Colonial Culture in France since the Revolution

Alexis Pernsteiner

Description

The global legacy of French colonialism

This landmark collection by an international group of scholars and public intellectuals represents a major reassessment of French colonial culture and how it continues to inform thinking about history, memory, and identity. This reexamination of French colonial culture, provides the basis for a revised understanding of its cultural, political, and social legacy and its lasting impact on postcolonial immigration, the treatment of ethnic minorities, and national identity.

Introduction: The Creation of a Colonial Culture in France, from the Colonial Era to the "Memory Wars"

Part I. The Creation of a Colonial Culture
Foreword: French Colonization: an Inaudible History

1. Anti-Slavery, Abolitionism, and Abolition in France from the End of the Eighteenth Century to the 1840s
2. Milestones in Colonial Culture under the Second Empire (1851-1870)
3. Exhibitions, Expositions, Media Coverage, and the Colonies (1870-1914)
4. Science, Scientists, and the Colonies (1870-1914)
5. Literature, Song, and the Colonies (1900-1920)
6. Entertainment, Theater, and the Colonies (1870-1914)
7. School, Pedagogy, and Colonies (1870-1914)
8. Dying: the Call of the Empire (1913-1918)

Part II. Conquering Public Opinion
Foreword: History's Mark (1931-1961)

9. Dreaming: the Fatal Attraction of Colonial Cinema (1920-1950)
10. Spreading the Word: the Agence Générale des Colonies (1920-1931)
11. To Civilize: the Invention of the Native (1918-1940)
12. Selling the Colonial Economic Myth (1900-1940)
13. The Athletic Exception: Black Champions and Colonial Culture (1900-1939)
14. The Colonial Bath: Sources of Popular Colonial Culture (1918-1931)
15. The Colonial Exposition (1931)
16. National Unity: the Right and Left "Meet" around the Colonial Exposition (1931)

Part III. The Apogee of Imperialism
Foreword: Images of an Empire's Demise

17. Colonizing, Educating, Guiding: A Republican Duty
18. Promotion: Creating the Colonial (1930-1940)
19. Influence: Cultural and Ideological Agendas (1920-1940)
20. Education: Becoming "Homo Imperialis" (1910-1940)
21. Manipulation: Conquering Taste (1931-1939)
22. Control: Paris, a Colonial Capital (1931-1939)
23. Imperial Revolution: Vichy's Colonial Myth (1940-1944)
24. Colonial Economy: Between Propaganda Myths and Economic Reality (1940-1955)
25. French Unity: The Dream of a United France (1946-1960)

Part IV. Toward the Postcolony
Foreword: Moussa the African's Blues

26. Decolonizing France: the "Indochinese Syndrome" (1946-1954)
27. Immigration: the Emergence of an African Elite in the Metropole (1946-1961) 28. Immigration: North Africans Settle in the Metropole (1946-1961)
29. Crime: Colonial Violence in the Metropole (1954-1961)
30. Modernism, Colonialism, and Cultural Hybridity
31. The Meanders of Colonial Memory
32. The Impossible Revision of France's History (1968-2006)
33. National History and Colonial History: Parallel Histories (1961-2006)
34.The Illusion of Decolonization (1956-2006)
35.The Impossible Colonial Museum

Part V. The Time of Inheritance
Foreword: The Age of Contempt, or the Legitimization of France's Civilizing Mission
36. Trouble in the Republic: Disturbing Memories, Forgotten Territories
37. Competition between Victims
38. The Army and the Construction of Immigration as a Threat (1961-2006)
39. Postcolonial Culture in the Army and the Memory of Overseas Combatants (1961-2006)
40. Republican Integration: Reflections on a Postcolonial Issue (1961-2006)
41. Colonial Influences and Tropes in the Field of Literature
42. From Colonial History to the Banlieues (1961-2006)
43. Can We Speak of A Postcolonial Racism? (1961-2006)
44. From Colonial Stereotypes to the Postcolonial Gaze: the Need for an Evolution of the Imaginary
45. Post Colonial Cinema, Song, and Literature: Continuity or Change? (1961-2006)
46. Ethnic Tourism: Symbolic Reconquest? (1961-2006)
47. Francophonie and Universality: the Evolution of Two Entangled Ideas (1961-2006)

Bibliography
Contributors
Index

Sujets

• African Studies
• HISTORY
• Histoire
• África
• General officer
• History of Africa
• History of Europe
• French Revolution
• General
• Africa
• Culture
• France
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 02 décembre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9780253010537
• Langue: English

Extrait

COLONIAL CULTURE IN FRANCE SINCE THE REVOLUTION
COLONIAL CULTURE IN FRANCE
SINCE THE REVOLUTION
EDITED BY Pascal Blanchard, Sandrine Lemaire, Nicolas Bancel, and Dominic Thomas
TRANSLATED BY Alexis Pernsteiner

INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS
Bloomington and Indianapolis
This book is a publication of
Indiana University Press
Office of Scholarly Publishing
Herman B Wells Library 350
1320 East 10th Street
Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
iupress.indiana.edu
Telephone orders 800-842-6796
Fax orders 812-855-7931
2014 by Indiana University Press
Colonial Culture in France since the Revolution, edited by Pascal Blanchard, Sandrine Lemaire, Nicolas Bancel, and Dominic Thomas. Copyright 2014 by Indiana University Press. Originally published as Culture coloniale en France: De la R volution fran aise nos jours, edited by Pascal Blanchard, Sandrine Lemaire, and Nicolas Bancel. Copyright 2003, 2004, 2006 by ditions Autrement, Paris, with the collaboration of the Groupe de recherche ACHAC.
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Culture coloniale en France. English.
Colonial culture in France since the revolution / edited by Pascal Blanchard, Sandrine Lemaire, Nicolas Bancel, and Dominic Thomas; translated by Alexis Pernsteiner.
pages cm
Originally published in French as: Culture coloniale en France: de la R volution fran aise nos jours (Paris: CNRS: Autrement, 2008), with the collaboration of the Groupe de recherche ACHAC.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-253-01045-2 (cloth: alk. paper) - ISBN 978-0-253-01053-7 (e-book) 1. France- Colonies-Social aspects. 2. France-Colonies-History. 3. France-Intellectual life-19th century. 4. France-Intellectual life-20th century. 5. France-Social life and customs-19th century. 6. France-Social life and customs-20th century. 7. France-Ethnic relations. 8. Imperialism. I. Blanchard, Pascal, author, editor of compilation. II. Lemaire, Sandrine, author, editor of compilation. III. Bancel, Nicolas, author, editor of compilation. IV. Thomas, Dominic Richard David, editor of compilation. V. Pernsteiner, Alexis, translator. VI. Title.
JV1817.C8513 2014
325.320944-dc23
2013022926
1 2 3 4 5 19 18 17 16 15 14
Contents
Introduction: The Creation of a Colonial Culture in France, from the Colonial Era to the Memory Wars \ Pascal Blanchard, Sandrine Lemaire, Nicolas Bancel, and Dominic Thomas
Part 1. The Creation of a Colonial Culture
Foreword: French Colonization: An Inaudible History \ Marc Ferro
1 Antislavery, Abolitionism, and Abolition in France from the End of the Eighteenth Century to the 1840s \ Marcel Dorigny
2 Milestones in Colonial Culture under the Second Empire (1851-1870) \ Sandrine Lemaire, Pascal Blanchard, and Nicolas Bancel
3 Exhibitions, Expositions, Media Coverage, and the Colonies (1870-1914) \ Sandrine Lemaire and Pascal Blanchard
4 Science, Scientists, and the Colonies (1870-1914) \ Gilles Bo tsch
5 Literature, Song, and the Colonies (1900-1920) \ Alain Ruscio
6 Entertainment, Theater, and the Colonies (1870-1914) \ Sylvie Chalaye
7 School, Pedagogy, and the Colonies (1870-1914) \ Gilles Manceron
8 Dying: The Call of the Empire (1913-1918) \ ric Deroo
Part 2. Conquering Public Opinion
Foreword: History s Mark (1931-1961) \ Didier Daeninckx
9 Dreaming: The Fatal Attraction of Colonial Cinema (1920-1950) \ Olivier Barlet and Pascal Blanchard
10 Spreading the Word: The Agence G n rale des Colonies (1920-1931) \ Sandrine Lemaire
11 To Civilize: The Invention of the Native (1918-1940) \ Nicolas Bancel and Pascal Blanchard
12 Selling the Colonial Economic Myth (1900-1940) \ Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch
13 The Athletic Exception: Black Champions and Colonial Culture (1900-1939) \ Timoth e Jobert, Stanislas Frenkiel, and Nicolas Bancel
14 The Colonial Bath: Colonial Culture in Everyday Life (1918-1931) \ Nicolas Bancel
15 The Colonial Exposition (1931) \ Steven Ungar
16 National Unity: The Right and Left Meet around the Colonial Exposition (1931) \ Pascal Blanchard
Part 3. The Apogee of Imperialism
Foreword: Images of an Empire s Demise \ Benjamin Stora
17 Colonizing, Educating, Guiding: A Republican Duty \ Fran oise Verg s
18 Promotion: Creating the Colonial (1930-1940) \ Sandrine Lemaire
19 Influence: Cultural and Ideological Agendas (1920-1940) \ David Murphy, Elizabeth Ezra, and Charles Forsdick
20 Education: Becoming Homo Imperialis (1910-1940) \ Nicolas Bancel and Daniel Denis
21 Manipulation: Conquering Taste (1931-1939) \ Sandrine Lemaire
22 Control: Paris, a Colonial Capital (1931-1939) \ Pascal Blanchard and ric Deroo
23 Imperial Revolution: Vichy s Colonial Myth (1940-1944) \ Pascal Blanchard and Ruth Ginio
