THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MINERALOGY

Aretas N. Ndimofor

Description

The Fundamentals of Crystallography and Mineralogy is a pioneering textbook for high school and early geology university courses. It draws from everyday examples of items and things commonly seen in most African communities. Grounded in the Competence Based Approach, it provides the learner with an essential grasp of the concepts, models and knowledge, thus maximizing the learning experience for all students.

Sujets

• Sciences
• Science

Informations

• Publié par: Jude
• Date de parution: 02 mai 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781942876243
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MINERALOGY

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY & MINERALOGY Fîrst Edîtîon

DENVER

Śpears medIa ress c

7830 W Āàéà Āvé Śûé 03-47 évé co 806 uŚĀ ŝ ûbŝé  é ué Śàéŝ ô Āéçà b Śéàŝ méà éŝŝ c wwwŝéàŝéàçô ô@ŝéàŝéàçô ôàô ô ŝ é: wwwŝéàŝéàçôçŝàôà-éàô © Areas N. Ndîmoor 2018 A rîgs reserved.

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ïSBN: 978-1-942876-24-3 [Paperback] Aso avaîabe în ebook (Kînde)

Spears Medîa Press as no responsîbîîy or e persîsence or accuracy o urs or exerna or îrd-pary înerne websîes reerred o în îs pubîcaîon, and does no guaranee a any conen on suc websîes îs, or wî remaîn, accurae or appro- prîae.

To all Geology/Eart Scîence Teacers and Students bot present and uture.

C O N T E N T

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Chapter 1

Caper Objecîves 1.1 ïnroducîon 1.1.1 Word Hîsory 1.1.2 DeInîîon 1.1.3 he Unî Ce 1.1.4 Crysaîsaîon 1.2 he Exerna Feaures o A Crysa 1.2.1 Faces 1.2.2 Forms 1.2.3 Edges 1.2.4 Soîd anges or Nodes 1.2.5 Habî 1.2.6 ïneracîa anges 1.2.7 Zonaîon 1.3 he Eemens o Symmery 1.3.1 Cenre o symmery 1.3.2 Pane o symmery 1.3.3 Axîs o symmery 1.4 Crysaograpîc Axes and Crysaograpîc Anges 1.4.1 Crysaograpîc axes 14.1.1 Orogona Axes 1.4.1.2 Non-Orogona crysaograpîc axes 1.4.1.3 Specîa se

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Namîng o Crysaograpîc Axes 1.4.2 Crysaograpîc anges 1.5 Crysaograpîc Noaîon (ïnerceps, Parameers and ïndîces) 1.5.1 ïnerceps 1.5.2 Parameers (he Parameer sysem o Weîss) 1.5.3 ïndîces (he ïndex Sysem o Mîer or Mîer ïndîces) 1.6 Crysa Forms 1.6.1 Some common orms în e Non – ïsomerîc Sysem 1.6.2 Some common orms în e ïsomerîc sysem 1.7 CassîIcaîon o Crysas 1.7.1 CassîIcaîon îno sysems 1.7.2 CassîIcaîon îno casses 2. he Teragona Sysem 1.8 Hands-on acîvîîes or Crysaograpy Activity 1

MINERALOGY Chapter 2

Caper objecîves 2.1 ïnroducîon

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T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S O F C R Y S T A L L O G R A P H Y & M I N E R A L O G Y

2.1.1 DeInîîon 2.1.2 he Orîgîn o Mîneras and e Rock cyce 2.2 Bondîng în Mîneras 2.2.3 Van der Waas (or resîdua) bondîng 2.3 Pysîca Properîes o Mîneras 2.3.2 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng upon ceraîn senses: Tase, Odour and Fee. 2.3.3 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng on e aomîc srucure and e sae o aggregaîon (bondîng): 2.3.5 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng on ea: usîbîîy and conducîvîy. 2.3.6 Pysîca properîes or caracerîsîcs dependîng on magneîsm, eecrîcîy and radîoacîvîy. 2.4 Occurrence and CassîIcaîon o Rock Formîng Mîneras 2.4.1 Occurrence o mîneras 2.4.2 CassîIcaîon o rock ormîng mîneras 2.5 he Sîîcae Group o Mîneras 2.5.2 CassîIcaîon o Sîîcae Mîneras 2.5.3 Properîes o e sîîcaes în reaîon o eîr srucure (ïnerna aomîc arrangemen) 2.5.3.1 Pysîca Properîes 2.5.3.2 Cemîca properîes 2.5.5 Undersandîng Pase dîagrams (Temperaure/composîîon dîagrams) 2.5.6 Geîng Composîîons and Temperaures o ormaîon rom Pase Dîagrams 2.5.7 he Cemîsry o Sîîcae Mîneras 2.5.7.1 Nesoîcaes 2.5.7.3 Cycosîîcaes 2.5.7.4 ïnosîîcaes (Caîn Sîîcaes) 2.5.7.5 Pyosîîcaes (See Sîîcaes) 2.5.7.6 Tecosîîcaes (ramework sîîcaes) 2.6 Non-Sîîcae Mîneras

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2.7 Hands-on acîvîîes or Mîneraogy Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3

