With reportedly over USD50 billion lost annually through graft and illicit practices, combating corruption in Africa has been challenging. However, laws and policies at the continental, regional and national levels have been promulgated and enacted by African leaders. These initiatives have included the establishment of anti-corruption agencies mandated to tackle graft at national level, as well as coordinate bodies at regional and continental levels to ensure the harmonisation of normative standards and the adoption of best practices in the fight against corruption. Yet, given the disparity between the apparent impunity enjoyed by public servants and the anti-corruption rhetoric of governments in the region, the effectiveness of these agencies is viewed with scepticism. This continent-wide study of anti-corruption agencies aims to gauge their relevance and effectiveness by assessing their independence, mandate, available resources, national ownership, capacities and strategic positioning. These surveys include evidence-based recommendations calling for stronger, more relevant and effective institutions that are directly aligned to regional and continental anti-corruption frameworks, such as the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AUCPCC), which the three countries in this current report � Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda � have all ratified.
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Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies in East Africa Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda
A review by AfriMAP
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Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies in East Africa
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda
A review by AfriMAP
December 2015
Pubîshed by Arîcan Mînds on beha o Open Socîety Foundatîons 224 West 57th Street New York, NY 10019 www.opensocîetyoundatîons.org
Copîes o thîs book are avaîabe or ree downoad at www.arîcanmînds.org.za
ORDERS To order prînted copîes rom Arîca, pease contact: Arîcan Mînds Emaî: îno@arîcanmînds.org.za To order prînted copîes rom outsîde Arîca, pease contact: Arîcan Books Coectîve PO Box 721, Oxord OX1 9EN, UK Emaî: orders@arîcanbookscoectîve.com
Contents
Preface Methodoogy About the contrîbutors Acknowedgements
1 Overview A. Executîve summary B. State o corruptîon C. Cîvî socîety, donors and medîa engagement D. Commîtment to înternatîona conventîons on corruptîon E. Lega rameworks or preventîng and combatîng corruptîon F. Antî-corruptîon agencîes G. Concusîon
2 Kenya A. Executîve summary B. Introductîon C. State o corruptîon D. Cîvî socîety, donors and medîa engagement E. Commîtment to înternatîona conventîons on corruptîon F. Lega ramework or preventîng and combatîng corruptîon G. Ethîcs and Antî-Corruptîon Commîssîon H. The EACC’s perormance I. Concusîon J. Recommendatîons
3 Tanzania A. Executîve summary B. Introductîon C. State o corruptîon D. Cîvî socîety, donors and medîa engagement E. Commîtment to înternatîona conventîons on corruptîon F. Lega ramework or preventîng and combatîng corruptîon G. Preventîon and combatîng o corruptîon bureau H. The PCCB’s perormance
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7 7 9 9 14 15 17 20 41 43 44
48 48 49 50 53 54 56 57 69
CONTENTSiii
I. Concusîon J. Recommendatîons
4 Uganda A. Executîve summary B. Introductîon C. State o corruptîon D. Cîvî socîety, donors and medîa engagement E. Commîtment to înternatîona conventîons F. Lega ramework or preventîng and combatîng corruptîon G. The Inspectorate o Government H. The IG’s perormance I. Concusîon J. Recommendatîons
ivOF ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES IN EAST AFRICA EFFECTIVENESS