Land in the Struggles for Citizenship in Africa

Description

The variety of land questions facing Africa and the divergent strategies proposed to resolve them continue to evoke debates. Increasingly, in response to the enduring problems of land tenure, there are land movements of all shapes and orientations, some reformist and others quite revolutionary in their agenda. However revolutionary, land movements have tended to ignore the land tenure interests of women, pastoralists, youth and indigenous people. Several of these longstanding and emerging issues in land tenure include the role of the state in land tenure reforms; urban land questions, the nature of land struggles and improvements; and, the impact of land tenure developments on particular social groups and countries. An overarching concern is the extent to which land rights are being commodified, through the conversion of land held under customary tenure systems into marketised systems. The consequences of this include growing land concentration, land tenure insecurities, diminishing access to land by various sections of society, including the poor, women and less dominant ethno-religious groups. This volume brings together different studies on Africa's land questions exploring emerging land issues on the continent in terms of the wider questions of development, citizenship, and democratisation. The chapters discuss the land question through a variety of themes. Some focus on the agrarian aspects of the land questions, while others elucidate the urban dimensions of the land question.

Sujets

• African Studies

Informations

• Publié par: CODESRIA
• Date de parution: 01 décembre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9782869786783
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 10 Mo

Extrait

Land in the Struggles for Citizenship in Africa

Le foncier dans les luttes pour la citoyenneté en Afrique

This book is a product of CODESRIA Multinational Working Group.

Ce livre est une compilation d’articles issus du groupe multinational de travail du CODESRIA.

Land in the Struggles for Citizenship in Africa

Le foncier dans les luttes pour la citoyenneté en Afrique

Edited by / Sous la direction de

Sam Moyo Dzodzi Tsikata Yakham Diop

Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa DAKAR

©CODESRIA 2015

Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa

Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Angle Canal IV

BP 3304 Dakar, 18524, Senegal

Website : www.codesria.org

ISBN: 9782869786363

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission from CODESRIA.

Typesetting: Alpha Ousmane Dia

Cover Design: Ibrahima Fofana

Distributed in Africa by CODESRIA

Distributed elsewhere by African Books Collective, Oxford, UK

Website: www.africanbookscollective.com

The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) is an independent organisation whose principal objectives are to facilitate research, promote researchbased publishing and create multiple forums geared towards the exchange of views and information among African researchers. All these are aimed at reducing the fragmentation of research in the continent through the creation of thematic research networks that cut across linguistic and regional boundaries.

CODESRIA publishesAfrica Development, the longest standing Africa based social science journal;Afrika Zamani, a journal of history; theAfrican Sociological Review; theAfrican Journal of International Affairs;Africa Review of Booksand theJournal of Higher Education in Africa. The Council also copublishes theAfrica Media Review;Identity, Culture and Politics: An AfroAsian Dialogue;The African Anthropologist, Journal of African Tranformation, Method(e) s: African Review of Social Sciences Methodology,and theAfroArab Selections for Social Sciences. The results of its research and other activities are also disseminated through its Working Paper Series, Green Book Series, Monograph Series, Book Series, Policy Briefs and the CODESRIA Bulletin. Select CODESRIA publications are also accessible online at www.codesria.org.

CODESRIA would like to express its gratitude to the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the Ford Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation of New York (CCNY), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), the Danish Agency for International Development (DANIDA), the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Open Society Foundations (OSFs), TrustAfrica, UNESCO, UN Women, the African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) and the Government of Senegal for supporting its research, training and publication programmes.