WEBSïTES BOOKS

Fîgures Fîgure 1: he Sodîum Corîde Unî ce Fîgure 2: ïneracîa Ange Fîgure 3: A Conac Gonîomeer Fîgure 4: Usîng e Conac Gonîomeer Fîgure 5: Zones and Zone axes Fîgure 6: Demonsraîon o aces, edges and nodes on a cube Fîgure 7: Panes o symmery on a cube ûé 8: Āéŝ ô ŝé ô à çûbé Fîgure 9: Orogona axes Fîgure 10: Non-Orogona axes Fîgure 11: Specîa Se Fîgure 12: a1, a2, a3 crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 13: a1, a2, c crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 14: a, b, c crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 15: he a-b, a-c and b-c Fîgure 16: Face 1, înercepîng e a crysaograpîc axîs Fîgure 17: A comparîson beween 2 aces, Fîgure 18: Face 4 Fîgure 19 Fîgure 20 Fîgure 21: Pînacoîds Fîgure 22: Teragona and Hexagona Prîsms Fîgure 23: A dome Fîgure 24: A Pyramîd Fîgure 25: Bîpyramîds Fîgure 26: A scaenoedron Fîgure 27: A Romboedron Fîgure 28: A Cube

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Fîgure 29: An Ocaedron Fîgure 30: Dodecaedron Fîgure 29: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 30: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 31: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 32: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 33: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 34: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 35: he crysaograpîc axes Fîgure 2.1: ïonîc bondîng process Fîgure 2.2: Formaîon o covaen bonds Fîgure 2.3: he srucure o dîamond Fîgure 2.2.2 Meaîc bondîng Fîgure 2.4: Meaîc bondîng în magnesîum. Fîgure 2.5: Van Der Waas orces în Grapîe Fîgure 2.6a: he Sîîcon - Oxygen Teraedron Fîgure 2.7: Nesosîîcae srucure. Fîgure 2.8: Sorosîîcae srucure. Fîgure 2.9: Varîeîes o Cycosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.10: Srucure o Sînge caîn Fîgure 2.11: 8-Sîded square saped basa secîon o e pyroxenes Fîgure 2.12: Srucure o doube caîn ïnosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.13: 6-Sîded dîamon saped basa secîon o e Fîgure 2.14: Srucure o pyosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.15: Srucure o ecosîîcaes. Fîgure 2.16: Pars o a pase dîagram Fîgure 2.17: Readîng emperaures Fîgure 2.18: he Oîvene îsomorpîc Fîgure 2.19: Pase dîagram Fîgure 2.20: Pressure/composîîon Fîgure 2.21: Composîîon dîagram Fîgure 2.22: he pressure/emperaure Fîgure 2.23: he Pagîocase îsomorpîc serîes. Fîgure 2.24: Pase dîagram or anorîe Fîgure 2.25: Ternary dîagram Fîgure 2.26: Ternary dîagram Fîgure 2.27: Perîes.

16 Fîgure 2.28: Anî-perîes. 16 17 Tables 18 Tabe 1.1: Common axes o symmery 19 Tabe 1.2: Dîagnosîc symmery eemens 20 Tabe 2.1: Mîneras sowîng e same 21 sreak as e coour o e mînera în mass 21 Tabe 2.2: Mîneras sowîng dîferen 22 sreak rom e coour o e mînera 29 în mass 30 Tabe 2.3: Mos’s Scae o ardness and 30 e ardness o oer common objecs 30 Tabe 2.4: he esîmaed percenage 30 composîîon and crusa abundance o 31 eemens în e Ear’s crus 45 Tabe 2.5: A cassîIcaîon o mîneras 47 based on e radîca presen în e mînera 47 Tabe 2.6: Dîferences beween ampîboes 47 and pyroxenes 48 Tabe 2.7: Summary o e properîes o e sîîcaes 48 Tabe 2.8: Names and composîîons o e Oîvene îsomorpîc serîes 48

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P R E FAC E

T H E F U N D A M E N T A L S O F C R Y S T A L L O G R A P H Y & M I N E R A L O G Y

 “he Fundamentas o Crystaograpy and  Mîneraogy” à àé àŝ béé àé ô çôvé é éŝŝéà éqûééŝ ô é “o” à “Ā” évé géôô Śàb  cŝàôà à méàô hŝ ŝ ô kéé àbéàŝ w é vàôûŝ àŝéçŝ çô- àé  é éôbzé côçé ô côééçé Bàŝé Āôàç (cBĀ) û  àçé b é mŝ ô Śéçôà Éûçàô (mnÉŚÉc) ô càéôô ôû é gééà céiçàé ô Éûçàô (gcÉ) Bôà é éôà ééàôŝ ô Śéçôà Éû- çàô à téàçé Āŝŝôçàôŝ Béŝéŝ bé ŝûàbé ô ŝéçôà à  ŝçôô ŝûéŝ é bôôk àŝô ôvéŝ ûŝéû ô iŝ éà ŝûéŝ  uvéŝéŝ à çôééŝ hé é ŝ éàçé b é éà ûŝé ô ŝôé ôçà àéàŝ ô çàiçàô é ûŝé ô ààŝ 

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é ô ô àŝ ôôàŝ àbéŝ éç àŝ- ô àçvéŝ à ŝû qûéŝôŝ ô àŝ Bôô’ŝ tàôô à é éé éà ôàŝ àé ôçàé à é é ô éàç çàé o béà ô é àûô  w ké ô àk à çôàbôàôŝ wô ŝûé é ûŝéû ûŝ à àé ŝ bôôk é àŝééçé à  ŝ

nwà cà nébà géôô téàçé gBŚ BÉo 00406