Worth Fighting For : Canada’s Tradition of War Resistance from 1812 to the War on Terror
214 pages
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214 pages
English

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Description

Historians, veterans, museums, and public education campaigns have all documented and commemorated the experience of Canadians in times of war. But Canada also has a long, rich, and important historical tradition of resistance to both war and militarization. This collection brings together the work of sixteen scholars on the history of war resistance. Together they explore resistance to specific wars (including the South African War, the First and Second World Wars, and Vietnam), the ideology and nature of resistance (national, ethical, political, spiritual), and organized activism against militarization (such as cadet training, the Cold War, and nuclear arms).

As the federal government continues to support the commemoration and celebration of Canada’s participation in past wars, this collection offers a timely response that explores the complexity of Canada’s position in times of war and the role of social movements in challenging the militarization of Canadian society.


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Publié par
Date de parution 02 avril 2015
Nombre de lectures 1
EAN13 9781771131803
Langue English
Poids de l'ouvrage 2 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,2750€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Worth Fighting For: Canada’s Tradition of War Resistance from1812 to the War on Terror
© 2015
First published in 2015 by: Between the Lines 401 Richmond St. W., Studio 277 Toronto, Ontario M5V 3A8 1-800-718-7201 www.btlbooks.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be photocopied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of Between the Lines, or (for photocopying in Canada only) Access Copyright, 1 Yonge Street, Suite 1900, Toronto, Ontario, M5E 1E5.
Every reasonable effort has been made to identify copyright holders. Between the Lines would be pleased to have any errors or omissions brought to its attention.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Main entry under title:
Worth fighting for : Canada’s tradition of war resistance from 1812 to the war on terror – Lara Campbell, Michael Dawson, Catherine Gidney, editors.
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-77113-179-7 (pbk.). ISBN 978-1-77113-180-3 (epub). ISBN 978-1-77113-181-0 (pdf).
1. Peace movements – Canada – History. 2. Pacifism – Canada – History. 3. Government, Resistance to – Canada – History. I. Dawson, Michael, 1971–, editor II. Campbell, Lara, 1970–, editor III. Gidney, Catherine (Catherine Anne), 1969–, editor
JZ5584.C3W63 2015 327.1’720971 C2014-906717-8 C2014-906718-6
Cover design by Jennifer Tiberio. Cover image: “Ban-the-Bomb Demonstration on Parliament Hill.” n.d. Library and Archives Canada, Ted Grant fonds, e010836559. Page preparation and text design by Steve Izma.
As winner of the 2012 Wilson Prize for Publishing in Canadian History, Between the Lines thanks the Wilson Institute for Canadian History for its recognition of our contribution to Canadian history and its generous support of this book.
Between the Lines gratefully acknowledges assistance for its publishing activities from the Canada Council for the Arts, the Ontario Arts Council, the Government of Ontario through the Ontario Book Publishers Tax Credit program and through the Ontario Book Initiative, and the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund.
Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction: War Resistance in Canadian History LARA CAMPBELL, MICHAEL DAWSON, and CATHERINE GIDNEY
1 “Scruples of Conscience” and the Historic Peace Churches in the War of 1812 JONATHAN SEILING
2 A Mixed Blessing: The Pacifist Sects of Upper Canada and Exemption from Militia Duty, 1793–1867 ROSS FAIR
3 Dissent in Canada against the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902 AMY SHAW
4 With Thought and Faith: Henri Bourassa and the First World War GEOFF KEELAN
5 A Better Truth: The Democratic Legacy of Resistance to Conscription, 1917–1921 DAVID TOUGH
6 Challenging Strathcona: The Cadet Training Controversy in English Canada, 1920–1950 CYNTHIA COMACCHIO
7 “This Thing Is in Our Blood for 400 Years”: Conscientious Objection in the Canadian Historic Peace Churches during the Second World War CONRAD STOESZ
8 Principal Purdie Objects: Canadian Pentecostal Students and Conscription during the Second World War LINDA M. AMBROSE
9 Margaret Ells Russell, Women Strike for Peace, and the Global Politics of “Intelligent Compassion,” 1961–1965 IAN McKAY
10 Bridging and Breaching Cold War Divides: Transnational Peace Building, State Surveillance, and the Voice of Women MARIE HAMMOND-CALLAGHAN
11 Fighting the War at Home: Voice of Women and War Toy Activism in Postwar Canada BRADEN HUTCHINSON
12 Project La Macaza: A Study of Two Canadian Peace Protests in the 1960s BRUCE DOUVILLE
13 “A Very Major Wheel That Helped Grind the War Down”: The Canadian Anti-Draft Movement, 1966–1973 JESSICA SQUIRES
14 The Fasting Granny vs. the Trudeau Government: Demanding an End to the Canadian Presence in Vietnam TARAH BROOKFIELD
15 “A Good Teacher Is a Revolutionary”: Alternative War Perspectives in Toronto Classrooms from the 1960s to the 1990s ROSE FINE-MEYER