Content / Sommaire

Contributors/Lescontributeurs vii ...……...….......................………………........................……………………...…...........................................………………………………........................………………………

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Introduction: Africa’s Diverse and Changing Land Questions Sam Moyo, Dzodzi Tsikata and Yakham Diop1 ………………………………………......…............................………………........................………………………

I Migration, Citizenship and Identities

Migration, citoyenneté et identités

Environmental Degradation, Land Shortage and Identity Conflicts on the Jos Plateau in Nigeria Victor A.O. Adetula37 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...................................................................................................................…………

Logiques d’héritages et superposition de droits : conflits de pratiques dans l’Afrique contemporaine le « légitime » contre le « légal »? Abderrahmane Ngaide69 ………………………………………………………………...........................………….........................................................................................................……….......…………………

Urban Land and Citizenship Struggles in Nigeria: An Analysis of Access from 1979 to date Yomi Oruwari and Opuenebo Owei99 ……………………………………………………………………..................................................…………………….…………………

Gender and Land Dynamics in the Gambia: The Struggle for Citizenship, Democracy Calling for the Agency of the Poor Isatou Touray129 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..........…………………....…………………………

II Continuities and Changes in the Land Question: The Development of Land Markets, Urbanisation and Land Tenure Reforms

Continuités et changements de la question foncière : le développement des marchés fonciers, urbanisation et réformes foncières

Emerging Land Rental Markets and Transaction Costs in Rural Ethiopia Bezabih Emana and Assefa Seyoum157 …………………………………………………………………………..................................…............................…………………………

7.

8.

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Réforme agraire et valeur économique de la terre au Burkina Abdoulaye Zonon183 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….........................................................................................................................……………………

Rural Women Farmers’ Access to Farmland Market Transactions in Nigeria Chimaraoke Otutubikey Izugbara205 …………………………………………………………………………………………………....................................................…………………

Dynamiques foncières autour des villes du centre Bénin : cas de Parakou, Tchaourou, Glazoué et DassaZoumè Ramanou Aboudou and Innocent K. Akobi227 ……………………………………………………………......................………………………………………………

III Land Struggles, Collective Action and the Establishment of Land Claims

Luttes pour la terre, action collective et établissement des revendications territoriales

10.

11.

12.

Electing Land Questions: A Methodological Discussion with Reference to Abahlali baseMjondolo, the Durban Shackdweller Movement Rajeev Patel291 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………............................……………………………………………

Land Tenure Arrangements, Migrant Labour and Land Struggles in Rural Cameroon Francis Menjo Baye and Sunday A. Khan319 ………………………………………………………………….......................…………………………………………

Appropriation of Land for Housing and African Immigrant Entrepreneurship in the City of PointeNoire (CongoBrazzaville) Gabriel Tati347 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..................................………………………….....……………………

Contributors / Les contributeurs

Ramanou Aboudou, Directeur de la Programmation des Résultats Scientifique et de l’Innovation, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Technologique, Benin.

Victor A. O. Adetulais a Professor of Political Science at the University of Jos (Nigeria), and currently the Claude Ake Visiting Professor at the University of Uppsala & Nordisk Africa Institute, Uppsala (2013). He previously held the Nel son Mandela Chair of African Studies at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (2011), and also served as Director, Centre for Development Studies, Uni versity of Jos (1998 2001). His published works include: “Markets, Revolts, and Regime Change: The Political Economy of the Arab Spring”;Nigerian Journal of International Affairs(2011); “Measuring democracy and ‘good governance’ in Africa: A critique of assumptions and methods” inAfrica in Focus Governance in the 21st Centuryby Kwandiwe Kondlo & Chinenyengozi Ejiogu (eds.) (2011); and “West African Labour Migrants and National Security in Nigeria” inEtudes africaines de géographie par le bas / African Studies in Geography from Below by Michael Ben Arrous and Lazare KiZerbo (eds.) (2009).

Innocent Akobi, Chercheur au Laboratoire d’Analyse Régionale et d’Expertise Sociale (LARES), Cotonou, Bénin.

Francis Menjo Baye, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Yakham Diop, titulaire d’un doctorat unique de Géographie de l’Université Paris XNanterre en 1996, a été Ambassadeur du Sénégal en République de Guinée Conakry. Il est Enseignantchercheur au Département de Géographie de l’Uni versité Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar et responsable du Master « Aménagement et Gestion Urbaine en Afrique » [AGUA]. Spécialiste de la géographie urbaine, économique et régionale, il participe à l’encadrement de nombreux étudiants en Master. Dr Diop se préoccupe notamment des questions liées au foncier, au déve loppement territorial et de décentralisation. Il est coauteur de l’Encyclopédie « AXIS » et a participé aux études de nombreux projets d’infrastructures routières au Sénégal, aux audits urbain, organisationnel et financier des communes du Sénégal et à la formation des élus locaux.

viii

Land in the Struggles for Citizenship / Le foncier dans les luttes pour la citoyenneté

Bezabih Emana, Agricultural Economist working in academics, research and consultancy based at AgriHub Ethiopia.

