Multiple Identities

Description

Fashioning identity in multicultural societies

In recent years, Europeans have engaged in sharp debates about migrants and minority groups as social problems. The discussions usually neglect who these people are, how they live their lives, and how they identify themselves. Multiple Identities describes how migrants and minorities of all age groups experience their lives and manage complex, often multiple, identities, which alter with time and changing circumstances. The contributors consider minorities who have received a lot of attention, such as Turkish Germans, and some who have received little, such as Kashubians and Tartars in Poland and Chinese in Switzerland. They also examine international adoption and cross-cultural relationships and discuss some models for multicultural success.

Acknowledgments
Part 1. Orientations
1. Many Multiplicities: Identity in an Age of Movement \ Paul Spickard, University of California, Santa Barbara
2. Ethnic Identities and Transnational Subjectivities \ Anna Rastas, University of Tampere
Part 2. The Complexities of Identities
3. Between Difference and Assimilation: Young Women with South and Southeast Asian Family Background Living in Finland \ Saara Pellander, University of Helsinki
4. Doing Belonging: Young Women of Middle Eastern Backgrounds in Sweden \ Serine Gunnarsson, Uppsala University
5. To Be or Not to Be a Minority Group? Identity Dilemmas of Kashubians and Polish Tatars \ Katarzyna Warmińska, Cracow University of Economics
6. "When You Look Chinese, You Have to Speak Chinese": Highly Skilled Chinese Migrants in Switzerland and the Promotion of a Shared Language \ Marylène Lieber and Florence Lévy, Neuchatel University
Part 3. Family Matters
7. Intercountry Adoption: Color-b(l)inding the Issues \ Saija Westerlund-Cook
8. The Children of Immigrants in Italy: A New Generation of Italians? \ Enzo Colombo and Paola Rebughini, University of Milan
9. Possible Love: New Cross-cultural Couples in Italy \ Gaia Peruzzi, Sapienza University of Rome
Part 4. Modes of Multicultural Success?
10. Divided Identities: Listening to and Interpreting the Stories of Polish Immigrants in West Germany \ Mira Foster, University of California, Santa Barbara
11. The Politics of Multiple Identities in Kazakhstan: Current Issues and New Challenges \ Karina Mukazhanova, Karaganda State University and University of Oregon
12. Chinese Americans, Turkish Germans: Parallels in Two Racial Systems \ Paul Spickard, University of California, Santa Barbara
Bibliography
Contributors
Index

Sujets

• Political Ideologies
• Social Science
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Emigration
• Nationalism
• Cultural Studies
• Migration
• Discrimination
• Immigration