16 Rewriting History: Iraq War Resisters’ Struggle for Asylum in Canada and the Mythology of Vietnam LUKE STEWART
17 “There Is Nothing More Inclusive Than O Canada”: New Brunswick’s Elementary School Anthem Debate and the Shadow of Afghanistan MICHAEL DAWSON and CATHERINE GIDNEY
Notes
Author Biographies
Index
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the staff at Between the Lines, especially Amanda Crocker, whose vision was central to the publication of this collection. We would also like to thank our copy editor Cameron Duder, whose hard work and attention to detail improved the manuscript, as well as the many anonymous peer reviewers for their expertise and constructive feedback. Thank you also to Eric Wredenhagen for his support. Most of all we’d like to thank the contributing authors. It’s been a pleasure working with you on this project.
Lara Campbell, Michael Dawson, and Catherine Gidney
Introduction
War Resistance in Canadian History
LARA CAMPBELL, MICHAEL DAWSON, AND CATHERINE GIDNEY
I F YOU HAVE TAKEN A RECENT Canadian citizenship test, attempted to answer a Dominion Institute history quiz, charted a course through Ottawa’s public museums, relaxed on your couch in front of any number of History Television or CBC prime time offerings, or walked through the aisles of any major bookstore, you will be well aware that the experience of war is a fundamental category of Canadian history. A now familiar and predominantly English-Canadian narrative chronicles the forging of the nation state and of Canadian national identity through the experience of war. This narrative generally emphasizes the First World War as a defining moment in the development of Canadian autonomy and national pride, celebrating the sacrifices (and successes) at iconic battles such as Vimy Ridge. From this perspective, the forging of the Canadian nation is understood as a process of increased independence from British foreign policy, shored up by wartime sacrifices mainly in the First and Second World Wars. 1
The place of war in Canada’s history is a key element of our political culture – one that is expanding with commemorations marking Canada’s participation in the First World War. Critics of the current Conservative government’s emphasis on military history argue that the determination to portray Canada as a nation steeped in military strength and tradition has directly influenced both policy and commemoration projects. From the scale and scope of the recent War of 1812 bicentennial commemorations, to the rewriting of the citizenship guide, to the renaming of the armed services, they argue, the federal government is actively trying to (re)shape Canadians’ conceptions of their (military) history. 2
Popular and academic debates persist about the underlying reasons for this endeavour. Is this a reclamation of Canada’s imperial ties to the British Empire and a rejection of the country’s Trudeau-era multicultural policy orientation? Is it an attempt to reconstruct a particular Anglo-Canadian national identity that exists apart from both Quebec and the United States? Does it stem from a desire to rewrite and rebrand Canadian national identity in order to justify increased spending on military technology? Or is it best understood as an attempt to reinforce support for Canada’s role in a U.S.-British alliance in an era profoundly shaped by the War on Terror? Whatever the rationale, the result has been a reinforcement of Canada’s military heritage that too often celebrates heroic sacrifices at the expense of alternative visions that emphasize the horrors of war and its victims. 3
It might be tempting to dismiss such concerns as being “merely” the product of academic debates or partisan laments about whose pet projects secure federal funding. But the decisions we make about the place of war in Canadian history have real consequences. Beyond determining funding and space priorities in public museums they shape notions of what is acceptable or normal in settings as varied as our schools (the prominence of military voices at Remembrance Day assemblies), strip-mall parking lots (where yellow ribbons urging us to “Support Our Troops” beckon from store windows), and on our television and tablet screens (where Toronto Blue Jays players sport camouflage caps and jerseys at their home ballpark to celebrate the U.S. Memorial Day holiday). The prominence of the nation-forged-by-war narrative also helps to silence alternative voices and visions – a silence so strong that it is often difficult to imagine the shape and form a November 11 peace service might take, or how one might promote civic discourse that encourages us to recognize and distinguish between the vastly different forms of Canada’s military engagements over the past two hundred years. Finally, this narrative glosses over deep differences, especially in English- and French-Canadian collective memories, over the meaning and value of Canadian participation in war and the divisions created by its commemoration.
This collection was conceived in part as a response to the current acceleration of military commemoration. But its broader aim is to help recalibrate our understanding of Canadian history by documenting Canada’s long tradition of war resistance. The chapters tackle vastly different topics including pacifist campaigns to secure war service exemptions, anti-imperial dissent, protests a

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