Chimaraoke Otutubikey Izugbaraa Senior Research Scientist and Direc is tor at the Research Capacity Strengthening Division in the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC). Chimaraoke has worked as professor and researcher in Africa, Europe and the US. Dr. Izugbara holds PhD in Social Anthropology and in Social Work from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Chimaraoke’s current research interests include: gender and access to resources, health outcomes and careseeking, community development, sexuality, and sexual behavior.

Sunday A. Khan, Program Specialist for the Investment Climate and Business Environment (ICBE) Research Fund. Formerly Senior Lecturer in economics, University of Yaoundé II, Cameroon.

Sam Moyois Executive Director of the African Institute for Agrarian Studies (AIAS) in Harare, Zimbabwe, and serves as EditorinChief of an International Journal on Agrarian Studies. He is the former President of the Council for the Development of Social Research in Africa (CODESRIA). Professor Moyo holds a PhD in Rural Development and Environmental Management from Univer sity of Northumbria, United Kingdom. His major publications include:African Land Questions, Agrarian Transitions and the state: contradictions of neoliberal land reforms(2008);Land Reform Under Structural Adjustment in Zimbabwe: Land Use Change in the Mashonaland Provinces (2000);The Land Question in Zimbabwe (1995), [coedited with Paris Yeros];Reclaiming the land: the resurgence of rural movements in Africa, Asia and Latin America(2005), [coedited with Kojo Sebas tian Amanor];Land and Sustainable Development in Africa (2008), [coedited with Paris Yeros];Reclaiming the Nation: the Return of the National Question in Africa, Asia and Africa (2011);Land and Agrarian Reform Zimbabwe: Beyond WhiteSettler Capitalism(2013), [coedited with Walter Chambati].

Abderrahmane Ngaïdé est historien, essayiste, romancier et poète. Il enseigne l’histoire moderne et contemporaine au département d’histoire de la FLSH/ UCAD, Sénégal. Dr Ngaïdé vient de publier aux Éditions l’Harmattan :Suinte ments de couleurs sous fichues banderoles. Essai sur l’art de l’invu (Yiyaaka, Nanaa ka/Gissuñuko, Dëgguñuko).

Yomi Oruwari, Professor, Architecture Rivers State, University of Science and Technology, Nigeria.

Opuenebo Owei, Lecturer, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria.

Contributeurs / Les contributeurs

ix

Rajeev C. Patel, School of Development Studies, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa.

Assefa Seyoum, Department of Technological Change, University of Bonn, Germany.

Gabriel Tati, Professsor of Demography and Statistics, University of Western Cape, South Africa.

Isatou Touray, Executive Director, Gambia Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children (GAMCOTRAP), a national and international leader in the fight against female genital mutilation (FGM).

Dzodzi Tsikata is Associate Professor at the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) at the University of Ghana. Her research is in the areas of gender and development policies and practices; land tenure reforms and large scale commercial land deals; and informal labour conditions. Her publica tions include a coedited book (with Pamela Golah),Land Tenure, Gender and Globalisation: Research and Analysis from Africa, Asia and Latin America(Zubaan 2010) and a coguest edited (with Dede Esi Amanor Wilks) issue ofFeminist AfricaonLand, Labour and Gendered LivelihoodsIssue 12(2009).

Abdoulaye Zonon,holds a doctorate degree in economics. Prior to Joi ning ECOWAS Commission, he has taught in economics at the University of Ouagadougou. He worked as an expert in macroeconomic policy for CAPES (Center for Economic and Social Policy Analysis). He has numerous publications in various areas of development such as poverty, environment and international trade of commodities.