Global Pentecostalism in the 21st Century

Description

Pentecostalism and civic life in the next generations

This state-of-the-field overview of Pentecostalism around the world focuses on cultural developments among second- and third-generation adherents in regions with large Pentecostal communities, considering the impact of these developments on political participation, citizenship, gender relations, and economic morality. Leading scholars from anthropology, sociology, religious studies, and history present useful introductions to global issues and country-specific studies drawn from Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the former USSR.

Preface
Introduction: The Unexpected Modern—Gender, Piety, and Politics in the Global Pentecostal Surge \ Robert W. Hefner
1. Pentecostalism: An Alternative Form of Modernity and Modernization? \ David Martin
2. The Future of Pentecostalism in Brazil: The Limits to Growth \ Paul Freston
3. Social Mobility and Politics in African Pentecostal Modernity \ David Maxwell
4. Tensions and Trends in Pentecostal Gender and Family Relations \ Bernice Martin
5. Gender, Modernity, and Pentecostal Christianity in China \ Nanlai Cao
6. The Routinization of Soviet Pentecostalism and the Liberation of Charisma in Russia and Ukraine \ Christopher Marsh and Artyom Tonoyan
7. Pentecost amid Pujas: Charismatic Christianity and Dalit Women in Twenty-First-Century India \ Rebecca Samuel Shah and Timothy Samuel Shah
8. Politics, Education, and Civic Participation: Catholic Charismatic Modernities in the Philippines \ Katharine L. Wiegele
Afterword \ Peter L. Berger
Contributors
Index

Sujets

• Religion
• Christianisme
• Sociology of Religion
• Pentecostal Charismatic
• Philosophie et théologie
• Pentecostalism
• Christianity
• Anthropology

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 02 octobre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253010940
• Langue: English