24 The Colonial Economy: Between Propaganda Myths and Economic Reality (1940-1955) \ Sandrine Lemaire, Catherine Hodeir, and Pascal Blanchard
25 French Unity: The Dream of a United France (1946-1960) \ Jacques Fr meaux
Part 4. Toward the Postcolony
Foreword: Moussa the African s Blues \ Abdourahman A. Waberi
26 Decolonizing France: The Indochinese Syndrome (1946-1954) \ Daniel H mery
27 Immigration and an Emerging African Elite in the Metropole (1946-1961) \ Philippe Dewitte
28 North Africans Settle in the Metropole (1946-1961) \ Pascal Blanchard, ric Deroo, Driss El Yazami, Pierre Fourni , and Gilles Manceron
29 Crime: Colonial Violence in the Metropole (1954-1961) \ Jean-Luc Einaudi
30 Modernism, Colonialism, and Cultural Hybridity \ Herman Lebovics
31 The Meanders of Colonial Memory \ Nicolas Bancel and Pascal Blanchard
32 The Impossible Revision of France s History (1968-2006) \ Suzanne Citron
33 National History and Colonial History: Parallel Histories (1961-2006) \ Sandrine Lemaire
34 The Illusion of Decolonization (1956-2006) \ Jean-Pierre Dozon
35 The Difficult Art of Exhibiting the Colonies \ Robert Aldrich
Part 5. The Time of Inheritance
Foreword: The Age of Contempt, or the Legitimization of France s Civilizing Mission \ Bruno Etienne
36 Trouble in the Republic: Disturbing Memories, Forgotten Territories \ Fran oise Verg s
37 Competition between Victims \ Esther Benbassa
38 The Army and the Construction of Immigration as a Threat (1961-2006) \ Mathieu Rigouste
39 Postcolonial Culture in the Army and the Memory of Overseas Combatants (1961-2006) \ Christian Beno t, Antoine Champeaux, and ric Deroo
40 Republican Integration: Reflections on a Postcolonial Issue (1961-2006) \ Vincent Geisser
41 Colonial Influences and Tropes in the Field of Literature \ Jean-Marc Moura
42 From Colonial History to the Banlieues (1961-2006) \ Dominique Vidal
43 Can We Speak of a Postcolonial Racism? (1961-2006) \ Sa d Bouamama and Pierre Tevanian
44 From Colonial Stereotypes to the Postcolonial Gaze: The Need for an Evolution of the Imaginary \ Dominique Wolton
45 Postcolonial Cinema, Song, and Literature: Continuity or Change? (1961-2006) \ Delphine Robic-Diaz and Alain Ruscio
46 Ethnic Tourism: Symbolic Reconquest? (1961-2006) \ Nicolas Bancel
47 Francophonie and Universality: The Evolution of Two Intertwined Notions (1961-2006) \ Gabrielle Parker
Bibliography
Contributors
Index
COLONIAL CULTURE IN FRANCE SINCE THE REVOLUTION
Introduction
The Creation of a Colonial Culture in France, from the Colonial Era to the Memory Wars
Pascal Blanchard, Sandrine Lemaire, Nicolas Bancel, and Dominic Thomas
The present collection is the fruit of an inquiry that began in the early 1990s and that sought to better elucidate certain aspects of France s contemporary history. The weight of colonial imaginary, discernible in the production of a colonial iconicity, in colonial cinema, and in the intertextual articulations of images/ discourse, called for improved contextualization, as did those mechanisms associated with the construction of different paradigms with respect to the Other in the context of a burgeoning imperialism. 1 Initial research was conducted on the subject of human zoos, and then shortly thereafter we began evaluating the importance of colonial expositions and world fairs that were held in France and abroad. 2 We also sought to better understand the relationship between immigration to the metropole from the global South and the colonial phenomenon itself over a longer historical period that included both the colonial and postcolonial periods. In turn, we found ourselves compelled to investigate even more complex, yet related, processes, such as French Republican identity.
This research is the result of an empirical deconstruction of a number of initially scattered cultural, juridical, and political systems, which over time came to constitute a historical system that could be defined in large part by imperialism and its postcolonial repercussions. 3 We have found the expression colonial culture helpful in describing this system. The present work thus represents a concerted attempt to elucidate and interpret the gradual development, dissemination, and mutation of colonial culture in the French metropole over more than two centuries. The book therefore begins at the dawn of colonial culture, when slavery was first abolished, and ends in the postcolonial period with an examination into the long-term effects of the imperial system. Of course, research conducted in Great Britain,