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Description
African scholarly research is relatively invisible globally because even though research production on the continent is growing in absolute terms, it is falling in comparative terms. In addition, traditional metrics of visibility, such as the Impact Factor, fail to make legible all African scholarly production. Many African universities also do not take a strategic approach to scholarly communication to broaden the reach of their scholars� work. To address this challenge, the Scholarly Communication in Africa Programme (SCAP) was established to help raise the visibility of African scholarship by mapping current research and communication practices in Southern African universities and by recommending and piloting technical and administrative innovations based on open access dissemination principles. To do this, SCAP conducted extensive research in four faculties at the Universities of Botswana, Cape Town, Mauritius and Namibia.
Informations
| Publié par | African Minds |
| Date de parution | 12 juin 2014 |
| Nombre de lectures | 1 |
| EAN13 | 9781620677551 |
| Langue | English |
| Poids de l'ouvrage | 7 Mo |
Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1235€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.
Extrait
SEEKING IMPACT AND VISIBILITY SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Henry Trotter, Catherine Kell, Michelle Willmers, Eve Gray & Thomas King
SEEKING IMPACT AND VISIBILITY Scholarly Communîcatîon în Southern Afrîca
Henry Trotter, Catherîne Ke, Mîchee Wîmers, Eve Gray & Thomas Kîng
AFRICAN MINDS
Pubîshed în 2014 by Afrîcan Mînds for the Schoary Communîcatîon în Afrîca Programme (SCAP), Unîversîty of Cape Town www.scaprogramme.org.za
Afrîcan Mînds 4 Ecceston Pace, Somerset West, Cape Town, South Afrîca www.afrîcanmînds.org.za
ISBN 978-1-920677-51-0 (Paper) ISBN 978-1-620677-55-8 (e-book)
A contents of thîs document, uness specîied otherwîse, are îcensed under a Creatîve Commons Attrîbutîon-ShareAîke 4.0 Internatîona Lîcense
Thîs work was carrîed out by the Schoary Communîcatîon în Afrîca Programme wîth the aîd of a grant from the Internatîona Deveopment Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
Layout and proofreadîng by CompressDSL www.compressds.com
Table of contents
Tabes and igures ............................................................................................................................................. vîî Abbrevîatîons....................................................................................................................................................vîîî Project group ..................................................................................................................................................... xî Acknowedgements ..........................................................................................................................................xîîî
Executîve summary......................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1. Programme overvîew .................................................................................. 9 Schoary în/vîsîbîîty...........................................................................................................................................11 Open access for deveopment ...........................................................................................................................14 Technoogy and capacîty ...................................................................................................................................15 Project descrîptîon.............................................................................................................................................16
Chapter 2. Project components and methodology.................................................... 19 Seectîon of pîot sîtes .......................................................................................................................................19 The prîncîpa învestîgatîon (PI) team ..................................................................................................................21 Methodoogy ....................................................................................................................................................22 Cutura Hîstorîca Actîvîty Theory (CHAT) ..................................................................................................22 CHAT prîncîpes.........................................................................................................................................24 Change aboratorîes ..................................................................................................................................24 Research components .......................................................................................................................................25 Expansîve earnîng and change/advocacy...........................................................................................................26 Research strands ..............................................................................................................................................28 Research and communîcatîon practîce.......................................................................................................28 Vaues ......................................................................................................................................................30 Impact ......................................................................................................................................................32 Cost-beneit..............................................................................................................................................33 Impementatîon înîtîatîve...................................................................................................................................33 Integratîon and anaysîs of data.........................................................................................................................34 Concusîon........................................................................................................................................................35
