Hometown Hamburg
329 pages
English

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329 pages
English

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Description

An exploration of the problem of social order in modern German urban history


Through the study of Hamburg handicraft in the late Weimar Republic "Hometown Hamburg" addresses three intertwined problems in modern German history: the role of institutionalized social, political and cultural continuity versus contingency in the course of modern German development; the impact of conflicting notions of social order on the survival of liberal democracy; and the role of corporate politics in the rise of National Socialism. It provides a theoretical and analytical framework for reintroducing the notion of historical continuity in the study of modern German history. The book also supports the recent challenges to the notion of Hamburg as a liberal economic and political bastion, a “London on the Elbe,” in a nation of conservative and authoritarian governmental regimes. Hometown Hamburg demonstrates why “liberal” and “socialist” Hamburg also remained a hotbed of corporate radicalism and underscores the fact that National Socialism was the only political party that presented a coherent vision of a corporate “good society,” thereby making it attractive to hometown voters across the entire social spectrum in Hamburg (and in Germany).


Introduction: Continuity in History; 1. The Peculiarity of German History: Handwerk versus Handicraft; 2. Hamburg: A German Home Town?; 3. In Search of Hamburg Handwerk: Figures and Forms; 4. The Handicraft Occupational Estate in the Crisis of the Weimar Republic; 5. A Constitution without Decision; 6. From the Politics of Barter to a Volksgemeinschaft; Conclusion: Continuity in History Revisited; Bibliography; Index.

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Publié par
Date de parution 22 mars 2019
Nombre de lectures 0
EAN13 9781783089338
Langue English

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0125€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

Hometown Hamburg
Hometown Hamburg
Artisans and the Political Struggle for Social Order in the Weimar Republic
Frank Domurad
Anthem Press
An imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company
www.anthempress.com
This edition first published in UK and USA 2019
by ANTHEM PRESS
75–76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA, UK
or PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK
and
244 Madison Ave #116, New York, NY 10016, USA
© Frank Domurad 2019
The author asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work.
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-78308-931-4 (Hbk)
ISBN-10: 1-78308-931-8 (Hbk)
This title is also available as an e-book.
CONTENTS
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Chapter One
The Peculiarity of German History: Handicraft versus Handwerk
Chapter Two
Hamburg: A German Hometown?
Chapter Three
In Search of Hamburg Handwerk: Figures and Forms
Chapter Four
The Handicraft Occupational Estate in the Crisis of the Weimar Republic
Chapter Five
A Constitution without Decision
Chapter Six
From the Politics of Barter to Volksgemeinschaft

