Kenya's 2013 General Election

Description

When voters enthusiastically turn up to cast their vote during general elections, they expect that their action would meaningfully change their lives. But in most of Africa, even when elections are held on a regular basis, voters are quite often disappointed by the performance of their leaders who use the new positions as an opportunity to loot public resources and consolidate power. It is almost as if elections are of minimal value to the populace. Notwithstanding this trend, when they are free and fair, general elections can be transformative. They can bring into the political arena men and women of integrity committed to service and account-ability. Inspired by the determination to have inclusive governance and the advancement of democracy, Kenya's 2013 General Election: Stakes, Practices and Outcomes asks important questions related to political participation, coalition building, politics of identity, the international criminal court, electoral systems and institutions, and the judiciary. The papers are written by mainly Kenyan academics and civil society actors who examine the drivers of the 20?3 general elections and the sources of the mandate to lead.This book is part of publications by Twaweza Communications on democratic practice and accountable governance in Kenya.

Sujets

• Politics Magazine
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• Political Process

Informations

• Publié par: Twaweza Communications
• Date de parution: 29 décembre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9789966028723
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 42 Mo

Extrait

Kenya’s 20∂3
general election
00_KE_prelude_RZ_2017.indd 1 05.08.17 12:59Publisher:
Twaweza Communications Ltd.
P.O. Box 66872 – 00800 Westlands
Twaweza House, Parklands Road
Mpesi Lane, Nairobi Kenya
www.twawezacommunications.org
Editorial office: Catherine Bosire
Design: Estúdio Chocolate, Angola
Cover photography: Boniface Mwangi
Printed: Dr. Cantz’sche Druckerei,
Germany
© 20∂5 Twaweza Communications.
ISBN 978-9966-028-56-3
Copyright /Permission:
The material in this publication is
copyrighted. The editors and the
publisher grant permission for this
work to be reproduced for academic
and research purposes as long as
the material is reproduced accurately
and the source fully cited.
With the support of Heinrich Böll
Stiftung, East and Horn of Africa.
00_KE_prelude_RZ_2017.indd 2 05.08.17 12:59Kenya’s 20∂3
general election
Stakes, Practices
and Outcomes
Edited by Kimani Njogu and
Peter Wafula Wekesa
A project by
Twaweza Communications and
Heinrich Böll Stiftung
00_KE_prelude_RZ_2017.indd 3 05.08.17 12:5900_KE_prelude_RZ_2017.indd 4 05.08.17 12:59This book is dedicated to scholar-activists
who must make meaning out of these pages.
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content
∂∂ Acknowledgments
∂2 Foreword
Katrin Seidel, Kimani Njogu
∂4 NotesonContributors
∂6 Introduction
Kimani Njogu, Peter Wafula Wekesa
Part i: Drivers of ‘Victory’ and ‘l oss’
34 TheLandQuestionandVotingPatternsinKenya
Patricia Kameri-Mbote
48 TheTriumphofEthnicIdentityoverIdeologyin
the2013GeneralElectioninKenya
Adams Oloo
64 PoliticalPartyOrganisationinKenyaandthe2013Elections:
WhatLessonsforDemocracyandInclusion?
Felix Kiruthu
80 PoliticalPartiesandCoalitionPoliticsinKenyanGeneralElection(s):
The2013PresidentialandGeneralElections
P. Anyang’ Nyong’o
96 InsecurityandElectionOutcomes:
TheCaseofKenyain2013GeneralElections
Musambayi Katumanga
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∂∂2 ExplainingandMitigatingElections-RelatedViolenceand
HumanRightsViolationsinKenya
Mutuma Ruteere & Kamau Wairuri
∂24 TheCircusComestoTown:
Performance,ReligionandExchangeinPoliticalPartyCampaigns
Joyce Nyairo
∂44 TheGeopoliticsofInternationalJustice:
ICCandKenya’s2013PresidentialElection
Peter Kagwanja
∂62 FromSinnerstoSaints?:
TheICCandJubilee’sTriumphinKenya’s2013Election
Thomas P. Wolf
∂98 TheICC andKenya’s2013Elections:
APerspectivefromKenyanNewspapersEditorialCartoons
Sammy Gakero Gachigua