Chapter 3. The Southern Afrîcan unîversîty context................................................. 37 Southern Afrîca.................................................................................................................................................37 Hîstory ......................................................................................................................................................38 Demographîcs ...........................................................................................................................................38 Fundîng ....................................................................................................................................................38 Human capîta...........................................................................................................................................39 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................39 Research ...................................................................................................................................................40 Management ............................................................................................................................................41 Unîversîty of Botswana......................................................................................................................................42 Hîstory ......................................................................................................................................................42 Demographîcs ...........................................................................................................................................42 Fundîng ....................................................................................................................................................43 Human capîta...........................................................................................................................................44 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................44 Research ...................................................................................................................................................44
îîî
Seekîng Impact and Vîsîbîîty: Schoary Communîcatîon în Southern Afrîca
Management ............................................................................................................................................45 Unîversîty of Cape Town....................................................................................................................................46 Hîstory ......................................................................................................................................................47 Demographîcs ...........................................................................................................................................48 Fundîng ....................................................................................................................................................49 Human capîta...........................................................................................................................................44 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................50 Research ...................................................................................................................................................50 Management ............................................................................................................................................51 Unîversîty of Maurîtîus ......................................................................................................................................51 Hîstory ......................................................................................................................................................52 Demographîcs ...........................................................................................................................................52 Fundîng ....................................................................................................................................................52 Human capîta...........................................................................................................................................53 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................53 Research ...................................................................................................................................................54 Management ............................................................................................................................................55 Unîversîty of Namîbîa ........................................................................................................................................56 Hîstory ......................................................................................................................................................57 Demographîcs ...........................................................................................................................................58 Fundîng ....................................................................................................................................................58 Human capîta...........................................................................................................................................59 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................59 Research ...................................................................................................................................................60 Management ............................................................................................................................................61 Concusîon........................................................................................................................................................61
Chapter 4. Scholarly communîcatîon polîcy landscape în Southern Afrîca ............. 63 The înternatîona context ..................................................................................................................................63 Open access goes maînstream...................................................................................................................64 Revîsed approaches to assessîng împact ....................................................................................................66 The natîona context .........................................................................................................................................68 Botswana..................................................................................................................................................69 South Afrîca ..............................................................................................................................................70 Maurîtîus ..................................................................................................................................................73 Namîbîa ....................................................................................................................................................75 The înstîtutîona context....................................................................................................................................76 Unîversîty of Botswana ..............................................................................................................................76 Unîversîty of Cape Town............................................................................................................................79 Unîversîty of Maurîtîus ..............................................................................................................................80 Unîversîty of Namîbîa ................................................................................................................................82 Anaysîs.............................................................................................................................................................86
