Life Histories of Etnos Theory in Russia and Beyond

David G. Anderson, Dmitry V. Arzyutov, Sergei S. Alymov

Description

The idea of etnos came into being over a hundred years ago as a way of understanding the collective identities of people with a common language and shared traditions. In the twentieth century, the concept came to be associated with Soviet state-building, and it fell sharply out of favour. Yet outside the academy, etnos-style arguments not only persist, but are a vibrant part of regional anthropological traditions.



Life Histories of Etnos Theory in Russia and Beyond makes a powerful argument for reconsidering the importance of etnos in our understanding of ethnicity and national identity across Eurasia. The collection brings to life a rich archive of previously unpublished letters, fieldnotes, and photographic collections of the theory’s early proponents. Using contemporary fieldwork and case studies, the volume shows how the ideas of these ethnographers continue to impact and shape identities in various regional theatres from Ukraine to the Russian North to the Manchurian steppes of what is now China. Through writing a life history of these collectivist concepts, the contributors to this volume unveil a world where the assumptions of liberal individualism do not hold. In doing so, they demonstrate how notions of belonging are not fleeting but persistent, multi-generational, and bio-social.





This collection is essential reading for anyone interested in Russian and Chinese area studies. It will also appeal to historians and students of anthropology and ethnography more generally.

 

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique
• National identity
• Ethnic group
• Language
• Eurasia

Informations

• Publié par: Open Book Publishers
• Date de parution: 28 février 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783745470
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

LIFE HISTORIES OF ETNOS THEORY


Life Histories of Etnos Theory in Russia and Beyond
Edited by David G. Anderson, Dmitry V. Arzyutov and Sergei S. Alymov






