The Transformation of Capacity in International Development

Avideh K. Mayville

Description

Transformation of capacity building as a concept of practice within development

"The Transformation of Capacity in International Development" exposes the transformation of capacity within the development discourse through a discursive analysis of USAID projects in Afghanistan and Pakistan between 1977 and 2017. As development agendas increasingly call for human rights approaches to development and the foreign policies of donor states sound alarms over global security threats, capacity development has emerged as the solution to the complex problem of development. Through this examination of USAID’s attempts to build capacity in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the book exposes how Western notions of progress, constructed by institutions, government offcials, scholars and private sector actors, are obscured by the transformation of capacity. As agendas are translated into projects, they perpetuate historical relationships of global inequality that have corrupted and compete with indigenous models of governance. The Transformation of Capacity in International Development has implications for those considering the future of human rights–based approaches to development, the international management of global security threats and the sustainability of donor investments.

Acknowledgements; List of Figures; 1. Introduction; 2. Development Agendas and Donor Spaces: How Capacity Gained Salience; 3. Capacity in Development Policy and Practice: The Quest for Performance Excellence in the Governance of Disabling Environments; 4. Capacity and Fragility: The Sociological Framework for the Capacity Project and Developing “Fragile” States; 5. The Capacity Project in “Afpak”: Development Experiments, Subnational Spaces and Transnational Networks; 6. The Battle for Power in Disabling Environments: Statecraft and Developing Capacity in Afghanistan and Pakistan; 7. Developing Capacity to Manage Global Threats: Statemaking, the Militarizing of Development, and Human Rights Approaches; References; Index.

Sujets

• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Sociology
• General officer
• Social sciences
• Human rights
• General

Informations

• Publié par: Anthem Press
• Date de parution: 30 novembre 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781785271571
• Langue: English

