introduction to the dialogue proper (143D-151D) .
Recapitulation .
38. General discussion of the significance of the questioning in the Theatetus in the context of the Platonic problem of Being .
F IRST DEFINITION : ( CHAPS . 8-30)
39. Knowledge is perception: clarification of this thesis through the propositions of Protagoras and Heraclitus (chaps. 8-15, 151D-161B) .
40. Fundamental and conclusive refutation of Protagoras s doctrine of knowledge by testing its Heraclitean presuppositions (chaps. 27-29, 180C-184A) .
41. Refutation of Theatetus s thesis: = (chaps. 29-39, 184A-187B) .
S ECOND DEFINITION : ( CHAPS . 31-38, 187B-201D)
42. Proof of the thesis that knowledge is true by way of proving the impossibility of .
a) The path through the proof of the impossibility of as evidence for the intrinsic reference of this questioning to the problem of Being .
b) The carrying out of the proof of the impossibility of (187B-189B) .
43. Parenthetical discussion of the as-structure and otherness .
a) The as-structure of . The mutual exclusivity of Being and nonbeing in the Greek theory of .
b) The relativity of the in the sense of otherness in the Sophist .
44. as the ground of possibility of (189B-190C) .
45. and the conjunction of perception and thought ( ) (190C-200D) .
46. Testing the second definition (201A-D) .
T HIRD DEFINITION OF : ( CHAPS . 39-43, 201E-210B)
47. General characterization of the thesis: knowledge is true . Interpretation and denomination .
48. Clarification of the phenomenon of .
a) Attempt at determining the phenomenon of .
b) Summary: the question of knowledge and the function of in the problem of Being .
C HAPTER F OUR Central concepts of Plato s philosophy in the context of the understanding of Being and the question of Being
49. The Idea of the .
a) Being and the for the sake of which of understanding .
b) Being and value .
50. Summarizing retrospective .
a) Critical evaluation of Plato s treatment of the problem of Being .
b) Retrospective on pre-Aristotelian philosophy, for the sake of a transition to Aristotle .
S ECTION T HREE Aristotle s philosophy
C HAPTER O NE On the problem of the development and of the adequate reception of Aristotle