220 Cartoons
Godfrey Mwampembwa (Gado)
234 Photos
Boniface Mwangi
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Part ii: sources of the Mandate to l ead
244 IEBCandKenya’s2013Elections:Reform,Conform
orTemporaryCeasefre?
Peter Wafula Wekesa
260 SomewherebetweenTruthandPeace:Understandingthe
NewsCoverageofKenya’s2013Elections
Nicholas Benequista
274 InformationTechnology,theStateandtheVoter
intheKenyanElectionof2013
Warigia Bowman & Grace Githaiga
294 TyrannyBeyondNumbers:PoliticalEcologiesthat
InfuenceElections
George Omondi
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308 ElectoraljusticeinKenya:ResolvingDisputesin
aNewDemocraticDispensation
J. B. Ojwang
324 ExclusionaryPracticesintheElectionsofMarch2013inKenya:
HowGenderIssueswereNegotiatedbyLeadersandVoters
Jacqueline Adhiambo Oduol
344 NegotiatedDemocracy:ADouble-BarrelledSword
Winnie V. Mitullah
362 ReformingtheElectoralandGovernanceSysteminKenya:
“TheMixed-MemberProportionalRepresentationwith
ConsociationalSafeguards”
Michael Chege
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acknowledgements
TwawezaComunicationswishestothanktheHeinrich
BöllStiftungforsupportingthewritingandpublicationofthis
book.WhenweapproachedtheDirector,KatrinSeidel,with
theideaofthisbook,shequicklyunderstoodtheimportanceof
theundertakingandofferedmuchneededsupport.Wearealso
thankfultotheGoetheInstitutforprovidingthespacewhichthe
bookauthorsneededtothinkthroughtheirchapters.Wecannot
forgetthecontributionofDavidAdudaandJaneMathengein
editingthisbook.Theyreadmostofthechaptersandgavevery
usefulsuggestionstothevolumeeditors.Weareequallygrateful
toCatherineBosireandIrisBuchholzfortypesettingand
designingthepublication.
Kimani Njogu,
Peter Wafula Wekesa
Nairobi,November2015
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Foreword
Wherepoliticaldecisionmakingseemsfarremovedfromcitizens,
electionsareperceivedastheopportunitytoturnthetables;as
themomentforvoterstoreclaimthepoweroverthedirection
theircountryistaking.Thismightinpartexplaintheunwavering
enthusiasmsurroundingelectionsalthoughelectionsandelec-
toralsystemsoftenfailtoproviderobustmechanismsforalterna-
tioninpowerandholdingleadersaccountable.Neverthelessor
preciselybecauseofthis,electionshavebecomeanimportant
areaofstudy.Thusfar,thereareseveralarticlesandatleastone
bookpublicationdevotedtothe2013GeneralElectioninKenya.
Allofthesescholarlyeffortsaretryingtocapturetheessenceof
anelectionanditsoutcomethatwasanticipatedwithhopeand
anxietyinequalmeasures.
The2013electionwasthefrsttobeconductedunderanew
constitution.Justastheresounding‘Yes’voteintheconstitutionalreferendumin2010wasanimportantmilestoneindealingwith
theshockandtraumaaftertheviolencethatfollowedthe2007
generalelection,thevotingfveyearslaterwasseenasanevent
whichwoulddemonstratethatKenyawasbackonapeaceful
pathtowardsdemocraticgovernance.However,securitywason
everyone’smind.Repeatedcallsforpeacestoodinstarkcontrast
topolarizingcampaignrhetoricliberallyemployingthetrappings
ofidentitypolitics.Andwhilethelatestreformshadboosted
confdencethatelectoralinstitutionswouldsafeguardfree
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andfairelections,itbecameclearthatwhatevertheoutcome
itwouldbehotlycontested,eventuallyleavingthecountry
deeplydivided.
Kenya’s 2013 General Election: Stakes, Practices and Outcomes
isthesecondVolumereleasedbyTwawezaCommunications
onthe2013election.ThefrstVolumeKenya’s Past as Prologue:
Voters, Violence and the 2013 General
Electioncarriesmainly
ethnographicresearchundertakenbyKenyanandFrenchaca-
demics.TheVolumewasreleasedunderapartnershipbetween
TwawezaCommunications;FrenchInstituteforResearchin
Africa(IFRA);HeinrichBöllStiftung,EastandHornofAfrica;
AfriqueContemporaine;andAgenceFrançaisedeDéveloppement(AFD).
ThisVolumeisagainanoutcomeofthepartnershipbetween
TwawezaCommunicationsandtheHeinrichBöllStiftung,East
andHornofAfricawiththekindsupportoftheGoetheInstitut.
Itismulti-disciplinaryinapproachanddrawsonrefectionsby
mainlyKenyanacademicsandcivilsocietyactors.Thevolume
examinesthedriversofthe2013generalelectionsandthesources
ofthemandatetolead.Theauthorsshowhowethnicidentity
loyalty,accesstoeconomicresources,weaknessesingovernance
institutionsandeventsattheInternationalCriminalCourtmay
haveshapedtheoutcomesofthegeneralelection.Throughout
thevolumetherearerefectionsonhowKenyacanimprovepoli-
ticalrepresentationthroughtheelectoralprocess.Webelievethat
thevolumewillenhancedebateontheroleofelectionsinthe
consolidationofdemocracyinKenya.
Katrin Seidel, Kimani Njogu,
HeinrichBöllStiftung Twaweza Communications
00_KE_prelude_RZ_2017.indd 13 05.08.17 12:59[ 14 ]
notes on contributors
Patricia Kameri-Mbote,lecturesat Mutuma Ruteere,UnitedNations
theSchoolofLaw,Universityof SpecialRapporteur.
Nairobi.
Kamau Wairuri,PublicandSocial
Adams Oloo,lecturesinthe SectorAnalyst.
DepartmentofPoliticalScience&
PublicAdministration,University Joyce Nyairo,ManagingDirector,
ofNairobi. SanturiMedia.
Felix Kiruthu,lecturesinthe Peter Kagwanja,ChiefExecutive
DepartmentofPublicPolicyand Offcer,AfricaPolicyInstitute(API).
Administration,Kenyatta
University. Thomas P. Wolf,ResearchAnalyst
forIpsos(PublicAffairs)inKenya.
P. Anyang’ Nyong’o,Senator,
KisumuCounty. Sammy Gakero Gachigua,lectures
intheDepartmentofLiterature,
Musambayi Katumanga,lectures
LanguagesandLinguistics(CommuintheDepartmentofPolitical nicationandMedia),Egerton
Science&PublicAdministration, University.
UniversityofNairobi.
Godfrey Mwampembwa (Gado),
co-founderandExecutiveChairman,
BuniMedia.
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Boniface Mwangi,anaward-winning J.B. Ojwang,JusticeoftheSupreme
photojournalistandasocial-political CourtofKenya.
activist.
Jacqueline Adhiambo Oduol,
Peter Wafula Wekesa,lecturesinthe lecturesattheSchoolofHumanities
DepartmentofHistory,Archeology andSocialSciences,UnitedStates
andPoliticalStudies,Kenyatta InternationalUniversity-Africa.
University.
Winnie V. Mitullah,Researcheratthe
Nicholas Benequista,Departmentof InstituteforDevelopmentStudies,
MediaandCommunic