Chapter 5. Research and communîcatîon practîces .................................................. 89 Facuty proies ..................................................................................................................................................90 Posîtîons ...................................................................................................................................................91 Saary scaes ..............................................................................................................................................92 Tîme spent on teachîng, research and admînîstratîon ........................................................................................93 Vaues ...............................................................................................................................................................94 Open access ............................................................................................................................................103 Research and dîssemînatîon cyce ....................................................................................................................106 Conceptuaîsatîon ...................................................................................................................................106
îv
Data coectîon and anaysîs.....................................................................................................................111 Artîcuatîon of indîngs............................................................................................................................114 Transatîon and engagement ...................................................................................................................126 Rewards and încentîves ...................................................................................................................................129 Do these reward and încentîve systems achîeve theîr goas? ....................................................................136 Concusîon......................................................................................................................................................138
Chapter 6. The SCAP împlementatîon înîtîatîve ...................................................... 141 UB Department of Lîbrary and Informatîon Studîes..........................................................................................142 Chaenges ..............................................................................................................................................142 Impementatîon focus .............................................................................................................................144 Impementîng the înîtîatîve ......................................................................................................................146 Lessons earned.......................................................................................................................................148 UCT Southern Afrîcan Labour and Deveopment Research Unît .......................................................................149 Chaenges ..............................................................................................................................................150 Impementatîon focus .............................................................................................................................151 Interventîon: OpenSALDRU .....................................................................................................................152 Interventîon: Round-tabe poîcy forum ...................................................................................................154 Interventîon: Interna communîcatîon toos .............................................................................................155 Lessons earned.......................................................................................................................................155 UoM Facuty of Scîence ...................................................................................................................................156 Chaenges ..............................................................................................................................................156 Impementatîon focus .............................................................................................................................161 The Proiîng Academîcs Onîne (PAO) înîtîatîve ........................................................................................162 Impementatîon înîtîatîve resuts ..............................................................................................................164 Lessons earned.......................................................................................................................................165 UNAM Facuty of Humanîtîes and Socîa Scîences ............................................................................................166 Chaenges ..............................................................................................................................................166 Impementatîon focus .............................................................................................................................168 Interventîon ............................................................................................................................................168 Lessons earned.......................................................................................................................................174 Concusîon......................................................................................................................................................175