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 12 avril 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253008114
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Multiple Identities
MULTIPLE IDENTITIES
MIGRANTS, ETHNICITY, AND MEMBERSHIP
EDITED BY PAUL SPICKARD
INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Bloomington Indianapolis
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2013 by Indiana University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Multiple identities : migrants, ethnicity, and membership / edited by Paul Spickard.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-253-00804-6 (cloth : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-253-00807-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-253-00811-4 (electronic book) 1. Group identity - Europe - Case studies. 2. Immigrants - Europe - Case studies. 3. Minorities - Europe - Case studies. I. Spickard, Paul R., [date]
HN 373.5. M 85 2013
305.80094 - dc23
2012046667
1 2 3 4 5 18 17 16 15 14 13
FOR JIM AND JEAN MORISHIMA
Contents
Acknowledgments
PART 1. ORIENTATIONS
1. Many Multiplicities: Identity in an Age of Movement Paul Spickard, University of California, Santa Barbara
2. Ethnic Identities and Transnational Subjectivities Anna Rastas, University of Tampere
PART 2. THE COMPLEXITIES OF IDENTITIES
3. Between Difference and Assimilation: Young Women with South and Southeast Asian Family Background Living in Finland Saara Pellander, University of Helsinki
4. Doing Belonging: Young Women of Middle Eastern Backgrounds in Sweden Serine Gunnarsson, Uppsala University
5. To Be or Not to Be a Minority Group? Identity Dilemmas of Kashubians and Polish Tatars Katarzyna Warmi ska, Cracow University of Economics
6. When You Look Chinese, You Have to Speak Chinese : Highly Skilled Chinese Migrants in Switzerland and the Promotion of a Shared Language Maryl ne Lieber, University of Geneva, and Florence L vy, Neuchatel University
PART 3. FAMILY MATTERS
7. Intercountry Adoption: Color-b(1)inding the Issues Saija Westerlund-Cook
8. The Children of Immigrants in Italy: A New Generation of Italians? Enzo Colombo and Paola Rebughini, University of Milan
9. Possible Love: New Cross-cultural Couples in Italy Gaia Peruzzi, Sapienza University of Rome
PART 4. MODES OF MULTICULTURAL SUCCESS?
10. Divided Identities: Listening to and Interpreting the Stories of Polish Immigrants in West Germany Mira Foster, University of California, Santa Barbara
11. The Politics of Multiple Identities in Kazakhstan: Current Issues and New Challenges Karina Mukazhanova, Karaganda State University and University of Oregon
12. Chinese Americans, Turkish Germans: Parallels in Two Racial Systems Paul Spickard, University of California, Santa Barbara
Bibliography
Contributors
Index
Acknowledgments
First thanks are due to the authors of the various chapters that follow, for the excellence of their work, their patience as I have done the editing, and their suggestions for my chapters and the shape of the volume. Several of the chapters originated as contributions to a conference, Generations in Flux, sponsored by the Finnish Society for the Study of Ethnic Relations and International Migration and the Finnish Youth Research Society, held at the University of Helsinki in October 2008. Heidi Villikka was the organizer of the conference. Viggo Vestel, Anna Martinez, Maia Nukari, Perpetual Crentsil, and Tiina Likki all took part with us in that conference and shared many good ideas.
At the time of that conference, I was teaching and doing research at the Westf lische Wilhelms-Universit t M nster, in Germany. I am grateful to several people there who helped make this project successful, among them Marie-Theres Brands-Schwabe, who gave generous academic support, insight, and unfailing good humor; Carmen Fleischmann, who helped me with living arrangements; Judith Prinz and Lisa Schwabe, who were kind and efficient research assistants; and Mark Stein, who, as director of the Englisches Seminar, was my host and a genial intellectual companion. Special thanks go to Maria Diedrich for making it possible for me to be in Germany and for giving me a constant example of what a professor and colleague should be. She, as founding president, and our many smart and generous colleagues in the Collegium for African American Research started me down the road toward this project some fifteen years ago, for which inspiration I am grateful. I am also grateful to the Deutsche-Amerikanische Fulbright Kommission for financial support during my time in Germany.
Compiling and editing were largely accomplished at my home institution, the University of California, Santa Barbara. I am grateful for a timely sabbatical and an especially salubrious work environment in the UCSB History Department, as well as to colleagues in the university s three ethnic studies departments. Ken Hough gave unstintingly of his time and intelligence as a research assistant. UCSB s Identities Research Group and its leader, Cynthia Kaplan, encouraged my work on this subject and listened courteously to my ideas. Several UCSB history colleagues shared ideas and books with me, among them Harold Marcuse, John Lee, Adrienne Edgar, and Beth DePalma Digeser.
It will surprise no one who has worked with Bob Sloan at Indiana University Press that he was a model editor from start to finish: knowledgeable, incisive, enthusiastic, and patient; Bob, Angela Burton, Mary Lou Bertucci, and their colleagues made bringing this book into being an unusual pleasure. Jim Spickard, now as on several earlier projects, gave me ideas for avenues of research to chase down. Tuomas Martikainen sent frequent emails filled with leads. Taoufik Djebali and Patrick Miller have made innumerable contributions to my thinking about matters of race, ethnicity, migration, and membership, in Europe and elsewhere, over many years. Anna Martinez has served nearly all the functions listed above and, in addition, gave me all the other things that my life once lacked.
PART ONE
Orientations
ONE
Many Multiplicities: Identity in an Age of Movement
PAUL SPICKARD
The face of europe is changing. People who are not supposed to be there are there in abundance. Each nation of Europe has its own story, but each imagines itself as a naturally ethnically homogeneous place. Yet each contains large numbers of people who do not fit that ethnic self-definition. Some are migrants (see Table 1.1), some domestic minorities of long standing. Despite the fond wishes of some members of the dominant ethnic group in each country, the migrants are not going back where they came from. In many cases, they are already two or three generations resident in their European host country. The degree to which they have succeeded in making places for themselves in their host societies - and, conversely, the amount of discrimination they experience - varies widely.
Over the past several years, the peoples of most European nations and their leaders have engaged in sharp debates about migrants, less so about domestic minorities. Such discussions have focused on migrants as social problems, as people with deficits that need to be measured and remediated, and, all too often, as people who ought to go away. The discussions have in most cases missed who the migrants and minorities are, how they live their lives, and what the content of their identities may be. Simply put, policy makers and the educated public in Europe need to know more about migrants and minorities, how they conceive of themselves, and how they actually live their lives.
The scholars who wrote this book are all students of the lived experiences of migrants and minorities in Europe. It turns out that migrants and minority group members have complex identities, often multiple identities at one time, and that those identities shift and change over the course of time and changing circumstance. This book is about how those migrants and minorities experience their lives and manage their multiple identities. It addresses the situations of migrants and minorities in some powerful European nations like Germany and the United Kingdom and also in Finland, Sweden, Poland, Italy, Switzerland, and Kazakhstan. It looks at minorities who have received a lot of attention, like Turkish Germans, and also at some who have received little notice, such as Kashubians and Tatars in Poland and Chinese in Switzerland. It explores the lives and social locations of children, young adults, and mature people. It examines international adoption and cross-cultural love. Finally, it describes a few situations that may provide models for multicultural success.
MIGRANTS AND MINORITIES: A PROBLEM FOR EUROPEANS
Every modern European nation is founded on an idea of ethnic homogeneity that is thought to reach deep into its past. The idea can be summed easily in this equation:
One Nation = One Ethnic Group
= One Religion
= One Language
= One Territory
= One Government
This is the way it is supposed to be. For most Europeans, as for scholars who study nationalism, it is taken for granted that each nation is founded on a single ethnic group - a specific people from a specific place, with a shared history, language, and ancestry. 1 For many such people, like the Czech philosopher Ernest Gellner, multi