Extrait

The Transformation of Capacity in International Development
The Transformation of Capacity in International Development
Afghanistan and Pakistan (1977–2017)
Avideh K. Mayville
Anthem Press
An imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company
www.anthempress.com
This edition first published in UK and USA 2020
by ANTHEM PRESS
75–76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA, UK
or PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK
and
244 Madison Ave #116, New York, NY 10016, USA
Copyright © Avideh K. Mayville 2020
The author asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952769
ISBN-13: 978-1-78527-155-7 (Hbk)
ISBN-10: 1-78527-155-5 (Hbk)
This title is also available as an e-book.
This book is dedicated to my parents, who devoted their lives to making my dreams possible and for allowing me to think that getting a PhD was a normal thing to do. I would never have achieved anything in life if it were not for your love, support, encouragement, and belief in my abilities. I have been so lucky to have you both. This is your accomplishment.
CONTENTS
List of Figures
Acknowledgments
Chapter One Introduction
Introduction
USAID Vaccination Campaign or CIA Plot?
Case Background
Methodology
Overview of Chapters
Impact and Conclusion
Chapter Two Development Agendas and Donor Spaces: How Capacity Gained Salience
Modernization and the Birth of Development: Security, Human Rights, and the Discursive Emergence of Capacity
Expertise and the Tensions of Development Knowledge Production
Traditional Donor Systems and the Development Space
The Globalization of the Donor Architecture and the Salient Obscurity of Capacity
Summary and Conclusion
Chapter Three Capacity in Development Policy and Practice: The Quest for Performance Excellence in the Governance of Disabling Environments
Capacity: Basic Definitions and Attributes
Sites of Capacity Development
Contexts and the Tensions between Processes and Ownership
USAID Frameworks and Methodologies on Capacity
Summary and Conclusion
Chapter Four Capacity and Fragility: The Sociological Framework for the Capacity Project and Developing “Fragile” States
Themes of Capacity: State Power, Community, and Social Capital
Fragility and the Role of the State, in Theory and in Practice
USAID and Counterinsurgency Operations in Fragile States
Capacity: The Remedy for Fragility
Taking a HRBA? Counterinsurgency and USAID’s Approach to Fragility
Summary and Conclusion
Chapter Five The Capacity Project in “AfPak”: Development Experiments, Subnational Spaces, and Transnational Networks
Territorial Vagabonds and the System of States
Battle for Hegemony: The Early Decades of Development (1950–1980)
Donors or Invaders? Development Under Occupation and the Architecture of Civilian–Military Development
Transnational Networks of Resistance and Building Local Capacity
Network Transformation During the 1990s
The Globalization of Transnational Networks Post-9/11
Summary and Conclusion: The Problem of Existing Networks and State Capacity
Chapter Six The Battle for Power in Disabling Environments: Statecraft and Developing Capacity in Afghanistan and Pakistan
Donor Statecraft and State Planning Schemes: Building Social Capital in Disabling Environments
Statecraft in Practice: USAID and the Donor Community in Afghanistan and Pakistan
Provision of Services
Facilitating Trade and Economic Opportunity
Security and Rule of Law
Political Processes and Institutions
Human Rights Approaches within Statecraft
Conclusion
Chapter Seven Developing Capacity to Manage Global Threats: Statemaking, the Militarization of Development, and Human Rights Approaches
The Transformation of Capacity in Donor Spaces
Relationships of Development: Capital, Autonomy, and Recipient Ownership
Recipient State Networks and the Scale of Donor Operation
Responding to Transnational Militancy: Crafting the State and Militarizing Development
Considering Human Rights and Security in Development: Recommendations and Next Steps for Scholars and Practitioners
References
Index
FIGURES
2.1 Spaces and Actors of Knowledge Production on Development
2.2 Donor Systems in the Development Space
2.3 OECD/DAC Member States
2.4 Discursive Phases of Development Concepts
2.5 Primary Areas of Donor Collaboration
3.1 Definitions of Capacity, Capacity Building, and Capacity Development
3.2 Capacity Requirements for Emerging Market Economies
3.3 Factors of Performance
3.4 HICD Model (Expanded)
3.5 HICD Model (Condensed)
3.6 USAID HICD Framework: Capacity Development as Performance Management
5.1 Afghanistan Boundary Transformation and Conflict Map (1849–Present)
5.2 Ethnic Population Distribution Map of Afghanistan and Pakistan
5.3 Pashtun Tribal Population Map
5.4 Post-9/11 Development–Security Nexus
5.5 PRT Models
5.6 Leaders of the “Peshawar Seven”
5.7 Cold War Transnational Networks of Resistance
5.8 Sources of the Taliban Network
5.9 Post-9/11 Networks of Resistance
5.10 Major Transnational Insurgent Networks in Pakistan
6.1 Web of Donor Statecraft
6.2 Statecraft: Developing State Infrastructure
6.3 Statecraft and Capacity Development of the Enabling Environment
7.1 Phases of Capacity Transformation
7.2 Spaces and Scales of Operation
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am truly lucky to have had so many great mentors, teachers, and fundamentally incredible humans inspiring me to commit my life to learning, scholarship, and service. I would like to thank some of them here.
From preschool to college: Ms. Peggy Sanford, Ms. Lane, Mrs. Torpy, Mrs. Kerri Cook, Ms. Allison Bailey, Mrs. Linda Holloway, Mr. Seth DeRose, and Mrs. Christy Edgar. You have devoted your lives not only to your subjects but also to the potential and mess of unfiltered youth. Thank you for being the first teachers who made a difference in my life.
To the faculty at St. Mary’s College of Maryland—a truly magical place of undergraduate learning by the river. Dr. Michael J. G. Cain, thank you for being my first real mentor, encouraging my curiosity, making me feel like my questions mattered, and for not letting me get away with surface-level answers. Dr. Dustin Howes—may you rest in peace. You brought a passion into the classroom, a creativity toward your discipline, and a commitment toward your students that I seek to emulate in my own career. Dr. Sahar Shafqat—for demonstrating the importance of activism as a scholar. Dr. Kate Norlock—the funniest philosopher I have ever met. Dr. Iris Ford—it is ironic that my first introduction to sociology was from an anthropologist!
Thank you to the IPCR faculty in the School of International Service at American University (AU) who have dedicated their lives to peace. Dr. Abdul Aziz Said—the legend who has inspired generations, myself included—your wisdom made the pursuit of knowledge mystical. Dr. Anthony Wanis St. John, who stepped in near the end of my time at AU and became an unexpected mentor as I raced to finish my thesis.
Thank you to my doctoral committee who were instrumental in the development of this project. Dr. Agnieszka Paczynscka and Dr. Lester Kurtz—your feedback has been critical in making my work stronger. Dr. John G. Dale: you are the model of mentor, teacher, researcher, critic, scholar, practitioner, leader, colleague, facilitator, mediator, and friend that I will forever strive to emulate in my life and career. I have no idea how you do it all. Thank you for investing your time in me as I’ve found my voice as a scholar. I will be forever grateful for your insight and guidance, particularly as I navigated a complex topic during a trying time in my life.
My ACP family—who bore witness my early mornings and cheered me on throughout the trials and turmoil involved in the construction of this beast.
Thank you also to Dr. Mark Frezzo, the editor of this series, for being a true colleague in helping me to navigate the book publishing world. Your guidance has been invaluable and the future of young scholars (and of scholarship) depends on the mentorship of those who have walked the path before us. I also thank the reviewers who provided feedback on this manuscript before publication.
Finally, I think it is important to acknowledge the artists of sound whose rhymes and melodies fueled me through many days of reading, writing, coding, note taking, figure drawing, head wringing, and exasperated dance breaks: Oddisee, Jamiroquai, Basement Jaxx, Daft Punk, Grace Jones, Gil Heron, Hiromi, Lloyd Miller, Breakbot, Flight Facilities, Flamingosis, Nightmares on Wax, and countless others.
Chapter One
INTRODUCTION