Chapter 7. Challenges, contradîctîons and opportunîtîes....................................... 177 Chaenges ......................................................................................................................................................177 Instîtutîona cuture .................................................................................................................................178 Research cuture......................................................................................................................................180 Fundîng ..................................................................................................................................................183 Tîme .......................................................................................................................................................185 e-Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................................186 Skîs and capacîty ...................................................................................................................................187 Afrîcan margînaîsatîon ...........................................................................................................................188 Contradîctîons ................................................................................................................................................191 Artîcuatîon vs împementatîon ...............................................................................................................191 Open vs cosed communîcatîon ...............................................................................................................193 Teachîng vs admînîstratîon vs research vs practîce....................................................................................195 Quantîty vs quaîty ..................................................................................................................................199 Prestîge vs reevance ...............................................................................................................................200 Schoar-to-schoar vs schoar-to-communîty/government communîcatîon.................................................202 Opportunîtîes..................................................................................................................................................204 Instîtutîona cuture .................................................................................................................................204
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Seekîng Impact and Vîsîbîîty: Schoary Communîcatîon în Southern Afrîca
Research înfrastructure............................................................................................................................207 Rewards and încentîves ...........................................................................................................................208 Open access ............................................................................................................................................210 Gateway status .......................................................................................................................................212 The vîrtuous fundîng cyce.......................................................................................................................213 Innovatîon-focused întermedîarîes ...........................................................................................................214 e-Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................................215 Quaîty assurance ....................................................................................................................................217 Concusîon......................................................................................................................................................219
Chapter 8. Key indîngs ............................................................................................. 221 Research and communîcatîon practîces ..........................................................................................................222 Vaues .....................................................................................................................................................222 Research productîon................................................................................................................................223 Outputs ..................................................................................................................................................224 Communîcatîon ......................................................................................................................................225 Networks and coaboratîon ....................................................................................................................226 Research cuture......................................................................................................................................227 Poîcy ..............................................................................................................................................................228 Instîtutîona cuture .................................................................................................................................228 Open access ............................................................................................................................................229 Infrastructure and capacîty ..............................................................................................................................230 Capacîty..................................................................................................................................................230 Research înfrastructure ...........................................................................................................................231
Chapter 9. Recommendatîons ................................................................................... 233 To natîona governments .................................................................................................................................233 To unîversîty admînîstratîons............................................................................................................................234 To unîversîty schoars.......................................................................................................................................235 To research fundîng agencîes...........................................................................................................................235