Extrait

GLOBAL PENTECOSTALISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY
GLOBAL PENTECOSTALISM in the 21st Century
Edited by Robert W. Hefner
Afterword by Peter L. Berger
Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis
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2013 by Indiana University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Global Pentecostalism in the 21st century / edited by Robert W. Hefner; afterword by Peter L. Berger.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-253-01081-0 (cloth : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-253-01086-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-253-01094-0 (ebook) 1. Pentecostalism-History-21st century. 2. Christianity and culture-History-21st century.
I. Hefner, Robert W., date, editor of compilation.
BR1644.G56 2013
270.8 3-dc23
2013021517
1 2 3 4 5 18 17 16 15 14 13
CONTENTS
Preface
INTRODUCTION
The Unexpected Modern-Gender, Piety, and Politics in the Global Pentecostal Surge
ROBERT W. HEFNER
ONE
Pentecostalism: An Alternative Form of Modernity and Modernization?
DAVID MARTIN
TWO
The Future of Pentecostalism in Brazil: The Limits to Growth
PAUL FRESTON
THREE
Social Mobility and Politics in African Pentecostal Modernity
DAVID MAXWELL
FOUR
Tensions and Trends in Pentecostal Gender and Family Relations
BERNICE MARTIN
FIVE
Gender, Modernity, and Pentecostal Christianity in China
NANLAI CAO
SIX
The Routinization of Soviet Pentecostalism and the Liberation of Charisma in Russia and Ukraine
CHRISTOPHER MARSH AND ARTYOM TONOYAN
SEVEN
Pentecost amid Pujas: Charismatic Christianity and Dalit Women in Twenty-First-Century India
REBECCA SAMUEL SHAH AND TIMOTHY SAMUEL SHAH
EIGHT
Politics, Education, and Civic Participation: Catholic Charismatic Modernities in the Philippines
KATHARINE L. WIEGELE
AFTERWORD PETER L. BERGER
Contributors
Index
PREFACE
After its establishment by Peter L. Berger in 1985, one of the first research projects to which the Institute on Culture, Religion, and World Affairs (CURA) at Boston University turned was on the rise of Evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity in Latin America. The project was directed by one of CURA s earliest international partners, David Martin, a sociologist of religion at the London School of Economics and a leading scholar of modern religion and comparative Christianity. At the time, the secularization thesis reigned supreme in the social sciences, and many researchers were convinced that Evangelicalism and Pentecostalism were antimodern throwbacks destined to decline as societies became modern. David Martin and Peter Berger were convinced that something more complex was afoot, and that, rather than being antimodern, Pentecostalism might yet prove itself an alternative avenue to modernity. Their views were to prove prescient.
Fresh from almost a decade of anthropological research on religious change in Indonesia, I joined CURA in 1986, the first year of the Martin project and four years after finishing my Ph.D. Anthropology was the one among the social sciences in which secularization theory had never been securely hegemonic. Nonetheless, many of my friends in the discipline looked with a mixture of skepticism and bewilderment at the CURA project, not because they thought Pentecostalism antimodern, but because in those years (quite unlike today, see chapter 1 ) most anthropologists found global Christianity inauthentic and uninteresting. Complicating matters further, some of my colleagues thought that, to the degree that Pentecostal and Evangelical varieties of Christianities were taking hold in the global south, it was primarily as a result of an unholy alliance between fundamentalist Christians and the United States government.
Although at first projects like the one David Martin conducted for CURA inspired collegial doubts, then, CURA continued over the years to sponsor projects on Evangelical and Pentecostal Christianity. In the mid-1980s, in the course of carrying out research on Islamization in East Java, Indonesia, I stumbled onto and studied a small network of Christian converts. Most were self-consciously Evangelical; in the 1990s, many split off to become Pentecostal, joining a wave of Pentecostal conversion sweeping across the minority margins of this Muslim-majority society, as well as portions of its Singaporean, Malaysian, and Philippine neighbors. CURA fellows continued their involvement with charismatic Christianity in other fields as well. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, CURA launched another project collaboration with Bernice and David Martin, who had now established themselves as preeminent figures in the sociology of Pentecostalism and Evangelicalism. In the 2000s, we worked with Ann Bernstein and the Centre for Development and Enterprise in Johannesburg to conduct two projects on Pentecostalism and socioeconomic change in West and southern Africa. From 2008 to 2012, and under the direction of Timothy Shah and James Wallace (both at the time Research Fellows at CURA), we sponsored a United States-based project, The Emergence of a New Evangelical American Intelligentsia. From 2009-2012, Robert P. Weller, a senior CURA fellow and anthropologist at Boston University, organized a team of Chinese researchers to examine religious change in the lower Yangtze region, in which Pentecostalism figured centrally.
In the meantime and well beyond CURA s seminar rooms, interest in the growth of Pentecostalism across the global south soared from the mid-1990s onward. Once diffident toward the topic, anthropology developed a new and remarkable subfield known as the anthropology of Christianity, in which Pentecostalism figured prominently. Sociologists, students of comparative Christianity, and finally political scientists caught wind of the phenomenon as well, not least because its implications for global Christianity and democratic citizenship remained largely unknown.
It was against this background that in November 2009 Peter Berger and I thought it might be intellectually interesting to bring together a few scholars with experience in Pentecostal studies as well as an interest in the broader question of religion and globalization, to stand back and assess the state of the field, from a slightly different perspective than that common in many studies. Our aim was not to add to the impressive body of literature on the causes of Pentecostal conversion, but to look more closely at what happens to Pentecostals once their numbers have grown and their communities are sufficiently secure that they begin to confidently engage the institutions and cultures of the larger society. In other words, we were interested in what happens as Pentecostals move from their earlier habits of protective rupture and moral separation toward engagement and civic integration. We were also interested in exploring the developmental tensions resulting from Pentecostal efforts to come to terms with three realities that, whether welcome or not, affect all religions and public ethical traditions in our late-modern age: capitalist markets; the state and its associated practices of citizenship; and the challenge of modern multicultural diversity (see chapter 1 for discussion of moral separation and developmental tensions). In short, our aim was to explore the Pentecostal experience of today and the near future.
With these ends in mind, we invited the scholars who went on to contribute to this book to a workshop at Boston University in June 2010. At the meeting, we discussed and refined our ideas on the project s aims and methods. After the conference, and with a set of shared concerns in mind, the participants headed off for different parts of the world, to conduct additional research and, after that, prepare a project report. The reports were presented at a conference at the CURA offices at Boston University in April 2011. In the months that followed the conference, we continued our discussion by email; we revised our papers in light of these discussions, ultimately creating the present book.
I want to take this opportunity to thank the participants in the project, and especially Peter L. Berger, David Martin, and Bernice Martin. A little known fact from his remarkable biography, Peter conducted research among immigrant Pentecostals in New York City in the 1950s. David and Bernice played pivotal roles in the shaping of the post-1960s sociology of religion and the 1980s creation of the sociology of global Christianity. Although the contributors to this volume come from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds and work in different world areas, all of us came to the project in inspired dialogue with Peter, David, and Bernice. This book is dedicated to the three of them.

ROBERT W. HEFNER
Director, Institute on Culture, Religion, and World Affairs, Boston University
GLOBAL PENTECOSTALISM IN THE 21ST CENTURY
INTRODUCTION
The Unexpected Modern-Gender, Piety, and Politics in the Global Pentecostal Surge
ROBERT W. HEFNER
It is by now a commonplace in sociology, anthropology, and comparative religious studies to observe that Pentecostalism is the fastest growi