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© David G. Anderson, Dmitry V. Arzyutov, and Sergei S. Alymov.
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David G. Anderson, Dmitry V. Arzyutov and Sergei S. Alymov (eds.), Life Histories of Etnos Theory in Russia and Beyond. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0150
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Cover image: S. M. Shirokogoroff, Psychomental Complex of the Tungus (London: Kegan Paul, 1935), p. 36. Cover design: Corin Throsby.
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Contents
Notes on Transliteration and Place Names
ix
Notes on Referencing Archival and Museum Collections
xi
Contributors
xiii
Acknowledgments
xvii
1.
Grounding Etnos Theory: An Introduction
1
David G. Anderson, Sergei S. Alymov and Dmitry V. Arzyutov
Defining Etnos
2
Empires, Scientific Traditions, and Etnos
7
Life Histories, and Field Histories, of Etnos Thinking
10
Etnos and Contemporary Identity Movements
15
2.
Etnos Thinking in the Long Twentieth Century
21
Sergei S. Alymov, David G. Anderson and Dmitry V. Arzyutov
What’s in a Term?: The Etnos Term and the Institutionalization of Ethnography in Russia
23
Etnos and Biosocial Science in Russia
34
Etnos and Soviet Marxism
37
Etnos in the Long Twentieth Century and Beyond
55
3.
Ukrainian Roots of the Theory of Etnos
77
Sergei S. Alymov
St Petersburg Anthropology before Volkov
80
The Ukrainian National Movement and the Definition of Nationality
84
Volkov and the Politics of Ukrainian Identity in the Russian Empire
89
The Ukrainian People in the Past and Present as a Joint Project of the Russian and Ukrainian Liberal Intelligentsia
94
Etnos , the St Petersburg Paleoethnological School, and the Teaching of Ethnography
100
Museum, Fieldwork, and Etnos : the Role of Ethnographic Exhibits
108
Physical Anthropology and Etnos : Dmitriĭ Anuchin Challenges Volkov’s Ukrainian “Anthropological Type”
117
Mogili ͡ anskiĭ in Exile: Political Activism and Teaching
122
The Legacy of Volkov in the USSR and Ukraine
132
Conclusion
136
4.
Mapping Etnos : The Geographic Imagination of Fёdor Volkov and his Students
145
Sergei S. Alymov and Svetlana V. Podrezova
Map, Archive, Museum: The Sources and Methods of the Commission’s Work
147
Ethnographic Map-Making
147
Language: Creating a Dialectological Map
148
Museum Activities as a Platform for the Commission’s Work
150
Organization, Methods, and Results of the KSEK Commission’s Work
152
From Questionnaire to Monograph: A Model for Describing an Etnos
166
David Alekseevich Zolotarëv (1885–1935)
168
Dmitriĭ Konstantinovich Zelenin (1878–1954)
172
Sergeĭ Ivanovich Rudenko (1885–1969)
175
The “Working-Through”
183
Conclusion
190
5.
Notes from His “Snail’s Shell”: Shirokogoroff’s Fieldwork and the Groundwork for Etnos Thinking
203
David G. Anderson
Etnos Theory… Unwound
206
The Mystery of the Missing Tunguses: the 1912 Zabaĭkal Expedition
208
A Curious Guest at the Wedding: The 1913 Zabaĭkal Expedition
223
Conclusion: “Equilibria”, “Valence”, and the Snail Metaphor
234
Appendix 1: Archeography
240
6.
Order out of Chaos: Anthropology and Politics of Sergei M. Shirokogoroff
249
Dmitry V. Arzyutov
Ethnographer, Politician, Shaman
250
Vol’sk and I ͡ Ur’ev: Political Life in the Provinces
253
Paris: on the “Degeneration” of Political Parties
256
Between Petrograd and the Far East
259
Shirokogoroff in Vladivostok: A Lecturer and a Politician
267
The Chinese Years: In the Shadow of Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany
274
Order out of Chaos
281
7.
Chasing Shadows: Sharing Photographs from Former Northwest Manchuria
293
Jocelyne Dudding
The Field Photography of Sergei and Elizaveta Shirokogoroff
297
The Field Photography of Ethel Lindgren and Oscar Mamen
309
Evolving Museology
320
Affection for and Recognition of Northwest Manchuria in the Twenty-First Century
322
Conclusion
340
8.
“The Sea is Our Field”: Pomor Identity in Russian Ethnography
349
Masha Shaw and Natalie Wahnsiedler
Pomor Landscapes and the History of Slavic Ethnography
351
Material Culture
353
Northern Russian folklore and Pomor’ska govori ͡ a
361
Pomor Distinctiveness in a Pan-Slavic Frame
364
Pomors as Subetnos
365
Local Ideas
367
Theories of Pomor Origin
369
Recent Pomor Identity Movements
372
A Museified Approach to Culture
372
Pomor crosses
376
Indigeneity Claims
377
Conclusion
382
9.
Epilogue: Why Etnos (Still) Matters
389
Nathaniel Knight
List of Illustrations
403
Index
413


Notes on Transliteration and Place Names
This volume references texts published in a number of languages, and often the names of the cities where those works were printed were changed. Throughout the text, we have transliterated Russian and Ukrainian Cyrillic text using the Library of Congress system complete with diacritics. Chinese names have for the most part been transliterated using the Hanyu Pinyin system. We refer to cities as they were known during the exact year that is under discussion in that section or paragraph. In the first instance, we put the modern name of the city in square brackets. Thus, St Petersburg — Petrograd — Leningrad — St Petersburg I ͡ Ur’ev — Tartu Beiping [Peiping] — Běijīng Amoy — Xiàmén Canton — Gu ǎ ngzhōu
We have used the same Library of Congress transliteration standard for both Russian language categories and the surnames of Russian language authors with two exceptions. The key term of this book этнос is properly transliterated as ėtnos . Given the density of reference to the term, and the fact that the term is widely mentioned in European languages, we have transliterated it in the text as etnos , although it remains correctly transliterated in the reference lists. The surname of Sergei Shirokogorov is most widely known by his French-inflected transliteration ‘Shirokogoroff’ and we use that version in the text. The other published variants of his surname are Shirokogorov (Широкогоров), Chirokogoroff, Śirokogorov, Sh ǐ lù guó ( 史禄国 ), Shokogorov ( シロコゴロフ ). These versions can all be