Conclusion: Continuity in German History Revisited
References
Index
TABLES
2.1 Independent Artisans, Guilds and Guild Members, Hamburg, 1874–1926
2.2 Hamburg Citizens, as a Percentage of Population and Reichstag Suffrage, 1860–1904
3.1 Population, Business Establishments and Gainfully Employed Persons in Hamburg, 1907–25
3.2 Business Establishments and Employed Persons by Economic Sector, Hamburg, 1925
3.3 Business Establishments and Employed Persons by Size of Firm, Hamburg and Reich, 1925
3.4 Industrial and Craft Business Establishments by Economic Sector/Group and Size, Hamburg and Reich, 1925
3.5 Employed Persons in Industrial and Craft Business Establishments by Economic Sector/Group, Hamburg and Reich, 1925
3.6 Increase/(Decrease) in Industrial and Craft Business Establishments and Persons Employed by Size of Firm, Hamburg 1907 and 1925
3.7 Average Number of Persons Employed by Size of Industrial/Handicraft Firm, Hamburg, 1907 and 1925
3.8 Handicraft Workshops and Gainfully Employed in Handicraft Economy in Hamburg and Germany, 1926
3.9 Density of Artisan Concerns and Workforce, German States, 1926
3.10 Density of Artisan Concerns and Workforce, Selected Urban Handicraft Chamber Districts, 1926
3.11 Artisans per Workshop, German States and Selected Urban Handicraft Chamber Districts, 1926
3.12 Distribution of Artisan Workshops by Number of Journeymen Employed, Selected Urban Handicraft Chamber Districts and Germany, 1926
3.13 Percentage Distribution of Artisan Workshops by Number of Journeymen Employed, Selected Urban Handicraft Chamber Districts and Germany, 1926
3.14 Absolute and Relative Distribution of Artisan Workforce by Position, Hamburg and Germany, 1926
3.15 Handicraft Workshops, Persons Gainfully Employed and Average Size of Firm by Definition of Handicraft, Hamburg, 1925/26
3.16 Percent of Independent Artisans Organized in Guilds, German States and Reich, 1926
3.17 Proportion of Artisan Guild Members in Zwangs- and Freie Innungen , German States and Reich, 1919 and 1926
6.1 Bürgerschaft Election Results, Hamburg State, 1927–32: Votes and Mandates
6.2 Reichstag Election Results, Wahlkreis Hamburg (#34), 1928–32: Votes and Mandates
6.3 Bürgerschaft/Reichstag Election Results in Percent by Party Groupings, Hamburg (H) and Germany (G), 1927–32
6.4 Hamburg’s Party Rank by Percentage Vote in Thirty-Five Election Districts, Reichstag Elections 1928–32
6.5 Handicraft Bürgerschaft Nominations, Hamburg State, 1927–32
6.6 Handicraft Percentage of Total Handicraft Bürgerschaft Nominations by Party, Hamburg State, 1927–32
6.7 Handicraft Nominations as Percentage of Total Party Bürgerschaft Nominations by Year, Hamburg State, 1927–32
6.8 Handicraft Nominations as Percentage of Each Party’s Total Bürgerschaft Nominations, Hamburg State, 1927–32
6.9 Handicraft Nominations as Percentage of Total Bürgerschaft Nominations by Party and Year, Hamburg State, 1927–32
6.10 Handicraft Bürgerschaft Mandates, Hamburg State, 1927–32
6.11 Percentage of Total Handicraft Bürgerschaft Mandates by Party, Hamburg State, 1927–32
6.12 Percentage of Handicraft Candidates Elected to Bürgerschaft by Party and Year, Hamburg State, 1927–32
PREFACE
Continuity in German History
In this book I address the issue of the social structural foundations of historical continuity in modern Germany, a topic that has fallen out of favor with a large segment of our profession in recent years. In part this lack of interest in the subject is a residual effect of the Sonderweg debate from decades before. Since discussions of Germany’s special path of historical development, supposedly distinguishing it in a mostly negative fashion from the byways taken by its liberal democratic western European neighbors, were closely tied to notions of social feudalism and political authoritarianism, the concept of institutionalized social structures became linked with conservativism and anti-modernism. Any attempt to discuss the impact of the past on the present from such a perspective, especially in the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic, therefore seemed to preclude recognition of the nation’s movement into a more progressive future, especially in the realm of civil society. 1
Bolstering this empirical antipathy to social structure among modern German historians has been the so-called cultural, linguistic and post-structural turns that have rocked the discipline over the last three decades. Challenging notions of factual objectivity, scientific knowledge accumulation and the reality of social institutions, supporters of these new developments have argued for a subjective, agency-driven form of relativism when discussing historical events. They have vigorously opposed the use of so-called metanarratives or conceptual frameworks to analyze the course of German history and have opened their arms to a contingency-based descriptive practice that precludes any consideration of normative historical continuity as an element affecting the temporal course of individual and collective human behavior. 2
Yet historical continuity in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Germany did exist, and there was no greater proof of that fact than the empirical subject matter of this book, namely the millions of men and women who have made and continue to make a living in small, medium and sometimes even large artisan workshops. Most historians and social scientists interested in the subject of European handicraft in the modern era have come to agree that one salient factor has distinguished German artisans from their counterparts in other countries: the persistence and cohesion of their collective corporate traditions, normative structures and political interests over time and across a wide array of economic, social and governmental upheavals. Unfortunately, these same scholars have been inclined to explain this intriguing example of historical continuity by viewing artisanal actors as derivative bit players on a stage of larger historical forces beyond their control. They have interpreted craftsmen either as rather desperate characters seeking to turn back the economic hands of time in the face of industrialization, as pawns in someone else’s conservative or fascist political game, or as irrational respondents to a social environment changing faster than it could be comprehended.
My work rejects such derivative and passive characterizations of German handicraft as a vain effort to push artisans into explanatory schemata of modernization or class development that simply do not analytically work. Instead, I treat these men and women at their word. When they speak the language of corporate autonomy and occupational estate honor, when they talk about the preservation of a moral economy and the master’s obligation to train future generations of skilled journeymen and workers, I listen carefully. I do so, not because I believe everything that they say at face value, but because there is subjective meaning behind their statements and actions and that meaning reflects important distinctions in the structure of German society, especially in terms of images of social order and social relations.
Nowhere were craft visions of the corporate good society more on display in modern Germany than in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Hamburg. Despite its much-vaunted reputation as the nation’s center of free-trade liberalism and as its fortress of Marxist socialism, the city-state was also the heartland of organized handicraft, what I will call a capital of German Handwerk . It was in Hamburg where the first revolutionary convention of North German craftsmen was held in June 1848 as a prelude to the all-German convocation in Frankfurt am Main two months later, 3 and where artisan

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