References ................................................................................................................. 237
vî
Tables and igures
Tabe 2.1 Tabe 2.2 Tabe 3.1 Tabe 3.2 Tabe 5.1 Tabe 5.2 Tabe 5.3 Tabe 5.4 Tabe 5.5 Tabe 5.6 Tabe 5.7 Tabe 5.8 Tabe 5.9 Tabe 5.10 Tabe 6.1 Tabe 6.2
Rankîng of SADC countrîes în terms of ISI papers per mîîon of the popuatîon Tota number of partîcîpants în SCAP’s forma research processes Comparatîve natîona îndîcators Comparatîve înstîtutîona îndîcators Unîversîty saary scaes Comparîson of vaues: why schoars conduct and dîssemînate research Response to statement: “Afrîcan schoarshîp shoud be freey avaîabe on the web” Most împortant prînt materîas Onîne sources consuted “often” for academîc materîas Responses to: “Do you cîrcuate your research prîor to pubîcatîon?” Responses to: “Is your research avaîabe onîne for the genera pubîc?” UCT Comm schoars’ performance assessment weîghts UoM Promotîon assessment guîdeînes UNAM poînt aocatîons for schoary outputs Comparîson of CMS vs reposîtory beneit for SALDRU content curatîon Phases în the SALDRU pîot round-tabe process
Fîgure 1.1 Representatîon of goba scîentîic output, by proportîon of ISI artîce productîon Fîgure 2.1 Representatîon of an actîvîty system în the CHAT tradîtîon Fîgure 2.2 Dîagrammatîc overvîew of the SCAP operatîona approach Fîgure 2.3 Overvîew of SCAP research and împementatîon schedue Fîgure 2.4 UoM FoS actîvîty system trîange popuated wîth change aboratory materîa Fîgure 5.1 Facuty age proies Fîgure 5.2 Facuty posîtîons/ranks proies Fîgure 5.3 Sef-reported proportîon of tîme spent on teachîng-reated actîvîtîes Fîgure 5.4 Vaues motîvatîng UB FoH schoars to conduct and dîssemînate research Fîgure 5.5 Vaues motîvatîng UCT Comm schoars to conduct and dîssemînate research Fîgure 5.6 Vaues motîvatîng UoM FoS schoars to conduct and dîssemînate research Fîgure 5.7 Vaues motîvatîng UNAM FHSS schoars to conduct and dîssemînate research Fîgure 5.8 Comparîson of prîmary vaues motîvatîng productîon of research at facutîes Fîgure 5.9 Tradîtîona “cosed” research and communîcatîon cyce Fîgure 5.10 New “open” research and communîcatîon cyce Fîgure 5.11 Top fundîng sources for respondents’ research projects over the past two years Fîgure 5.12 UB FoH research productîon over two years Fîgure 5.13 UCT Comm research productîon over two years Fîgure 5.14 UoM FoS research productîon over two years Fîgure 5.15 UNAM FHSS research productîon over two years Fîgure 5.16 Response to: “Do you fee part of a broader research network of schoars?” Fîgure 5.17 Locatîon of schoary research networks and communîtîes Fîgure 5.18 Vîsua representatîon of rewards and încentîves’ reatîonshîp to împact Fîgure 6.1 Scîentîic coaboratîon – goba perspectîve Fîgure 6.2 Scîentîic coaboratîon – Maurîtîus în perspectîve Fîgure 6.3 Comparatîve înternatîona downoad speeds (kbps) Fîgure 6.4 Afrîcan undersea cabes present and panned to 2013 Fîgure 6.5 UNAM înstîtutîona reposîtory ocatîon în the schoary communîcatîon system
20 30 41 41 92 96 103 108 109 113 121 132 133 136 153 154
12 23 25 26 27 90 91 93 97 99 100 101 102 107 107 110 116 117 119 120 123 124 136 157 157 159 160 170
vîî
Seekîng Impact and Vîsîbîîty: Schoary Communîcatîon în Southern Afrîca
Abbrevîatîons
ADSL ANC APC CASR CBBR CC CC-BY-SA CCRC CERN CET CHAT CHED CHET CMS Comm CRIS CV DANIDA DHET DLIS DOI DRPC DVC EASSy EC ERC ETDs EU FHSS FoH FoS FTE GDP GER HEI HERANA HINARI HoD HOORC HSRC HTML IBSS ICT IDRC ILRC IMF
vîîî
Asymmetrîc Dîgîta Subscrîber Lîne Afrîcan Natîona Congress (South Afrîca) artîce processîng charge Centre for Appîed Socîa Research (UoM) Centre for Bîomedîca and Bîomaterîas Research (UoM) content coordînator Creatîve Commons (îcense) – Attrîbutîon and Share Aîke Consutancy and Contract Research Centre (UoM) European Organîsatîon for Nucear Research Centre for Educatîona Technoogy (UCT) Cutura Hîstorîca Actîvîty Theory Centre for Hîgher Educatîon Deveopment (UCT) Centre for Hîgher Educatîon Transformatîon (South Afrîca) content management system Facuty of Commerce (UCT) current research înformatîon system currîcuum vîtae Danîsh Internatîona Deveopment Agency Department of Hîgher Educatîon and Traînîng (South Afrîca) Department of Lîbrary and Informatîon Studîes (UB) dîgîta object îdentîier Departmenta Research and Pubîcatîons Commîttee (UB) deputy vîce chanceor Eastern Afrîca Submarîne cabe System European Commîssîon European Research Councî eectronîc theses and dîssertatîons European Unîon Facuty of Humanîtîes and Socîa Scîences (UNAM) Facuty of Humanîtîes (UB) Facuty of Scîence (UoM) fu-tîme equîvaent gross domestîc product gross enroment ratîo hîgher educatîon înstîtutîon Hîgher Educatîon Research and Advocacy Network în Afrîca Heath InterNetwork Access to Research Inîtîatîve head of department Harry Oppenheîmer Okavango Research Centre (UB) Human Scîences Research Councî (South Afrîca) hypertext mark-up anguage Internatîona Bîbîography of the Socîa Scîences înformatîon and communîcatîons technoogy Internatîona Deveopment Research Centre (Canada) Informatîon and Learnîng Resource Centre (UNAM) Internatîona Monetary Fund
IP IR ISI IT JISC JPG JRF kbps LION LMS LTS MECHR MESR MICT MRC MRC MTESRT MUR N$ NCRST NGO NHS NIH NIHR NRF OAI-PMH OA OARE ODL OER OJS OpenDOAR ORD OSISA P PALM PAO PDF PERîî PHP PI PLOS PMS QA R&D RA RC
înteectua property înstîtutîona reposîtory Instîtute for Scîentîic Informatîon înformatîon technoogy Joînt Informatîon Systems Commîttee Joînt Photographîc Experts Group junîor research feow kîobytes per second Lower Indîan Ocean Network earnîng management system Lînux Termîna Server Mînîstry of Educatîon, Cuture and Human Resources (Maurîtîus) Mînîstry of Educatîon and Scîentîic Research (Maurîtîus) Mînîstry of Informatîon and Communîcatîon Technoogy (Maurîtîus) Maurîtîus Research Councî Mutî-dîscîpînary Research Councî (UNAM) Mînîstry of Tertîary Educatîon, Scîence, Research and Technoogy (Maurîtîus) Maurîtîan rupees (currency) Namîbîan doar Natîona Commîssîon on Research, Scîence and Technoogy (Namîbîa) non-governmenta organîsatîon Natîona Heath Servîce (UK) Natîona Instîtutes of Heath (USA) Natîona Instîtute for Heath Research (UK) Natîona Research Foundatîon (South Afrîca) Open Archîves Inîtîatîve Protoco for Metadata Harvestîng open access Onîne Access to Research în the Envîronment Open and Dîstance Learnîng open educatîona resource Open Journa System Open Dîrectory of Open Access Reposîtorîes Ofice of Research and Deveopment (UB) Open Socîety Inîtîatîve of Southern Afrîca Botswana pua (currency) Pubîshîng and Aternatîve Lîcensîng Mode Proiîng Academîcs Onîne portabe document format Programme for the Enhancement of Research Informatîon Persona (Home Page) Hypertext Processor prîncîpa învestîgatîon Pubîc Lîbrary of Scîence performance management system (UB) quaîty assurance research and deveopment research assîstant research coordînator
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