THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MINERALOGY , livre ebook
104
pages
English
Ebooks
2018
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104
pages
English
Ebooks
2018
Obtenez un accès à la bibliothèque pour le consulter en ligne En savoir plus
Publié par
Date de parution
02 mai 2018
EAN13
9781942876243
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
4 Mo
The Fundamentals of Crystallography and Mineralogy is a pioneering textbook for high school and early geology university courses. It draws from everyday examples of items and things commonly seen in most African communities. Grounded in the Competence Based Approach, it provides the learner with an essential grasp of the concepts, models and knowledge, thus maximizing the learning experience for all students.
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Publié par
Date de parution
02 mai 2018
EAN13
9781942876243
Langue
English
Poids de l'ouvrage
4 Mo
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MINERALOGY
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MINERALOGY Fîrst Edîtîon
DENVER
Śpears medIa ress c
7830 W Āàéà Āvé Śûé 03-47 évé co 806 uŚĀ ŝ ûbŝé é ué Śàéŝ ô Āéçà b Śéàŝ méà éŝŝ c wwwŝéàŝéàçô ô@ŝéàŝéàçô ôàô ô ŝ é: wwwŝéàŝéàçôçŝàôà-éàô © Areas N. Ndîmoor 2018 A rîgs reserved.
No par o îs pubîcaîon may be reproduced, dîsrîbued, or ransmîed în any orm or by any means, încudîng poocopy-îng, recordîng, or oer eecronîc or mecanîca meods, wîou e prîor wrîen permîssîon o e pubîser, excep în e case o brîe quoaîons embodîed în crîîca revîews and ceraîn oer noncommercîa uses permîed by copyrîg aw. For permîssîon requess, wrîe o e pubîser, addressed “Aenîon: Permîssîons Coordînaor,” a e address above.
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ïSBN: 978-1-942876-24-3 [Paperback] Aso avaîabe în ebook (Kînde)
Spears Medîa Press as no responsîbîîy or e persîsence or accuracy o urs or exerna or îrd-pary înerne websîes reerred o în îs pubîcaîon, and does no guaranee a any conen on suc websîes îs, or wî remaîn, accurae or appro-prîae.
To all Geology/Eart Scîence Teacers and Students bot present and uture.
C O N T E N T
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Chapter 1
Caper Objecîves 1.1 ïnroducîon 1.1.1 Word Hîsory 1.1.2 DeInîîon 1.1.3 he Unî Ce 1.1.4 Crysaîsaîon 1.2 he Exerna Feaures o A Crysa 1.2.1 Faces 1.2.2 Forms 1.2.3 Edges 1.2.4 Soîd anges or Nodes 1.2.5 Habî 1.2.6 ïneracîa anges1.2.7 Zonaîon 1.3 he Eemens o Symmery 1.3.1 Cenre o symmery 1.3.2 Pane o symmery 1.3.3 Axîs o symmery 1.4 Crysaograpîc Axes and Crysaograpîc Anges 1.4.1 Crysaograpîc axes 14.1.1 Orogona Axes 1.4.1.2 Non-Orogona crysaograpîc axes 1.4.1.3 Specîa se
1
1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6
8 8 8 8 8
Namîng o Crysaograpîc Axes 1.4.2 Crysaograpîc anges 1.5 Crysaograpîc Noaîon (ïnerceps, Parameers and ïndîces) 1.5.1 ïnerceps 1.5.2 Parameers (he Parameer sysem o Weîss) 1.5.3 ïndîces (he ïndex Sysem o Mîer or Mîer ïndîces) 1.6 Crysa Forms 1.6.1 Some common orms în e Non – ïsomerîc Sysem 1.6.2 Some common orms în e ïsomerîc sysem 1.7 CassîIcaîon o Crysas 1.7.1 CassîIcaîon îno sysems 1.7.2 CassîIcaîon îno casses 2. he Teragona Sysem 1.8 Hands-on acîvîîes or Crysaograpy Activity 1
MINERALOGYChapter 2
Caper objecîves 2.1 ïnroducîon
9 10
10 10
12
12 13
14
16 16 16 17 18 22 22
25
27
27
v
T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S O F C R Y S T A L L O G R A P H Y & M I N E R A L O G Y
2.1.1 DeInîîon 2.1.2 he Orîgîn o Mîneras and e Rock cyce 2.2 Bondîng în Mîneras 2.2.3 Van der Waas (or resîdua) bondîng 2.3 Pysîca Properîes o Mîneras 2.3.2 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng upon ceraîn senses: Tase, Odour and Fee. 2.3.3 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng on e aomîc srucure and e sae o aggregaîon (bondîng): 2.3.5 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng on ea: usîbîîy and conducîvîy. 2.3.6 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng on magneîsm, eecrîcîy and radîoacîvîy. 2.4 Occurrence and CassîIcaîon o Rock Formîng Mîneras 2.4.1 Occurrence o mîneras 2.4.2 CassîIcaîon o rock ormîng mîneras 2.5 he Sîîcae Group o Mîneras 2.5.2 CassîIcaîon o Sîîcae Mîneras 2.5.3 Properîes o e sîîcaes în reaîon o eîr srucure (ïnerna aomîc arrangemen) 2.5.3.1 Pysîca Properîes 2.5.3.2 Cemîca properîes 2.5.5 Undersandîng Pase dîagrams (Temperaure/composîîon dîagrams) 2.5.6 Geîng Composîîons and Temperaures o ormaîon rom Pase Dîagrams 2.5.7 he Cemîsry o Sîîcae Mîneras 2.5.7.1 Nesoîcaes 2.5.7.3 Cycosîîcaes 2.5.7.4 ïnosîîcaes (Caîn Sîîcaes) 2.5.7.5 Pyosîîcaes (See Sîîcaes) 2.5.7.6 Tecosîîcaes (ramework sîîcaes) 2.6 Non-Sîîcae Mîneras
