Making Globalization Work for Women , livre ebook

SUNY Series, Praxis: Theory in Action

Nancy A. Naples, editor

MAKING GLOBALIZATION WORK FOR WOMEN
The Role of Social Rights and Trade Union Leadership
E DITED BY
VALENTINE M. MOGHADAM
SUZANNE FRANZWAY
MARY MARGARET FONOW
S TATE U NIVERSITY OF N EW Y ORK P RESS

Published by S TATE U NIVERSITY OF N EW Y ORK P RESS , A LBANY
© 2011 State University of New York
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Making globalization work for women : the role of social rights and trade union leadership / edited by Valentine M. Moghadam, Suzanne Franzway, and Mary Margaret Fonow.
p. cm. — (SUNY series, praxis: theory in action)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4384-3960-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-4384-3961-7 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Women's rights. 2. Women in the labor movement. 3. Globalization. 4. Feminism.
I. Moghadam, Valentine M., 1952– II. Franzway, Suzanne. III. Fonow, Mary Margaret, 1949–
HQ1236.M3427 2011
331.87082—dc22                                                                                              2011007664
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

FIGURES AND TABLES

FIGURES Figure 7.1. Structure of the International Labour Organization. Figure 7.2. Women Delegates at the International Labour Conference (%). Figure 7.3. Women Delegates at the International Labour Conference, 2000–2009 (%) Figure 9.1. PSI Executive Board Titular Members before and after 2002 Congress. Figure 9.2. Presidents and General Secretaries of PSI Affiliates. Figure 9.3. Participation in PSI Education Programs by Gender. Figure 12.1. Employment and Share Earning over R1500 per Month by Broad Sector and Gender, 2005. Figure 12.2. Employment by Gender and Occupation, 2005. Figure 12.3. Employment Density by Gender and Industry, 2005. Figure 12.4. Time Spent on Home Work and Childcare by Gender and Employment Status, 2000. Figure 12.5. Participation in Union Meetings, Elections, and Educational Programs by Gender, 2005. Figure 12.6. Participation in Other Organizations by Gender and Race, 2005. Figure 12.7. Reasons Given for Low Levels of Women in Union Leadership by Gender and Age, 2005. Figure 12.8. What Workers Want from the Employer, 2005. Figure 12.9. Perceptions of Discrimination in the Workplace by Gender, 2005.

TABLES Table 1.1. Summary of Civil, Political, and Social Rights of Citizenship Table 2.1. Balance Sheet of Globalization Table 2.1. International Conventions on Women's Social/Economic Rights, Year of Ratification, Selected MENA Countries Table 4.1. Women's Presence in the Different Sectors and within Unions Table 4.2. Men and Women on Union Boards, 2001 Table 4.3. Women and the UGTT Congress in 2002 Table 4.4. Women in Decision Making Within the Unions' Intermediary and Higher-level Structures (2002–2006) Table 4.5. Women's Representation Within Intermediary Structures, 2002 Table 4.6. Representation of Women Within Local Federations in Different Sectors With a High Number of Women (2005–2006) Table 8.1. Women and Men by Occupation Table 8.2. Membership of 10 Largest U.K. Unions, 2003 Table 8.3. Women General Secretaries Table 8.4. Women as Percent of National Executive Committee Members Table 8.5. Women as Percent of TUC Delegation Table 8.6. Women as Percent of National Full-Time Officers Table 8.7. Women as Percent of Regional Full-Time Officers Table 8.8. Women as Percent of Branch Officials and Workplace Representatives, 2003 Table 12.1. Women Leadership in Large COSATU Affiliates, 2005 Table 12.2. Pay, Benefits, and Conditions for Women and Men Workers, 2005 Table 12.3. Perception of Influence Over Shop Stewards and Response to Efforts to Contact a Union by Gender, 2005

PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book originates in the common interests of the three editors, and a shared concern that academic and policy discussions of women's economic participation and rights under conditions of globalization needed to be revived. Val Moghadam, Mary Margaret Fonow, and Suzanne Franzway met for a panel discussion in 2004, and discussed the importance of dialogues between feminist academics and feminist trade unionists around women's work conditions, labor legislation, the strengthening of social and economic rights, and the role of female trade union leaders in advocacy for women's economic citizenship. In 2006 we met again in Nantes, France, where Val Moghadam organized a workshop on women, social rights, and trade union leadership co-organized by UNESCO and the French trade union Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC). By that time we were involved in an international research and policy network that Val formed while working for UNESCO; all but three of the papers in this volume were commissioned at that time.
We are grateful to all the contributors for their thoughtful and engaged chapters, which address critical issues, provide sophisticated analyses, and offer important recommendations. We also extend our thanks to Larin McLaughlin, senior editor at SUNY Press, who was supportive of the book project from the outset. Val would like to thank Alice de Roffignac, her intern at UNESCO, who did background research on trade unions and international labor legislation and put Val in contact with the CFTC when the Nantes workshop was being conceived. (It was a source of pride to Val that Alice obtained a job with the CFTC after her internship.) A special thank you is reserved for Megan Kee, who was a dean's scholar at Purdue University assigned to work with Val during the spring 2009 semester. She became an indispensable research and editing assistant and continued working with Val on the book project long after her assignment officially came to an end. Mary Margaret would especially like to thank her incredibly talented research assistants at Arizona State University, Corie Hardy, Debjani Chakravarty, and Eva Lester. She also is grateful for the research support she received from Linda Lederman, dean of social sciences at Arizona State University and from her assistant Jane Little. Suzanne would like to thank her colleagues at the Research Centre for Gender Studies at the University of South Australia, her research assistant Valerie Adams, and union feminists and scholars, Kathie Muir (University of Adelaide) Sandra Dann (Working Women's Centre), and Janet Giles (SAUnions).

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS
AFTURD l'Association des Femmes Tunisiennes pour le Recherche et Dévéloppement AMMAR Asociación de Meretrices de la Argentina [Argentine Association of Prostitutes] ANC African National Congress (South Africa) ATE Association of State Workers (Argentina) ATFD l'Association Tunisienne des Femmes Démocrates, also referred to as the Femmes Démocrates CAWTAR Center for Arab Women Training and Research CDWU Coalition of Domestic Workers Unions (Hong Kong) CEC Central Executive Committee of COSATU CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (United Nations) centres d'écoutes Lit., listening centers; North African counseling centers or shelters for women CEPAL Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (also ECLAC) (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) CFTC Conféderation française des travailleurs Chrétiens CGT General Confederation of Workers (Argentina) COSATU Congress of South African Trade Unions CTA The Congress of Argentine Workers DENOSA Democratic Nursing Organisation of South Africa dunams Unit of area used by Palestinians in Israel (1,000 square meters or 10,764 sq ft) ENDA Environment and Development Action in the Third World (an international NGO) EPZ Export Processing Zone ETUC European Trade Union Confederation GEM Gender Empowerment Measure (used in UNDP's Human Development Report ) goyo kumiai A Japanese term (with a negative connotation) for unionism-literally, a union at his majesty's (or management's) service. GUF Global Union Federation HDR Human Development Report (UNDP) ICESCR International Covenant on Social, Economic, and Cultural Rights (UN) ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade Unions IGTN International Gender and Trade Network ILO International Labour Organization (UN agency) IMF International Metalworkers Federation IOM International Organization for Migration ITUC International Trade Union Confederation (formerly ICFTU) KAD Women Workers' Union in Denmark ( Kvindeligt Arbejderforbund i Danmark) khul A form of divorce a wife can seek without her husband's consent (Egypt) Knesset The legislative branch of the Israeli governme