v
27
28 29 30 31
35
36
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42
44 44
45 45 46
50 50 51
53
54 55 55 58 59 62 65 71
2.7 Hands-on acîvîîes or Mîneraogy Activity 1Activity 2Activity 3
WEBSïTES BOOKS
Fîgures Fîgure 1: he Sodîum Corîde Unî ce Fîgure 2: ïneracîa Ange Fîgure 3: A Conac Gonîomeer Fîgure 4: Usîng e Conac Gonîomeer Fîgure 5: Zones and Zone axes Fîgure 6: Demonsraîon o aces, edges and nodes on a cube Fîgure 7: Panes o symmery on a cube ûé 8: Āéŝ ô ŝé ô à çûbé Fîgure 9: Orogona axes Fîgure 10: Non-Orogona axes Fîgure 11: Specîa Se Fîgure 12: a1, a2, a3 crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 13: a1, a2, c crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 14: a, b, c crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 15: he a-b, a-c and b-c Fîgure 16: Face 1, înercepîng e a crysaograpîc axîs Fîgure 17: A comparîson beween 2 aces, Fîgure 18: Face 4 Fîgure 19 Fîgure 20 Fîgure 21: Pînacoîds Fîgure 22: Teragona and Hexagona Prîsms Fîgure 23: A dome Fîgure 24: A Pyramîd Fîgure 25: Bîpyramîds Fîgure 26: A scaenoedron Fîgure 27: A Romboedron Fîgure 28: A Cube
80 80 81 81
83 83
2 4 4 4 5
6 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10
11 11 11 11 12 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16
Fîgure 29: An Ocaedron Fîgure 30: Dodecaedron Fîgure 29: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 30: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 31: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 32: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 33: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 34: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 35: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 2.1: ïonîc bondîng process Fîgure 2.2: Formaîon o covaen bonds Fîgure 2.3: he srucure o dîamond Fîgure 2.2.2 Meaîc bondîng Fîgure 2.4: Meaîc bondîng în magnesîum. Fîgure 2.5: Van Der Waas orces în Grapîe Fîgure 2.6a: he Sîîcon - Oxygen Teraedron Fîgure 2.7: Nesosîîcae srucure. Fîgure 2.8: Sorosîîcae srucure. Fîgure 2.9: Varîeîes o Cycosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.10: Srucure o Sînge caîn Fîgure 2.11: 8-Sîded square saped basa secîon o e pyroxenes Fîgure 2.12: Srucure o doube caîn ïnosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.13: 6-Sîded dîamon saped basa secîon o e Fîgure 2.14: Srucure o pyosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.15: Srucure o ecosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.16: Pars o a pase dîagram Fîgure 2.17: Readîng emperaures Fîgure 2.18: he Oîvene îsomorpîc Fîgure 2.19: Pase dîagram Fîgure 2.20: Pressure/composîîon Fîgure 2.21: Composîîon dîagram Fîgure 2.22: he pressure/emperaure Fîgure 2.23: he Pagîocase îsomorpîc serîes. Fîgure 2.24: Pase dîagram or anorîe Fîgure 2.25: Ternary dîagram Fîgure 2.26: Ternary dîagram Fîgure 2.27: Perîes.
16 Fîgure 2.28: Anî-perîes. 16 17 Tables 18 Tabe 1.1: Common axes o symmery 19 Tabe 1.2: Dîagnosîc symmery eemens 20 Tabe 2.1: Mîneras sowîng e same 21 sreak as e coour o e mînera în mass 21 Tabe 2.2: Mîneras sowîng dîferen 22 sreak rom e coour o e mînera 29 în mass 30 Tabe 2.3: Mos’s Scae o ardness and 30 e ardness o oer common objecs 30 Tabe 2.4: he esîmaed percenage 30 composîîon and crusa abundance o 31 eemens în e Ear’s crus 45 Tabe 2.5: A cassîIcaîon o mîneras 47 based on e radîca presen în e mînera 47 Tabe 2.6: Dîferences beween ampîboes 47 and pyroxenes 48 Tabe 2.7: Summary o e properîes o e sîîcaes 48 Tabe 2.8: Names and composîîons o e Oîvene îsomorpîc serîes 48
49 50 50 53 54 55 55 57 60 66 68 68 69 69 70
70
7 7
3
3
33
36
44
45
49
52
55
P R E FAC E
T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S O F C R Y S T A L L O G R A P H Y & M I N E R A L O G Y
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